Soft drinks consumption and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is a common clinical condition which is associated with metabolic syndrome in 70% of cases.Inappropriate dietary fat intake,excessive intake of soft drinks,insulin resistance and increased oxidative stress combine to increase free fatty acid delivery to the liver,and increased hepatic triglyceride accumulation contributes to fatty liver.Regular soft drinks have high fructose corn syrup which contains basic sugar building blocks,fructose 55% and glucose 45%.Soft drinks are the leading source of added sugar worldwide,and have been linked to obesity,diabetes,and metabolic syndrome.The consumption of soft drinks can increase the prevalence of NAFLD independently of metabolic syndrome.During regular soft drinks consumption,fat accumulates in the liver by the primary effect of fructose which increases lipogenesis,and in the case of diet soft drinks,by the additional contribution of aspartame sweetener and caramel colorant which are rich in advanced glycation end products that potentially increase insulin resistance and inflammation.This review emphasizes some hard facts about soft drinks,reviews fructose metabolism,and explains how fructose contributes to the development of obesity,diabetes,metabolic syndrome,and NAFLD.

Association between soft drink consumption types and risk of lung cancer and all-cancer: A prospective study of PLCO data

Diet/sugar-free soft drinks are considered to be healthier than regular soft drinks.However,few studies have examined the relationship between the types of soft drinks(regular and diet/sugar-free)and lung cancer(LC)/all-cancer(AC)risk.In this study,we comprehensively assessed the influence of the type of soft drink consumption on LC/AC risk based on the Prostate,Lung,Colorectal,and Ovarian(PLCO)Cancer Screening Trial.Multivariable Cox proportional hazards and competing risks Fine-Gray regression models adjusted for relevant confounders were used to estimate hazard ratios(HRs)and subdistribution HRs for different types of soft drink consumption.In the PLCO population,female subgroup,and the ever/current smoker subgroup,consumption of both regular and diet soft drinks was associated with a significantly reduced risk of LC compared with no soft drinks at all.For the non-lung cancer(NLC)risk,consumption of only diet soft drinks had a significant positive association for the total population and female subgroup.Based on our findings,it was suggested that partial replacement of regular soft drinks with diet soft drinks might be beneficial to LC prevention,especially for females and ever/current smokers.Additionally,completely replacing regular soft drinks with diet soft drinks might be detrimental to NLC prevention,especially for females.

Measurement of Radioactivity in Carbonated Soft Drinks and Annual Dose Assessment

A set of measurements have been conducted, using gamma spectrometry technique, in order to determine the activity-level in some carbonated soft drinks. The obtained activity is about 0.18 ± 0.07 Bq/l for 137Cs, whereas it is less than 0.13, 0.18 and 4.51 Bq/l respectively for 212Pb, 214Pb and 40K. The total average annual dose is about 3.49, 1.69 and 1.68 μSv/y respectively for 7 - 12, 12 - 17 and >17 years old person leading to a radiological risk about 0.142 for adolescent and adults. The obtained results show no significant radiation dose and radiation hazard on human health due to the consumption of these carbonated soft drinks.

soft drinks及其它

soft-drinks 是指不含酒精的清凉饮料。在英语中还有许多与 soft连用的新词,现归纳如下,供广大英语爱好者参考。1.softland 软着陆。它标志着太空科学的进步。为了使太空船在其它星球表面降落时不会因接触过猛而震毁,有必要使它慢慢地降落。2.software(计算机的)软件。还可用来指火箭、导弹或其它太空交通工具内的工作计划、燃料等和硬部件不同的构成部分。3.soft target 指一切易受炮火袭击的地方。

Commercial Bakery, Fast-Food, and Soft Drink Consumption and Quality of Life in the SUN Project

