Soft-switching Grid-connected PV Inverter With Interleaved Flyback Topology

提出一种应用于单个光伏组件的软开关交错反激并网逆变器拓扑及其软开关控制策略。针对反激变压器漏感问题，提出漏感能量吸收回馈电路，实现了漏感能量吸收再利用，并实现了开关管漏源电压的钳位，提高了变换效率同时降低了开关管关断电压尖峰；提出基于数字处理器的反激变换器变开关频率谐振软开关控制策略，实现了开关管的零电压开通，同时改善了逆变器的电磁兼容特性；提出的交错并联反激逆变器有助于减小变压器和滤波器的体积，提高功率密度。详细分析变换器的工作原理，分析变开关频率谐振软开关控制方式的原理和实现条件，最后进行实验验证。

Multi-mode controller IC for soft-switched flyback converter with high efficiency over the entire load range

This paper presents a multi-mode control scheme for a soft-switched flyback converter to achieve high efficiency and excellent load regulation over the entire load range. At heavy load, critical conduction mode with valley switching (CCMVS) is employed to realize soft switching so as to reduce turn-on loss of power switch as well as conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI). At light load, the converter operates in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) with valley switching and adaptive off-time control (AOT) to limit the switching frequency range and maintain load regulation. At extremely light load or in standby mode, burst mode operation is adopted to provide low power consumption through reducing both switching frequency and static power dissipation of the controller. The multi-mode control is implemented by an oscillator whose pulse duration is adjusted by output feedback. An accurate valley switching control circuit guarantees the minimum turn-on voltage drop of power switch. The pro-totype of the controller IC was fabricated in a 1.5-μm BiCMOS process and applied to a 310 V/20 V, 90 W flyback DC/DC converter circuitry. Experimental results showed that all expected functions were realized successfully. The flyback converter achieved a high efficiency of over 80% from full load down to 2.5 W, with the maximum reaching 88.8%, while the total power consumption in standby mode was about 300 mW.

Reducing the minimum output power of soft-switching inverter arc welding power supplies

The full-bridge zero-voltage and zero-current switching inverter, which can adjust the output power by keeping the duty-cycle of lagging arm constant, changing the duty-cycle of leading arm, is a common circuit topology of soft-switching inverter arc welding power supplies. However, the output power still remains a certain value when the duty-cycle of leading arm decreases to zero. The working-mode of soft-switching inverter and the waveforms of major parameters with the condition of duty-cycle of leading arm being zero are studied in this paper. U-1 characteristic experiments prove that the minimum output power of soft-switching circuit, which depends on the charged voltage of capacitors in parallel with leading arm, can be decreased by reducing the duty-cycle of lagging arm. By switching working-modes between half-bridge and full-bridge, the output power can swing from zero to the power rating.

Analysis of Soft-Switched High Frequency AC-AC Converter for Induction Motor Drive

The systematic mathematical analysis of the high frequency soft-switched AC-AC converter is proposed for variable frequency induction machine load in this paper. Both PWM and square-wave modes of operation have been considered. The frequency relation and phase unbalance problem due to discrete time integral half-cycle switching has been discussed in the beginning. Then, generalized Fourier series have been derived for output voltage, output current and supply current in two modes.The analytical results help to understand tbe converter characteristics, design optimally a convertermachine system of arbitrary capacity considering the various trade-off parameters.

LIMITATION OF SOFT-SWITCHING TECHNIQUE IN AC/DC POWER CONVERTER'S EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT

Soft-switching techniques are attractive to unity-power-factor AC/DC converter in the view of the size reduction and EMI suppression. A soft-switched boost PFC converter has been studied based on its topology analysis, PSIM simulation and circuit experiment. A special limitation of soft-switching techniques has been found in their AC/DC applications.

RESEARCH & DESIGN OF 60 kW SOFT-SWITCHING PLASMA CONVERTER

A novel 60 kW plasma converter with full range soft-switch by utilizing magnetizing inductance, leakage inductance and distributed inductance is introduced. The current injection phase-shifting technique is introduced into the research of soft-switching plasma converter successfully. The magnetic bias of transformer and the protection of switching parts are solved. The tests state that the power supply has excellent characteristics and higher efficiency and can meet the demand of large power plasma process well.

