Soft-switching Grid-connected PV Inverter With Interleaved Flyback Topology

提出一种应用于单个光伏组件的软开关交错反激并网逆变器拓扑及其软开关控制策略。针对反激变压器漏感问题，提出漏感能量吸收回馈电路，实现了漏感能量吸收再利用，并实现了开关管漏源电压的钳位，提高了变换效率同时降低了开关管关断电压尖峰；提出基于数字处理器的反激变换器变开关频率谐振软开关控制策略，实现了开关管的零电压开通，同时改善了逆变器的电磁兼容特性；提出的交错并联反激逆变器有助于减小变压器和滤波器的体积，提高功率密度。详细分析变换器的工作原理，分析变开关频率谐振软开关控制方式的原理和实现条件，最后进行实验验证。

Reducing the minimum output power of soft-switching inverter arc welding power supplies

The full-bridge zero-voltage and zero-current switching inverter, which can adjust the output power by keeping the duty-cycle of lagging arm constant, changing the duty-cycle of leading arm, is a common circuit topology of soft-switching inverter arc welding power supplies. However, the output power still remains a certain value when the duty-cycle of leading arm decreases to zero. The working-mode of soft-switching inverter and the waveforms of major parameters with the condition of duty-cycle of leading arm being zero are studied in this paper. U-1 characteristic experiments prove that the minimum output power of soft-switching circuit, which depends on the charged voltage of capacitors in parallel with leading arm, can be decreased by reducing the duty-cycle of lagging arm. By switching working-modes between half-bridge and full-bridge, the output power can swing from zero to the power rating.

Analysis of Soft-Switched High Frequency AC-AC Converter for Induction Motor Drive

The systematic mathematical analysis of the high frequency soft-switched AC-AC converter is proposed for variable frequency induction machine load in this paper. Both PWM and square-wave modes of operation have been considered. The frequency relation and phase unbalance problem due to discrete time integral half-cycle switching has been discussed in the beginning. Then, generalized Fourier series have been derived for output voltage, output current and supply current in two modes.The analytical results help to understand tbe converter characteristics, design optimally a convertermachine system of arbitrary capacity considering the various trade-off parameters.

LIMITATION OF SOFT-SWITCHING TECHNIQUE IN AC/DC POWER CONVERTER'S EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT

Soft-switching techniques are attractive to unity-power-factor AC/DC converter in the view of the size reduction and EMI suppression. A soft-switched boost PFC converter has been studied based on its topology analysis, PSIM simulation and circuit experiment. A special limitation of soft-switching techniques has been found in their AC/DC applications.

RESEARCH & DESIGN OF 60 kW SOFT-SWITCHING PLASMA CONVERTER

A novel 60 kW plasma converter with full range soft-switch by utilizing magnetizing inductance, leakage inductance and distributed inductance is introduced. The current injection phase-shifting technique is introduced into the research of soft-switching plasma converter successfully. The magnetic bias of transformer and the protection of switching parts are solved. The tests state that the power supply has excellent characteristics and higher efficiency and can meet the demand of large power plasma process well.

COMPUTERIZED SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON SOFT-SWITCHING ARC WELDING INVERTER POWER SOURCE

Based on the existing component models in the Pspice software package, a combined model for Insulat- ed the Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) is established, in which a non - linear is introduced to represent the parasitic capacitance. Using this model, computerized simulation is conducted for the FB - ZVZCS - PWM soft - ewitching converter,the switching and energy-transferring characteristics of the components are analyzed.The simulation results are testified by experiments.It is proved that by abopting appropriate models,computerized simulation becomes an effective tool for investigation of arc welding inverter power source.

Multi-mode controller IC for soft-switched flyback converter with high efficiency over the entire load range

This paper presents a multi-mode control scheme for a soft-switched flyback converter to achieve high efficiency and excellent load regulation over the entire load range. At heavy load, critical conduction mode with valley switching (CCMVS) is employed to realize soft switching so as to reduce turn-on loss of power switch as well as conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI). At light load, the converter operates in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) with valley switching and adaptive off-time control (AOT) to limit the switching frequency range and maintain load regulation. At extremely light load or in standby mode, burst mode operation is adopted to provide low power consumption through reducing both switching frequency and static power dissipation of the controller. The multi-mode control is implemented by an oscillator whose pulse duration is adjusted by output feedback. An accurate valley switching control circuit guarantees the minimum turn-on voltage drop of power switch. The pro-totype of the controller IC was fabricated in a 1.5-μm BiCMOS process and applied to a 310 V/20 V, 90 W flyback DC/DC converter circuitry. Experimental results showed that all expected functions were realized successfully. The flyback converter achieved a high efficiency of over 80% from full load down to 2.5 W, with the maximum reaching 88.8%, while the total power consumption in standby mode was about 300 mW.

