The Soft Point and Its Applications in Body Falling

From the mesoscopic point of view,a definition of soft point is introduced by considering the attributes of geometric profile and mass distribution.After that,this concept is used to develop the soft matching technique to simulate the chaotic behaviors of the equations.Especially,a tennis model with deformation factor a(t)is proposed to derive a generalized Newton-Stokes equation v′(t)=λ(v T-a(t)v(t)).Furthermore,a concept of duality of deformation factor a(t)and velocity v(t)with respect to the generalized NewtonStokes equation is established.To solve this equation,two data-driven models of a(t)are provided,one is based on the concept of soft matching,while the other is by using the amplitude modulation.Finally,the related iterative algorithm is developed to simulate the motion of the falling body via the duality of a(t)and v(t).Numerical examples successfully demonstrate the phenomenon of chaos,which consists of the continual random oscillations and sudden accelerations.Moreover,the algorithm is tested by using larger coefficients corresponding to the terminal velocity and shows more satisfactory results.It may enable us to characterize the total energy of the dynamical system more accurately.

Optimal Scheduling for Flexible Regional Integrated Energy Systemwith Soft Open Point

The Regional Integrated Energy System(RIES)has brought new modes of development,utilization,conversion,storage of energy.The introduction of Soft Open Point(SOP)and the application of Power to Gas(P2G)technology will greatly deepen the coupling of the electricity-gas integrated energy system,improve the flexibility and safety of the operation of the power system,and bring a deal of benefits to the power system.On this background,an optimal dispatch model of RIES combined cold,heat,gas and electricity with SOP is proposed.Firstly,RIES architecture with SOP and P2G is designed and its mathematical model also is built.Secondly,on the basis of considering the optimal scheduling of combined cold,heat,gas and electricity,the optimal scheduling model for RIES was established.After that,the original model is transformed into a mixed-integer second-order cone programming model by using linearization and second-order cone relaxation techniques,and the CPLEX solver is invoked to solve the optimization problem.Finally,the modified IEEE 33-bus systemis used to analyze the benefits of SOP,P2G technology and lithium bromide absorption chillers in reducing systemnetwork loss and cost,as well as improving the system’s ability to absorb wind and solar and operating safety.

Dislocated Soft Metric Space with Soft Fixed Point Theorems

In the present paper, we define Dislocated Soft Metric Space and discuss about the existence and uniqueness of soft fixed point of a cyclic mapping in soft dislocated metric space. We also prove the unique soft fixed point theorems of a cyclic mapping in the context of dislocated soft metric space. Examples are given for support of the results.

TREATMENT OF SOFT TISSUE INJURY BY PUNCTURING CLEFT-POINTS

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effect of acupuncture of "Xi" (Cleft) points in treatment of soft tissue injury. Methods: 335 cases of soft tissue injury patients were divided into Cleft point group (264 cases) and Ashi point group (control group, 71 cases) randomly. In Cleft point group, the 16 Cleft points were used in combination with Ahshi points. In control group, only local Ahshi points were punctured. The treatment was conducted once every day, with 5 sessions being a therapeutic course. After 2 courses of treatment, the therapeutic effect was analyzed. Results: Results showed that the therapeutic effect of cleft point group was significantly better than that of control group (P<0.05), particularly in treatment of acute soft tissue. Conclusion: Cleft point acupuncture has a better therapeutic effect in treatment of soft tissue injury in comparison with Ashi point.

OBSERVATION ON THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS OF ACUTE SPRAIN OF SOFT TISSUE TREATED BY ACUPUNCTURE AT PRESSURE PAIN POINTS

In the present paper,70 cases of acute sprain of soft tissue were treated withacupuncture at pressure pain points on the lateral of the second metacarpal bone.Results showedthat the cure rate was 58.6％ and the total effective rate was 94.3％.Also,its mechanisms werestudied preliminarily.The present therapy is simple,convenient,easy to operate and it producesrapidly desired effects with a higher cure rate,so it is suited to be popularized clinically.