Objective: Few studies have related nutritional factors with quality of life in healthy populations. Our aim was to analyze the relationship between commercial bakery, fast food or soft drinks consumption and mental and physical quality of life. Study Design: This analysis included 8335 participants from the 'Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra' (SUN) Project (a multipurpose, dynamic cohort). Methods: The consumption of commercial bakery, fast food and soft drinks was assessed through a validated food-frequency questionnaire at baseline. Quality of life was measured after 4 years of follow-up with the Short-Form 36 (SF-36) Health Survey. Generalized Linear Models were fit to assess the regression coefficients (b) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the association between commercial bakery, fast food and soft drinks consumption and each domain and the two standardized measures of the SF-36. Results: As compared to the participants in the lowest quintile of consumption, those participants in the highest quintile of consumption of commercial bakery, fast food and soft drinks showed a score significantly lower (>2 points) for vitality (b = -2.14, 95% CI = -3.31 to -0.96), role emotional (b = -2.23, 95% CI = -4.33 to -0.13), and role physical (b = -2.31, 95% IC = -4.26 to -0.36) domains with statistically significant dose-response relationships (p for trend < 0.05). When the food groups were analysed separately, significant inverse associations were found only for commercial bakery and fast-food consumption. Conclusions: The results suggest that high consumption of commercial bakery, fast-food and soft drinks at baseline was associated with worse scores on self-perceived quality of life. This association was stronger for the mental domains of the SF-36.

Amount of Calcium Elution and Eroded Lesion Depth in Bovine Enamel Derived from Single Short Time Immersion in Carbonated Soft Drink <i>in Vitro</i>

Erosion is one of serious oral health problems among Japanese children. Some dentists argue that brushing just after food/drink intake induces enamel abrasion. Objectives of this study were to evaluate amount of calcium elution from bovine enamel due to single and short immersion into carbonated soft drink, to calculate depth of the eroded lesion, and to determine when to brush teeth after carbonated soft drink intake from the view point of preventing enamel abrasion. Four enamel specimens were made from each of eight bovine teeth. The specimens were covered by quick-cure resin except for enamel surfaces. The four specimens from each bovine tooth were classified into three, six, nine, and 12 minutes immersion (IM3, IM6, IM9, and IM12) groups and immersed separately in five mL of carbonated soft drink. After the immersion, the calcium concentration of the original drink and the drink samples were evaluated using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The dimension of each enamel specimen was calculated using a planimeter. The amount of eluted calcium per unit area of the enamel specimen into each drink sample was obtained. The depth of the demineralized lesion was obtained by dividing the amount of calcium elution per unit area by the concentration of calcium in enamel and the specific gravity of enamel. The lesion depth of the IM3 group was significantly lower than those in the IM6, IM9, and IM12 groups. The mean lesion depth in the IM12 group which showed the deepest lesion depth was 0.21 μm. As conclusions, the erosive lesion depth due to intake of carbonated soft drink was much shallower than remineralized enamel surface of a white spot lesion which can be repaired in plaque fluid in a short time, suggesting such erosion hardly causes tooth wear, hence it was suggested that brushing teeth just after the intake was recommended.

Dental erosion and severe tooth decay related to soft drinks:a case report and literature review

Soft drinks have many potential health problems.The inherent acids and sugars have both acidogenic and cariogenic potential,resulting in dental caries and potential enamel erosion.In this report we present a 25-year-old man complaining with the severe worn-out of the front teeth during the past 3 years.He had a history of drinking cola for more than 7 years and had a poor oral hygiene.Severe decays were present in the incisors and the canines,while less severe lesions were noted on the premolars and the molars.The review is to show the relationship between dental erosion and caries and soft drinks.Some efforts have been taken to reduce the harmful effect of soft drinks.