Simulation on Soft-Switching PWM Converter with High Power Factor

A new PWM converter based on soft switching is introduced. The converter uses a minimum number of devices, and requires less switching operations than conventional techniques. Switching is realized solely in a ZVS (zero voltage switching) mode, therefore the loss is reduced and EMI (electromagnetic interference) is suppressed. The paper analyzes the operation of ZVS, and discusses the methods for maintaining a unit power factor and constant DC voltage. Changing the modulation index M and the phase angle θ keeps the input current in phase with the voltage. It also keeps the current sinusoidal, and ensures a constant output voltage.

Design and Experimentation of FPGA-Based Soft-Switched Interleaved Boost Converter for Telecommunication System

This paper proposes the design and experimentation of digital control of soft-switched interleaved boost converter using FPGA for Telecommunication System. The switching devices in the proposed converter are turned on and off with Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) and Zero Current Switching (ZCS) respectively. The circuit is operated in Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM) with various load ranges having duty cycle of more than 50%. The proposed converter is studied by developing the simulation module in MATLAB/SIMULINK. A PI controller is designed and implemented in FPGA to obtain a regulated DC output for line and load variations. Simulation and experimentation results are verified with a prototype development of the proposed converter. The results indicate that the converter performance is enhanced with closed loop control.

一种基于耦合电感的高增益软开关谐振变换器

该文提出了一种具有高增益、软开关的新型谐振变换器。该谐振变换器使用耦合电感来提高电压增益,升压比不仅取决于占空比,还取决于耦合电感的变比,具有高增益的优点。此外,由于采用了有源钳位技术,漏感中的能量可以被回收利用,用来对开关管的结电容充放电提供能量,从而实现软开关。由于采用了耦合电感,所提出的变换器可以在较低的开关管电压应力的情况下实现较高的输出电压,因此可以使用低导通电阻的低压器件,从而提升系统的效率。该文分析了该谐振变换器的工作原理,并推导了输出电压、关断电流应力等参数的解析表达式。在此基础上,从理论上分析了该变换器取得软开关的条件,并对该变换器的各个器件的电压电流应力进行分析,为器件选型提供了理论依据。最后,搭建1kW实验样机,针对该文提出的基于耦合电感的谐振变换器的高增益、软开关、低电压应力、高效率等性能进行了实验验证。通过实验得出所提出的拓扑可以在10倍增益的情况下达到最高97.5%的效率,表明所提拓扑的优越性。

轻载工况下基于效率优化的双向无线电能传输系统半桥调制策略

针对基于全桥拓扑的双向双LCC无线充电系统调制策略在轻载工况下功率因数和效率下降严重的问题,该文在不改变全桥结构的基础上,提出一种半桥调制策略。首先对双向双LCC补偿电路进行通态效率建模,并定量分析影响效率的关键变量及其约束条件,从而为调制策略的优化提供理论依据;在此基础上,对所提双边半桥调制策略的工作原理、正导通角优化关系及软开关实现条件进行详细分析,证明该策略在保证开关器件零电压导通的同时,可显著减小外移相角,从而有效提高系统的功率因数和运行效率;最后,搭建3.3 kW的双向无线电能传输系统样机进行对比实验,实验结果表明,所提半桥调制策略在1/4满载及以下的轻载工况下效率最高可达95.6%,且在输出电压宽范围变化时都能够取得明显的优化效果。

一种低电流纹波高增益软开关直流变换器

提出了一种应用于新能源发电系统的低电流纹波高增益软开关直流变换器。在传统交错Boost变换器基础上,该变换器通过引入耦合电感和二极管、电容升压单元提高电压增益,耦合电感在整个开关周期过程中都传递能量,提高了磁芯利用率。输入侧工作在交错模式,两相电感电流纹波可以相互抵消,从而获得较低的输入电流纹波。由于耦合电感自身漏感的存在,减轻了整流二极管反向恢复问题,同时采用有源钳位电路回收利用漏感能量,实现了所有开关管零电压软开关,抑制了开关管关断电压尖峰,提高了变换器转换效率。详细分析了变换器的工作原理、电路特性以及软开关实现方法。最后,搭建了一台200 W的试验样机验证了理论分析的正确性。

基于改进型ZVT Buck电路的IPT充电系统设计

为了避免在感应式无线电能传输系统的耦合机构中增加多余的开关器件以及额外的无源元件,同时减小系统工作在高频率、大功率时全控型开关器件存在的开关损耗,提出基于改进型ZVT Buck电路闭环控制的方法实现对电池的恒流、恒压充电,通过分析改进型ZVT Buck电路的工作模态以及对电路参数的设计,确保在整个充电过程中DC-DC变换器均工作在软开关状态,最后搭建充电电流为35 A、充电电压为370 V的实验平台验证该方法的可行性。结果表明:该方法控制简单,并且降低了系统电路结构的复杂度,传输效率相对较高,能够满足恒流恒压充电需求。