主动配电网潮流的全纯嵌入计算方法

配电网潮流计算是进行配电网规划和运行的重要基础。目前,配电网潮流求解方法主要有牛拉(Newton Raphson,NR)法和前推回代(forward backward substitution,FBS)法两大类,但NR法和FBS法在潮流收敛性和计算效率等方面均存在一定的不足。全纯嵌入法(holomorphic embedding method,HEM)是一种求解非线性潮流方程的新方法,它可以有效避免NR法和FBS法在配电网潮流求解过程中出现的上述问题,但现有HEM未充分考虑配电网中各类型分布式电源(distributed generation,DG)和智能软开关(soft open point,SOP)控制方式的多样性,且未构建计及负荷电压特性和频率特性的潮流模型,难以适用于不同运行模式下配电网潮流计算。针对上述问题,提出一种可求解含多类型DG和SOP且可运行在并网/孤岛模式的主动配电网统一全纯嵌入潮流计算方法。首先,根据负荷静态电压和频率特性,构建计及配电网频率和节点电压影响的负荷节点全纯嵌入潮流模型;其次,根据DG不同的控制方式以及配电网不同的运行模式,将DG所连节点等效为不同节点类型,构建各类DG的全纯嵌入潮流模型;再次,考虑SOP不同控制方式,构建SOP全纯嵌入潮流模型;从次,依据全纯嵌入潮流模型等式左右两侧同次幂级数系数相等原则,推导配电网各全纯函数幂级数系数的求解递推关系式,进而计算各全纯函数的各项幂级数系数,借助解析延拓理论求取电压和频率逼近值,实现配电网潮流的准确求解;最后,通过修改的IEEE-33节点测试系统和IEEE-123节点测试系统验证所提方法准确性和有效性。

含SOP的交直流混合配电网日前优化调度

为实现交直流混合配电网的高效运行,提出一种含智能软开关的交直流配电网优化调度方法。在对应用于交直流配电网的智能软开关工作原理进行阐述的基础上,建立含智能软开关的交直流配电网优化调度模型。通过线性化和凸松弛技术,将所建立的非线性优化模型转化为二阶锥规划模型,并且采用改进的50节点算例分析验证模型的有效性。算例结果表明,基于所建模型得到的智能软开关运行策略能够降低配电网运行损耗及改善电压越限的情况,显著提高混合配电网的经济性。

多电压等级配电系统智能软开关协同配置

配电网逐步发展成为光伏、电动汽车等新型源荷的主要承载平台,面临的电压越限和线路过载等问题逐步加剧。柔性配电装置具有良好的调控能力,成为提高配电网运行灵活性的有效手段。已有的柔性化升级主要面向中压或低压配电网,多电压等级配电网柔性互联的潜力被忽视。因此,该文开展多电压等级配电系统智能软开关协同配置方法研究。首先,提出多电压等级配电系统智能软开关协同配置策略;其次,在计及源荷不确定性影响下,考虑源荷典型场景的概率化波动,建立多电压等级配电系统智能软开关协同配置模型。最后,为实现大规模优化配置模型的可靠收敛,采用凸差规划算法进行求解。选取实际配电网算例对优化配置模型和求解算法进行验证,结果表明,所提方法可以有效解决多电压等级配电系统智能软开关协同配置问题,支撑配电网承载高比例新型源荷,在提高系统运行安全性的同时具有更好的经济效益。

考虑可平移负荷和智能软开关的主动配电网故障恢复方法

在配电网发生故障后,主动配电网能够实现用户侧参与功率的实时供需平衡,满足故障后的负荷恢复。用户参与配电网的调度也是提升故障后负荷恢复比例的途径之一,可平移负荷具有较强的可控性,有效提升了主动配电网的灵活性,智能软开关等新兴可控设备的接入,也使负荷的快速供电成为可能。本文建立了考虑可平移负荷和智能软开关的主动配电网故障恢复模型,并考虑了负荷的重要性系数。通过改进的IEEE 33节点算例进行仿真分析,构建单一故障、多点故障、短时故障的场景,验证了本文所提出方法的有效性以及可控装置对故障后负荷恢复量的提升。

煤层瓦斯含量测定技术及装备研究进展

瓦斯含量是煤与瓦斯突出危险预测、煤层瓦斯资源量估算、矿井瓦斯治理工程设计的重要参数。围绕如何在大区域准确快速测定煤层瓦斯含量,依托国家科技重大专项、国家自然科学基金和煤炭企业联合基金等项目科技攻关,在取样、测试方面取得了一定进展。主要表现在如下4个方面:①煤层瓦斯含量测定取样经历了孔口接样、岩心管定点取样、压力引射定点取样和密闭取样4个阶段,密闭取样装备保压能力达到11.5 MPa,煤心直径达到38 mm;②针对不同煤层地质条件,发展形成了顺煤层定向长钻孔密闭取样、底板穿层钻孔密闭取样和顶(底)板梳状定向长钻孔密闭取样3种取样技术;③在河南焦作和山西晋城矿区硬煤层中,顺层定向长钻孔取样深度达到516 m,密闭取样法测得煤层瓦斯含量较常规取样法分别平均提高了0.44倍和1.04倍。在安徽淮南矿区碎软煤层中,穿层钻孔密闭取样深度达到209 m,测得煤层瓦斯含量较常规取样法平均提高了0.26倍;在安徽淮北矿区碎软煤层中,顶(底)板梳状钻孔密闭取样深度达到484 m,测得煤层瓦斯含量较常规取样法平均提高了0.19倍,密闭取样法在煤层瓦斯含量测定精度、探测范围上优于常规取样法;④在瓦斯含量测试方面,除了传统解吸法测试,发展了系列煤矿井下瓦斯含量快速测试装备,可实现最快30 min内测得煤层瓦斯含量,一般用于百米孔内的瓦斯含量测试。提出了煤层瓦斯含量测定密闭取样装备需向小型化、轻量化的方向发展,并能实现随钻密闭取样。在测试上,应根据实际情况确定合理的解吸终止限,并将测试装备和密闭取样装备进一步结合,以实现深孔瓦斯含量快速准确测定。密闭取样技术已成为煤层瓦斯含量大区域精准勘查、预测的主要手段,是煤炭安全高效开采的重要技术保障。