COMPUTERIZED SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON SOFT-SWITCHING ARC WELDING INVERTER POWER SOURCE

Based on the existing component models in the Pspice software package, a combined model for Insulat- ed the Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) is established, in which a non - linear is introduced to represent the parasitic capacitance. Using this model, computerized simulation is conducted for the FB - ZVZCS - PWM soft - ewitching converter,the switching and energy-transferring characteristics of the components are analyzed.The simulation results are testified by experiments.It is proved that by abopting appropriate models,computerized simulation becomes an effective tool for investigation of arc welding inverter power source.

Simulation on Soft-Switching PWM Converter with High Power Factor

A new PWM converter based on soft switching is introduced. The converter uses a minimum number of devices, and requires less switching operations than conventional techniques. Switching is realized solely in a ZVS (zero voltage switching) mode, therefore the loss is reduced and EMI (electromagnetic interference) is suppressed. The paper analyzes the operation of ZVS, and discusses the methods for maintaining a unit power factor and constant DC voltage. Changing the modulation index M and the phase angle θ keeps the input current in phase with the voltage. It also keeps the current sinusoidal, and ensures a constant output voltage.

Design and Experimentation of FPGA-Based Soft-Switched Interleaved Boost Converter for Telecommunication System

This paper proposes the design and experimentation of digital control of soft-switched interleaved boost converter using FPGA for Telecommunication System. The switching devices in the proposed converter are turned on and off with Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) and Zero Current Switching (ZCS) respectively. The circuit is operated in Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM) with various load ranges having duty cycle of more than 50%. The proposed converter is studied by developing the simulation module in MATLAB/SIMULINK. A PI controller is designed and implemented in FPGA to obtain a regulated DC output for line and load variations. Simulation and experimentation results are verified with a prototype development of the proposed converter. The results indicate that the converter performance is enhanced with closed loop control.

一种基于耦合电感的高增益软开关谐振变换器

该文提出了一种具有高增益、软开关的新型谐振变换器。该谐振变换器使用耦合电感来提高电压增益,升压比不仅取决于占空比,还取决于耦合电感的变比,具有高增益的优点。此外,由于采用了有源钳位技术,漏感中的能量可以被回收利用,用来对开关管的结电容充放电提供能量,从而实现软开关。由于采用了耦合电感,所提出的变换器可以在较低的开关管电压应力的情况下实现较高的输出电压,因此可以使用低导通电阻的低压器件,从而提升系统的效率。该文分析了该谐振变换器的工作原理,并推导了输出电压、关断电流应力等参数的解析表达式。在此基础上,从理论上分析了该变换器取得软开关的条件,并对该变换器的各个器件的电压电流应力进行分析,为器件选型提供了理论依据。最后,搭建1kW实验样机,针对该文提出的基于耦合电感的谐振变换器的高增益、软开关、低电压应力、高效率等性能进行了实验验证。通过实验得出所提出的拓扑可以在10倍增益的情况下达到最高97.5%的效率,表明所提拓扑的优越性。

基于双模式变频移相调制的单级式双有源桥型DC-AC变换器

针对单级式双有源桥(DAB)型DC-AC变换器关断电流较大和软开关范围有限的问题,该文提出一种双模式变频移相调制策略。首先,对DAB变换器的单移相(SPS)调制和扩展移相(EPS)调制进行时域分析,得到其功率传输特性;然后,分析变换器的关断电流与软开关条件,得到移相比和开关频率约束方程;在此基础上,分析双模式间的移相比边界条件,提出变换器运行模式的切换机制,从而在实现变换器单级功率变换的同时,保证全范围软开关并降低低压侧的关断电流;最后,通过仿真和实验验证了所提调制策略的有效性与可行性。

