The readout electronics for a prototype soft X-ray spectrometer based on silicon drift detector(SDD),for precisely measuring the energy and arrival time of X-ray photons is presented in this paper.The system mainly co...The readout electronics for a prototype soft X-ray spectrometer based on silicon drift detector(SDD),for precisely measuring the energy and arrival time of X-ray photons is presented in this paper.The system mainly consists of two parts,i.e.,an analog electronics section(including a pre-amplifier,a signal shaper and filter,a constant fraction timing circuit,and a peak hold circuit)and a digital electronics section(including an ADC and a TDC).Test results with X-ray sources show that an energy dynamic range of 1-10 keV with an integral nonlinearity of less than 0.1%can be achieved,and the energy resolution is better than 160 eV @ 5.9 keV FWHM.Using a waveform generator,test results also indicate that time resolution of the electronics system is about 3.7 ns,which is much less than the transit time spread of SDD(<100 ns)and satisfies the requirements of future applications.展开更多
Integral diffraction coefficients of the crystal are the essential data of a crystal spectrometer which is extensively used to measure quantitative x-ray spectra of high temperature plasmas in kilo-electron-volt regio...Integral diffraction coefficients of the crystal are the essential data of a crystal spectrometer which is extensively used to measure quantitative x-ray spectra of high temperature plasmas in kilo-electron-volt region. An experimental method has been developed to measure the integral diffraction coefficients of crystals on beamline 4B7 of Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility. The integral diffraction coefficients of several crystals including polyethylene terephthalate （PET）, thallium acid phthalate （T1AP） and rubidium acid phthalate （RAP） crystals have been measured in the x-ray energy range 2100-5600 eV and compared with the calculations of the ＇Darwin Prins＇ and the ＇Mosaic＇ models. It is shown that the integral diffraction coefficients of these crystals are between the calculations of the ＇Darwin Prins＇ and the ＇Mosaic＇ models, but more close to the ＇Darwin Prins＇ model calculations.展开更多
A new time-resolved shifted dual transmission grating spectrometer （SDTGS） is designed and fabricated in this work. This SDTGS uses a new shifted dual transmission grating （SDTG） as its dispersive component, which...A new time-resolved shifted dual transmission grating spectrometer （SDTGS） is designed and fabricated in this work. This SDTGS uses a new shifted dual transmission grating （SDTG） as its dispersive component, which has two sub transmission gratings with different line densities, of 2000 lines/mm and 5000 lines/mm. The axes of the two sub transmission gratings in SDTG are horizontally and vertically shifted a certain distance to measure a broad range of 0.1-5 keV time-resolved X-ray spectra. The SDTG has been calibrated with a soft X-ray beam of the synchrotron radiation facility and its diffraction efficiency is also measured. The designed SDTGS can take full use of the space on a record panel and improve the precision for measuring spatial and temporal spectrum simultaneously. It will be a promising application for accurate diagnosis of the soft X-ray spectrum in inertial confinement fusion.展开更多
Three ultra-short-period W/B4C multilayers （1.244 nm, 1.235 nm and 1.034 nm） have been fabricated and used for polarization measurement at the 4BTB Beamline at the Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility （BSRF）. By...Three ultra-short-period W/B4C multilayers （1.244 nm, 1.235 nm and 1.034 nm） have been fabricated and used for polarization measurement at the 4BTB Beamline at the Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility （BSRF）. By using the rotating analyzer ellipsometry method, the linear polarization degree of light emerging from this beamline has been measured and the circular polarization evaluated for 700-860 eV. The first soft X-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements are carried out at BSRF by positioning the beamline aperture out of the plane of the electron storage ring.展开更多
We demonstrate the suppression of soft X-ray high harmonics generated by two-color laser pulses interacting with Ne gas in a gas cell. We show that harmonic suppression can occur at the proper combination of the propa...We demonstrate the suppression of soft X-ray high harmonics generated by two-color laser pulses interacting with Ne gas in a gas cell. We show that harmonic suppression can occur at the proper combination of the propagation distance and gas pressure. The physical mechanism behind is the phase mismatch between ＂short＂-trajectory harmonics generated at the early and later times through the interplay of geo- metric phase, dispersion, and plasma effects. In addition, we demonstrate that the position and depth of harmonic suppression can be tuned by increasing the gas pressure. Furthermore, the suppression can be extended to other laser focusing configurations by properly scaling macroscopic parameters. Our investigation reveals a simple controlling soft X-ray Laser Press and novel experimental scheme purely relying on the phase mismatch for selectively tabletop light sources without adopting the filters for applications.展开更多