Effects of Gaseous Drinks in Wistar Rats Esophagus

The consumption of beverages and processed foods, mainly soft drinks, has been incorporated into the usual diet of children, adolescents and adults frequently in recent years. The present study aimed to study the effects of carbonated drinks on Wistar rats, based on the macroscopic and histological morphology of the esophagus. Fifteen Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control group;group fed with ration and cola-type refrigerant ad libitum and group fed with ration and gas industrialized water ad libitum, for a trial period of 90 days. For histopathology and morphology, the esophagus was removed, prepared in slides and stained with hematoxylineosin. Images of the sections were captured for analysis and classification of the inflammatory infiltrate. For morphometry, ten grid fields of 100 points were evaluated in the 40x eyepiece, totaling 3000 points per animal. The results demonstrate that the refrigerant treatment induced the following structural changes in the rats: significant reduction of weight in relation to the control group;inflammatory infiltrate predominantly diffuse mild to moderate and tissue edema. The rats treated with carbonated water had similar results to the control, besides signs of healing and tissue repair.

Chronic cola drinking induces metabolic and cardiac alterations in rats

AIM: To investigate the effects of chronic drinking of cola beverages on metabolic and echocardiographic parameters in rats. METHODS: Forty-eight male Wistar rats were divided in 3 groups and allowed to drink regular cola (C), diet cola (L), or tap water (W) ad libitum during 6 mo. After this period, 50% of the animals in each group were euthanized. The remaining rats drank tap water ad libitum for an additional 6 mo and were then sacrificed. Rat weight, food, and beverage consumption were measured regularly. Biochemical, echocardiographic and systolic blood pressure data were obtained at baseline, and at 6 mo (treatment) and 12 mo (washout). A complete histopathology study was performed after sacrifice. RESULTS: After 6 mo, C rats had increased body weight (+7%, P < 0.01), increased liquid consumption (+69%, P < 0.001), and decreased food intake (-31%, P < 0.001). C rats showed mild hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia. Normoglycemia (+69%, P < 0.01) and sustained hypertriglyceridemia (+69%, P < 0.01) were observed in C after washout. Both cola beverages induced an increase in left ventricular diastolic diameter (C: +9%, L: +7%, P < 0.05 vs W) and volumes (diastolic C: +26%, L: +22%, P < 0.01 vs W; systolic C: +24%, L: +24%, P < 0.05 vs W) and reduction of relative posterior wall thickness (C: -8%, L: -10%, P < 0.05 vs W). Cardiac output tended to increase (C: +25%, P < 0.05 vs W; L: +17%, not significant vs W). Heart rate was not affected. Pathology findings were scarce, related to aging rather than treatment. CONCLUSION: This experimental model may prove useful to investigate the consequences of high consumption of soft drinks.

我国4城市儿童少年饮料的消费现况

目的 了解我国城市儿童少年饮料消费现状及其影响因素 ,发现存在的问题 ,为制定有效的干预措施提供科学依据。方法 用三阶段分层整群随机抽样方法在上海、广州、济南和哈尔滨 4城市抽取 1 0 2 1 6名 3～ 1 4岁儿童少年 ,用问卷调查的方法收集儿童少年有关饮料消费的资料。结果 儿童少年在家里主要饮用的饮料有碳酸饮料 ( 71 .5% )、牛奶 ( 67.9% )和白开水 ( 61 .3% ) ,饮料主要由母亲来准备 ;在学校主要饮用白开水 ( 78.1 % )、牛奶 ( 2 6.7% )和豆奶 ( 2 3.4% ) ,饮料主要由儿童少年自己准备。儿童少年喜欢饮用某些饮料的主要原因有味道好、有营养和包装好。一天内饮用过白开水、牛奶、碳酸饮料和果汁的比例分别为 86.9%、58.0 %、37.0 %和 1 6.2 %。影响儿童少年碳酸饮料消费的主要因素为家庭经济收入和父母文化程度。结论 碳酸饮料等软饮料已成为城市儿童少年饮料消费的主流 ,为引导他们合理地消费饮料 ,高年龄的儿童少年和母亲是营养教育的重点对象。