直流变换器广义对偶与相通性探讨

提出严格对偶和广义对偶的概念,探讨直流变换器的对偶性与相通性。对于三大类直流变换器,即Buck类、Boost类、Buck-Boost类变换器,包括隔离型和非隔离型,推导其严格对偶变换器,并分析可能存在的广义对偶变换器。对于一个已知的基本变换器,发现存在3个与其对偶的变换器,其中一个为严格对偶,两个为广义对偶。采用相通性,分析组合变换器与基本变换器之间的关联及在变换器推演上用到的相似处理方法,有利于变换器拓展与延伸。将软开关直流变换器看作是直流变换器与软开关电路的组合,可采用对偶与相通的方法对其进行研究。重点研究准谐振变换器的广义对偶与严格对偶,简要分析其余软开关直流变换器的对偶性。最后,通过分析直流变换器和软开关直流变换器仿真波形上的对偶性,验证理论分析的正确性。

高频链AC-DC矩阵变换器的变控制频率软开关调制策略

针对高频链AC-DC矩阵变换器的高效率要求,提出了一种变控制频率软开关调制策略。该调制策略在基于零矢量嵌入的分段同步控制策略基础上,以单控制周期平均功率不变为原则,通过改变控制周期长度,并调整一个控制周期内的电压矢量排布,优化脉冲宽度,使变换器在换流时全部开关器件的零电压开通成为可能。通过仿真分析和实验证明,采用本文提出的变控制频率调制策略,变换器在整流和逆变模式下,均可实现网侧电流三相平衡正弦,功率因数达到0.981,输出电压纹波小,最高效率达到96.9%,实现了高性能、高效率运行。

基于能量模型的临界导通模式Boost变换器软开关方法

在变换器高频化发展的趋势中,功率器件的软开关实现对变换效率的影响更加突出。无辅助电路的临界导通工作模式下,Boost变换器主开关管在特定增益下无法实现软开关。为此,该文提出一种能量模型及相应的软开关实现方法。首先,建立死区前后储能元件能量变化的数学模型。然后,结合死区起止时刻的能量平衡方程,研究软开关无法实现的电路机理。在此基础上,考虑开关管输出电容非线性特征,提出软开关实现方法,避免了复杂谐振过程的时域精确建模,提高软开关实现的准确性。最后,搭建500W实验样机进行实验,结果表明,相较于对谐振过程建模的传统时域模型,所提方法将实际开通电压降低47%,使峰值变换效率提升0.4%,进而验证了其有效性。

宽增益高效率级联式四开关Buck-Boost LLC变换器

为了解决变频控制的桥臂共用型四开关Buck-BoostLLC级联变换器磁性元件设计和优化困难的问题,提出一种二次侧为特殊全桥整流结构的级联式四开关Buck-Boost LLC变换器。通过控制二次侧开关管的交叠导通时间以拓宽变换器的电压增益。该变换器可根据不同的输入电压范围工作在交叠模式和整流模式;在不改变变换器参数的条件下将增益显著提高,能够适应更宽范围的输入电压,同时保持了变换器较高的工作效率。在两种工作模式的基础上,采用移相控制使变换器所有开关管实现零电压导通(ZVS),二极管实现零电流关断(ZCS)。结合状态平面轨迹分析法,对定频控制的级联式四开关Buck-Boost LLC变换器进行模态分析,并推导两种工作模式下的输入-输出表达式和开关管的软开关实现条件。最后,通过研制一台70~280 V输入、240 W/28 V输出的实验样机,验证了理论分析的正确性。

定频移相控制六开关双谐振变换器研究

针对传统频率控制的LLC谐振变换器在宽电压应用中电压调节性能差且循环电流较大的问题,设计一种六开关双谐振LLC变换器。该变换器由2个全桥LLC谐振变换器共用1个桥臂混合组成。相较于传统的频率控制,该变换器采用定频移相控制调节输出电压,减小开关频率范围。根据2个变压器连接方式的不同,变换器有2种拓扑形态。当2个变压器顺极性串联时,变换器的增益范围为0~1,可以实现超宽输出电压;当2个变压器反极性串联时,变换器的增益范围为1~2,在工作过程中具有较小的环流损耗。2种拓扑形态下,原边开关管和副边二极管分别实现ZVS开通和ZCS关断。最后,通过Simulink仿真和实验验证了研究内容的有效性。

宽输入电压范围的软开关四路均流LED驱动器

为了应对LED的不同输入电压等级应用场合,提出了一种具有宽输入电压范围的四路LED驱动器。该驱动器将Buck-Boost结构集成到全桥网络中,通过不同的开关组合工作在不同的模式,从而获得宽增益。采用无源均流方式实现了四路LED输出均流。由于驱动器的工作特性,开关管无需添加无损缓冲电路即可在全范围内实现零电压开通。详细分析了该驱动器的调制策略、工作原理和性能。最后,搭建了一个69 W的实验样机,实验结果表明该驱动器的输入电压范围为17 V~216 V,均流误差低于3.7%,最大效率可达97.8%。