A laser-produced plasma(LPP) source was built using liquid as target and a Nd:YAG laser as the irradiation laser, and the LPP source's radiation with ethanol and acetone target respectively was measured by an AXUV...A laser-produced plasma(LPP) source was built using liquid as target and a Nd:YAG laser as the irradiation laser, and the LPP source's radiation with ethanol and acetone target respectively was measured by an AXUV100 silicon photodiode combined with a McPHERSON model 247 grazing incidence monochromator of the resolution Δλ≤0.075 nm and the wavelength scanning interval 0.5 nm. Both ethanol and acetone target LPP source had EUV emission at 11～20 nm wavelength. The comparison between the spectra of the two kinds of target materials shows that all the two kinds of target source's spectra are the result of oxygen ions' transitions under current source's parameters, but the spectrum intensity from different target sources is different. The spectra intensity from the ethanol target is higher than that from the acetone target. In addition, the target liquid is forced into the vacuum chamber by the background pressure supported by the connected external high pressure gas, and the influence of the background pressure on the source's intensity is investigated.展开更多
Laser plasmas produced by short-pulse lasers (from femtoseconds to nanoseconds) irradiating on the solid surface are intense soft X-ray (SXR) sources in the range from 100 eV to 2 keV, which are of important applicati...Laser plasmas produced by short-pulse lasers (from femtoseconds to nanoseconds) irradiating on the solid surface are intense soft X-ray (SXR) sources in the range from 100 eV to 2 keV, which are of important applications in X-ray laser researches and structure anal-展开更多
In 2006, except the basic improvement on HL-2A tokamak control system, data acquisition and processing system, a series of research activities have been developed in computer and control division. They include the con...In 2006, except the basic improvement on HL-2A tokamak control system, data acquisition and processing system, a series of research activities have been developed in computer and control division. They include the construction of the high performance computer （HPC） system, the plasma configuration real-time reconstruction with EFIT code, the immigration of plasma simulation codes, the improvement of the poloidal field control system with circulating current, the design of the new data acquiring device with higher anti-disturbing power, the new software on soft X-ray spectrum measurement providing the multi-channel Te evolution, the upgrade to the HL-2A data storage system and experimental net. On the other hand, according to the arrangement of HL-2A modification project, a series of designs such as new plasma configuration, poloidal field coils distribution and plasma shape and position control system are on the processing.展开更多
Al filters with thickness from some hundreds of nanometer to several micrometers are widely used as attenuation and color filters in soft X-ray ranger. Al filters with thickness from 0.3 to 2.5 μm have been made by h...Al filters with thickness from some hundreds of nanometer to several micrometers are widely used as attenuation and color filters in soft X-ray ranger. Al filters with thickness from 0.3 to 2.5 μm have been made by heat or electron beam evaporating at Tongji University and Changchun Institute of Optical and Fine Mechanics. NaCl is展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11205154)
文摘The readout electronics for a prototype soft X-ray spectrometer based on silicon drift detector(SDD),for precisely measuring the energy and arrival time of X-ray photons is presented in this paper.The system mainly consists of two parts,i.e.,an analog electronics section(including a pre-amplifier,a signal shaper and filter,a constant fraction timing circuit,and a peak hold circuit)and a digital electronics section(including an ADC and a TDC).Test results with X-ray sources show that an energy dynamic range of 1-10 keV with an integral nonlinearity of less than 0.1%can be achieved,and the energy resolution is better than 160 eV @ 5.9 keV FWHM.Using a waveform generator,test results also indicate that time resolution of the electronics system is about 3.7 ns,which is much less than the transit time spread of SDD(<100 ns)and satisfies the requirements of future applications.