毛细管电泳法测定市售饮料中糖类物质的研究

毛细管电泳－电化学检测技术（ＣＥ－ＥＣ）对具有电化学活性的物质的分离检测具有极大的优越性。本文采用ＣＥ－ＥＣ技术，以铜电极为工作电极，在０．１０ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａＯＨ溶液中对１０种市售饮料中的糖类物质的分离检测进行了研究。讨论了ｐＨ值、电泳操作液、分离电压、电极、工作电位等对分离检测的影响，并对１０种饮料中的糖类物质的热量进行了计算。

我国7城市中小学生饮料消费现状

目的了解我国城市中小学生饮料消费现状及其影响因素,发现存在问题,为制定有效的干预措施提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样方法,从北京等7个城市选取年龄在6～17岁之间的中小学生9194人进行问卷调查。结果中小学生的平均饮水量为930ml±2ml,饮料的平均饮用量为715ml±2ml。中学生在家不喝饮料的比例高于小学生,小学生在学校不喝饮料的比例高于中学生。59.5%的小学生在家经常饮用纯牛奶,超过60%的中学生在家饮用碳酸饮料。25.7%的小学生在学校经常饮用纯牛奶;45%左右的中学生在学校饮用固体饮料。在家里,饮料的准备者主要为母亲;在学校,饮料的准备者主要为其他人。饮料的购买地点主要为家附近的商店或超市。中小学生最喜欢喝的饮料为碳酸饮料,茶饮料和果蔬饮料。他们常喝这些饮料的原因主要有好喝、干净卫生和健康/有营养。结论建议城市中小学生适量增加饮水量。碳酸饮料等软饮料依然是我国城市中小学生饮料消费的主流,而咖啡、固体饮料的消费量在高年级学生中的饮用比例有明显增加。父母和学生本人是营养教育的重点对象,特别是高年级学生。

不同种类饮料导致年轻恒牙牙釉质脱矿的实验研究

目的:比较不同种类的饮料对年轻恒牙牙釉质的脱矿作用;比较饮料在不同作用时间和频率下导致年轻恒牙牙釉质脱矿的程度。方法:采用维氏显微硬度仪,测定经4种不同饮料浸泡的年轻恒牙牙釉质的表面显微硬度的变化。采用Roche生化分析仪,测定4种饮料处理年轻恒牙牙釉质后饮料中钙、磷含量的变化。采用SPSS15.0软件包对结果进行双因素方差分析。结果:4种饮料均可导致年轻恒牙牙釉质钙、磷溶出和表面显微硬度下降。不同种类饮料对牙釉质的脱矿程度不同,差异具有显著性(P<0.05)。随着饮料对牙作用时间和频率的延长,牙釉质的脱矿程度增加。结论:果汁类和碳酸类饮料均可导致牙釉质脱矿。茶饮料可以促进牙釉质的再矿化,是较理想的健康饮料。

高效液相色谱法测定软饮料中香兰素和乙基香兰素

目的建立软饮料中香兰素和乙基香兰素的高效液相色谱法检测方法。方法样品中的香兰素和乙基香兰素在酸性条件下经乙腈提取,利用盐析作用分层净化,提取液浓缩复溶解后,供液相色谱检测。检测波长308 nm,外标法定量。结果香兰素和乙基香兰素在0.5~50.0?g/m L浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.9999。添加水平为5、30、63 mg/kg时,香兰素和乙基香兰素的平均回收率分别为98.4%和100.4%,96.7%和100.2%,97.8%和100.3%,相对标准偏差在3.53%~4.70%,检出限均为0.5 mg/kg。结论方法操作简便、快速,经济实用,适用性强,结果准确可靠,可用于样品批量快速检测。

HPLC法快速测定软饮料中苯甲酸、糖精钠、山梨酸的含量

采用反相高效液相色谱法(HPLC)对碳酸饮料、冰红茶、橙汁中的苯甲酸、山梨酸、糖精钠含量进行了测定。建立了快速分析这三种添加剂的方法,最佳色谱条件为:柱温35℃,流动相体系为甲醇与0.02M,乙酸铵液比例20+80。采用外标法定量,得到了良好的线性关系。回收率在90—110%之间,相对标准偏差小于2%。