前景导向的主动配电网智能储能软开关规划方法

分布式可再生能源大量并网成为必然趋势,合理的设备规划可以提升配电系统运行灵活性,保证可再生能源的有效消纳。智能储能软开关(soft open points integrated with energy storage system,ESOP)具有时空双尺度运行灵活性,有利于分布式能源并网。因此,考虑规划决策者不完全理性特点,提出一种配电网ESOP规划方法。首先,建立了含ESOP的配电网运行模型;然后,提取出多种面向高渗透率可再生能源并网下的ESOP规划经济性指标;最后,基于前景理论描述不完全理性特征,构建了配电网功率损失减少、购电成本减少、弃风弃光惩罚减少及投资成本属性的前景值模型,以年度综合前景值最大为目标构建ESOP的规划模型。通过线性化凸松弛等手段将原规划模型转化为混合整数二阶锥规划模型。改进的IEEE33节点系统与实际配电网算例结果表明,ESOP可以通过时序特性和柔性互联特性提升配电网消纳能力和运行经济性;同时,决策者对于各属性的重视程度和期望值会对规划结果产生影响。

考虑配电网灵活性的分布鲁棒优化调度

针对新能源占比不断增加导致的配电网线路过载和灵活性不足问题,提出一种考虑配电网灵活性的分布鲁棒优化调度方法。首先,考虑节点灵活性资源的功率支撑作用、网络灵活性资源智能软开关的系统潮流优化,提高配电网灵活运行能力;其次,考虑供需平衡和功率传输能力提出了灵活性裕度和线路容量裕度灵活性评价指标;然后,以灵活性裕度、线路容量裕度最优和运行成本最小为目标,构建基于数据驱动的两阶段分布鲁棒优化模型,通过列与约束生成算法对模型求解。最后,通过算例仿真验证了所提模型对提升配电网经济灵活运行的有效性。

考虑光伏出力时变性的配电网短时供电恢复策略

随着配电网的建设和发展,以光伏为代表的分布式电源(distributed generation,DG)的渗透率逐渐提高,能为配电网的供电恢复提供短时支撑。然而,分布式电源出力的随机性给供电恢复的可靠性带来了新的挑战,可能造成已恢复区域出现二次甩负荷现象。基于此,文章以光伏为例,利用时变性衡量随机性,提出了一种考虑分布式电源出力时变性的配电网短时供电恢复策略。建立考虑SOP的配电网供电恢复模型;以该供电恢复模型为基础,基于光伏出力预测的配电网供电恢复策略的原理,以改进的IEEE-33节点模型为例,验证所提策略能降低光伏出力时变性对供电恢复可靠性的影响。结果表明所提策略能够提高故障后恢复方案的调用速度,对提高配电网供电恢复的可靠性具有积极意义。

基于线路阻抗特性的SOP低电压穿越控制策略

分布式新能源出力具有波动性,且接入位置不均匀,当其规模化接入配电网后将增大发生故障的概率。在配电网发生故障时,增强并网电力电子设备的低电压穿越(low voltage ride through,LVRT)性能是保障配电网稳定运行的技术关键,已成为当前研究热点之一。以柔性互联配电网中的柔性电力电子开关(soft open point,SOP)为对象,结合配电网馈线线路阻抗特性,提出一种基于线路阻抗特性的SOP LVRT控制策略。首先,分析线路阻抗对换流器接入公共耦合点(point of common coupling,PCC)电压的影响,并推导出利用换流器注入功率抬升电压的机理;其次,提出基于馈线出线侧及换流器本地量测数据的PCC点至故障点的线路等效阻抗测量方法;然后,构建基于阻抗测量法的SOP LVRT整体策略;最后,在PSCAD仿真平台上验证所提控制策略,结果表明,在不同电压跌落范围内,所提SOP LVRT控制策略能同时补偿有功功率和无功功率,较仅采用无功补偿能更明显提升PCC电压水平。