基金Project supported by the Foundation of National Key Laboratory of High Temperature and Density Plasma Physics(Grant No.9140C6804020704)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.10874156)one of the authors,GanXin-Shi,was also partially supported by the School of Physical Science and Technology in Sichuan University,China
文摘Integral diffraction coefficients of the crystal are the essential data of a crystal spectrometer which is extensively used to measure quantitative x-ray spectra of high temperature plasmas in kilo-electron-volt region. An experimental method has been developed to measure the integral diffraction coefficients of crystals on beamline 4B7 of Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility. The integral diffraction coefficients of several crystals including polyethylene terephthalate （PET）, thallium acid phthalate （T1AP） and rubidium acid phthalate （RAP） crystals have been measured in the x-ray energy range 2100-5600 eV and compared with the calculations of the ＇Darwin Prins＇ and the ＇Mosaic＇ models. It is shown that the integral diffraction coefficients of these crystals are between the calculations of the ＇Darwin Prins＇ and the ＇Mosaic＇ models, but more close to the ＇Darwin Prins＇ model calculations.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11405158 and 11435011)Development Foundation of China Academy of Engineering Physics(Nos.2014B0102011 and 2014B0102012)
文摘A new time-resolved shifted dual transmission grating spectrometer （SDTGS） is designed and fabricated in this work. This SDTGS uses a new shifted dual transmission grating （SDTG） as its dispersive component, which has two sub transmission gratings with different line densities, of 2000 lines/mm and 5000 lines/mm. The axes of the two sub transmission gratings in SDTG are horizontally and vertically shifted a certain distance to measure a broad range of 0.1-5 keV time-resolved X-ray spectra. The SDTG has been calibrated with a soft X-ray beam of the synchrotron radiation facility and its diffraction efficiency is also measured. The designed SDTGS can take full use of the space on a record panel and improve the precision for measuring spatial and temporal spectrum simultaneously. It will be a promising application for accurate diagnosis of the soft X-ray spectrum in inertial confinement fusion.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(11075176, 10435050)
文摘Three ultra-short-period W/B4C multilayers （1.244 nm, 1.235 nm and 1.034 nm） have been fabricated and used for polarization measurement at the 4BTB Beamline at the Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility （BSRF）. By using the rotating analyzer ellipsometry method, the linear polarization degree of light emerging from this beamline has been measured and the circular polarization evaluated for 700-860 eV. The first soft X-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements are carried out at BSRF by positioning the beamline aperture out of the plane of the electron storage ring.
基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(30916011207)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(11774175)+1 种基金U.S. Department of Energy(DOE)(DE-FG02-86ER13491)Air Force Office of Scientific Research(AFOSR)(FA9550-14-1-0255)
文摘We demonstrate the suppression of soft X-ray high harmonics generated by two-color laser pulses interacting with Ne gas in a gas cell. We show that harmonic suppression can occur at the proper combination of the propagation distance and gas pressure. The physical mechanism behind is the phase mismatch between ＂short＂-trajectory harmonics generated at the early and later times through the interplay of geo- metric phase, dispersion, and plasma effects. In addition, we demonstrate that the position and depth of harmonic suppression can be tuned by increasing the gas pressure. Furthermore, the suppression can be extended to other laser focusing configurations by properly scaling macroscopic parameters. Our investigation reveals a simple controlling soft X-ray Laser Press and novel experimental scheme purely relying on the phase mismatch for selectively tabletop light sources without adopting the filters for applications.
文摘A laser-produced plasma(LPP) source was built using liquid as target and a Nd:YAG laser as the irradiation laser, and the LPP source's radiation with ethanol and acetone target respectively was measured by an AXUV100 silicon photodiode combined with a McPHERSON model 247 grazing incidence monochromator of the resolution Δλ≤0.075 nm and the wavelength scanning interval 0.5 nm. Both ethanol and acetone target LPP source had EUV emission at 11～20 nm wavelength. The comparison between the spectra of the two kinds of target materials shows that all the two kinds of target source's spectra are the result of oxygen ions' transitions under current source's parameters, but the spectrum intensity from different target sources is different. The spectra intensity from the ethanol target is higher than that from the acetone target. In addition, the target liquid is forced into the vacuum chamber by the background pressure supported by the connected external high pressure gas, and the influence of the background pressure on the source's intensity is investigated.
基金Project supported partially by the National High Technology Program
文摘Laser plasmas produced by short-pulse lasers (from femtoseconds to nanoseconds) irradiating on the solid surface are intense soft X-ray (SXR) sources in the range from 100 eV to 2 keV, which are of important applications in X-ray laser researches and structure anal-
文摘In 2006, except the basic improvement on HL-2A tokamak control system, data acquisition and processing system, a series of research activities have been developed in computer and control division. They include the construction of the high performance computer （HPC） system, the plasma configuration real-time reconstruction with EFIT code, the immigration of plasma simulation codes, the improvement of the poloidal field control system with circulating current, the design of the new data acquiring device with higher anti-disturbing power, the new software on soft X-ray spectrum measurement providing the multi-channel Te evolution, the upgrade to the HL-2A data storage system and experimental net. On the other hand, according to the arrangement of HL-2A modification project, a series of designs such as new plasma configuration, poloidal field coils distribution and plasma shape and position control system are on the processing.
文摘Al filters with thickness from some hundreds of nanometer to several micrometers are widely used as attenuation and color filters in soft X-ray ranger. Al filters with thickness from 0.3 to 2.5 μm have been made by heat or electron beam evaporating at Tongji University and Changchun Institute of Optical and Fine Mechanics. NaCl is