不同种类碳酸饮料导致牙釉质脱矿的比较研究

目的 :比较几种碳酸类饮料对牙釉质的脱矿作用。方法 :采用紫外 可见分光光度法检测 5种碳酸类饮料中钙、磷含量 ,采用微量化学分析法检测 5种碳酸类饮料处理牛牙釉质后饮料中钙、磷含量的变化。采用维氏显微硬度仪测定经饮料浸泡后牙釉质表面显微硬度的变化。结果 :所选用的碳酸类饮料的钙浓度分别是雪碧为 2 1 1mmol/L ,百事可乐为 3 5 8mmol/L ,非常可乐为 0 0 9mmol/L ,可口可乐为 1 32mmol/L ,冰茶为 0 0 5mmol/L ,饮料中磷的浓度分别是百事可乐为 3 4 6mmol/L ,可口可乐为 3 4 6mmol/L ,非常可乐为 3 87mmol/L ,雪碧和冰茶中不含磷。 5种饮料均能导致牙釉质钙磷溶出和表面显微硬度下降。不同种类碳酸饮料导致牙釉质钙磷溶出的量以及表面显微硬度下降的程度不同 ,差异具有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。随时间延长 ,钙磷溶出减少 ,表面显微硬度降低的程度减弱。结论 :碳酸类饮料都能导致牙釉质脱矿 ,所选饮料中 。

气相色谱-串联质谱法结合QuEChERS方法快速检测软包装饮料中8种光引发剂

建立了QuEChERS-气相色谱-串联质谱法快速检测软包装饮料(橙汁、苹果汁、桃汁、菠萝汁和凉茶)中8种光引发剂残留的分析方法。样品以乙腈快速提取,NaCl和无水MgSO4除水后,经N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)和C18粉末净化,用气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)分析,采用多反应监测(MRM)模式检测。在0.01,0.1和0.5 mg/kg的添加水平下,5种软包装饮料的平均回收率为60.4%～99.1%;相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.2%～15.9%;检出限(LOD)为0.2～0.8μg/L。结果表明:本方法简便、快速、安全、价格低廉,重现性良好,可用于软包装饮料中多种光引发剂残留的快速确证检测。

高压液相色谱法快速测定饮料中的五种食品添加剂

目的建立一种高压液相色谱方法同时检测饮料制品中3种甜味剂(安赛蜜、糖精钠、阿斯巴甜)和2种防腐剂(苯甲酸、山梨酸)。方法样品采用起始流动相稀释后直接过膜分析,色谱分离在极性修饰XAquaC18色谱柱上进行,流动相采用50mmol/LpH4.5KH2PO4和乙腈,梯度模式洗脱,流速2mL/min,柱温40℃,6min内即可完成一次分离分析,加上4min梯度平衡时间,10min内即可完成平衡及分离。结果 5种食品添加剂在0.5～50mg/L内线性关系良好,相关系数r2均大于0.9999。在两种饮料基质中添加50、100、150mg/kg3个浓度水平,方法回收率为96.48%～105.64%,相对标准偏差为0.21%～5.39%;以信噪比S/N=3计算,方法检测限为0.02～0.08mg/L。结论建立的分析方法快速、准确,可满足饮料中甜味剂和防腐剂的同时检测。

用荧光光度法测定饮料中的Vc含量

维生素C与邻苯二胺（OPDA）在pH=4．6时发生缩合反应，生成强荧光的缩合物，据此建立了一种灵敏测定抗坏血酸的方法．在激发波长248nm，发射波长438nm处测定其荧光强度，维生素C浓度在10-70μg／7ml范围内与其荧光强度呈良好的线性关系，相关系数为0．999．利用本法进行回收实验与样品测定都取得了令人满意的结果，适用于大多数果蔬和饮料中Vc含量的测定．