考虑闭式潮流优化分布的主动配电网供电恢复方法

主动配电网具有灵活的调节能力和快速可靠的运行能力,但柔性多状态开关(SOP)、分布式电源等多种设备的存在,使供电恢复模型复杂,需要研究故障后供电恢复快速决策方法。提出了一种考虑闭式潮流优化分布的主动配电网负荷恢复方案快速决策方法。模拟故障切除后配电网所有联络开关闭式运行状态,基于二阶锥规划求解最优潮流,退出电压低、传输功率小的线路,形成利于供电恢复的配电网含SOP良性网络拓扑。建立基于负荷的功率因数与分级负荷权重的负荷恢复模型,制定负荷供电恢复方案,保证失电负荷严格按优先级获得最大的恢复水平。通过IEEE33、IEEE69节点配电系统进行算例分析,结果表明所提方法能兼顾计算的准确性和快速性。

基于四桥臂智能软开关的柔性互联配电台区三相不平衡与轻重载综合调控策略

随着分布式能源与随机负荷的大量接入,配电台区三相负荷不平衡与变压器轻重载运行问题日益突出,这将威胁台区安全可靠运行。然而,既有关于互联台区的研究鲜有兼顾三相不平衡与轻重载运行问题的综合治理。对此,该文提出一种基于四桥臂智能软开关(four-leg soft open point,F-SOP)的柔性互联配电台区三相不平衡与轻重载综合调控策略。首先,分析了F-SOP和变压器的综合损耗特性,结果表明不平衡度和负载率均会影响设备运行效率;其次,建立三相不平衡与轻重载综合调控策略模型,设立变压器输出功率不平衡度与负载率的指标约束,以系统综合损耗最小为优化目标求解F-SOP最优调控指令。接着,针对F-SOP拓扑架构及其功率调控的需求,提出一种改进对等控制方法,进一步提高F-SOP稳定性能与动态性能,确保综合调控策略的实现。最后,通过算例分析与仿真实验验证了所提综合调控策略的有效性和可行性。

考虑路网-电网耦合的移动式储能软开关与多资源协同供电恢复策略

受限于车身空间容量限制和单一的工作模式,既有柴发型和储能型等移动式应急装备(mobile equipment for emergency,MEE)存在续航能力差、工能单一、闲置率高等弊端。如何改造既有装备,发掘或拓展其功能模式以提高其参与供电恢复的效果是当前亟待解决的问题。为此,突破传统应急装备仅能单端入网的思维,结合多端柔性互联装置与MEE的优势,提出了一种移动式储能软开关(energystored vehicle with soft open point,ESV-SOP),并详细阐述了其装备架构及工作原理,讨论了其在多种工况下的运行工作模式。同时,基于其独特的工作特性及多端口入网方式,进一步设计了面向ESV-SOP与多资源协同供电的恢复策略。首先,建立ESV-SOP多种工作模式柔性切换的数学模型及其约束。考虑灾后路网承载力变化对ESV-SOP调度的影响,提出了一种适用动态路网-配电网耦合结构的ESV-SOP移动路径表征方法。接着,在计及配电网网络重构、ESV-SOP调度、多类资源运行的基础上,综合考虑投资成本、失电经济损失、新能源消纳率等目标,设计了所提策略求解流程。最后,基于IEEE 33和IEEE 69节点系统分别验证所提ESV-SOP及其供电恢复策略的有效性与先进性。

Synergetic optimization operation method for distribution network based on SOP and PV

The integration of distributed generation brings in new challenges for the operation of distribution networks,including out-of-limit voltage and power flow control.Soft open points(SOP)are new power electronic devices that can flexibly control active and reactive power flows.With the exception of active power output,photovoltaic(PV)devices can provide reactive power compensation through an inverter.Thus,a synergetic optimization operation method for SOP and PV in a distribution network is proposed.A synergetic optimization model was developed.The voltage deviation,network loss,and ratio of photovoltaic abandonment were selected as the objective functions.The PV model was improved by considering the three reactive power output modes of the PV inverter.Both the load fluctuation and loss of the SOP were considered.Three multi-objective optimization algorithms were used,and a compromise optimal solution was calculated.Case studies were conducted using an IEEE 33-node system.The simulation results indicated that the SOP and PVs complemented each other in terms of active power transmission and reactive power compensation.Synergetic optimization improves power control capability and flexibility,providing better power quality and PV consumption rate.

延时影响下智能软开关控制器硬件在环测试准确性分析

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