基于新能源发电改进型移相全桥变换器研究

新能源发电中需要广泛使用移相全桥变换器,以实现软开关技术从而减小系统的开关损耗。而传统移相全桥直流变换器滞后臂在轻载时难以实现ZVS,导致系统大功率输出时效率降低以及系统换路时容易产生尖峰电压、电流等现象,针对这一问题,提出了一种改进的有源软开关移相全桥DC-DC变换器拓扑。系统首先提出了改进变换器的拓扑结构,在此基础上对其工作模态进行了研究分析,并合理优化相关器件的选型,最后通过系统仿真及试验平台进行了系统仿真和试验测试,结果表明,所设计的加入辅助电路改进型移相全桥直流变换器在轻载情况下,能够使变换器滞后臂达到软开关效果,同时,在大功率输出情况下,对器件发热、电压波形振荡均有较好的抑制作用,系统整体效率变高,同时可靠性、稳定性变强。

双有源桥无回流功率控制的死区影响与补偿

针对三重移相协同控制(CTPS)加入桥臂死区后,会导致双有源桥(DAB)变换器回流功率发生及软开关失效的问题,提出针对CTPS控制的死区补偿策略.通过分析CTPS控制不同模式下桥臂死区引起的变压器原副边电压及漏感电流的变化,基于回流功率产生的原理,更正了不同模式移相比之间的耦合关系,对功率传输模型及CTPS控制模式的切换条件进行修正,实现了死区对CTPS控制影响的有效控制.利用所提的补偿方案,抑制了由死区引起的回流功率,恢复了CTPS控制的软开关性能,具有较补偿前更优的电流应力.分别开展死区补偿前、后的实验,对死区影响的分析和所提出的补偿策略进行验证.

CLLC谐振变换器同步整流软开关失效分析与应对

同步整流(SR)是提高CLLC谐振变换器运行效率的有效方法,但由于功率管寄生电容等因素的影响,同步整流存在软开关失效的风险。因此,为同时实现同步整流和软开关,在变换器副边不控整流的基础上,分析了不同运行状态下同步整流软开关的失效原因,以及软开关实现的有效范围。提出了不同运行状态下的同步整流数字控制方法,可在保证实现同步整流软开关的同时,提高同步整流的运行范围,从而保证变换器在不同运行状态下的运行效率。同时,改进了不同运行状态下同步整流开通和关断时刻的计算方法,使得同步整流的控制无需电流传感器和其他额外硬件电路的参与,可应用于原本无同步整流控制相关硬件的双向CLLC谐振变换器中。搭建了实验平台,验证了所提方法的有效性。

定频脉冲宽度调制的宽输入推挽正激谐振变换器

针对低压输入的DC/DC变换应用,提出了一种定频脉冲宽度调制(pulse width modulation,PWM)的推挽正激谐振变换器。一次侧采用推挽正激结构,二次侧在谐振网络与倍压整流相结合的基础上引入两个有源开关,通过定频调节二次侧有源开关的占空比,变换器在一个开关周期内具备二倍压整流和四倍压整流两种模式,从而实现宽电压增益范围的调节。谐振网络的引入使一二次侧开关管均可实现零电压开通(zero voltage switch,ZVS)。在分析工作原理的基础上,利用时域分析法推导得到了变换器的增益与重叠导通角的关系,并分析了开关管软开关的实现条件。搭建了额定功率1kW的实验样机,实验结果证明了原理分析的正确性与拓扑方案的可行性。

变化负载下全桥LLC谐振变换器参数优化设计

LLC谐振变换器在软开关特性方面有一定的局限性。针对可变负载条件下LLC谐振变换器软开关特性不稳定的问题,本文结合ZVS/ZCS边界推导了软开关约束条件,提出一套基于全桥LLC谐振变换器变化负载下参数优化设计方法,以提高系统的稳定性和效率。方案不仅考虑谐振电感、电容和变压器的参数优化,还充分考虑负载变化对软开关行为的影响。文中介绍了全桥LLC谐振变换器的工作原理,并对电压增益与谐振网络阻抗特性进行较为细致的分析。根据上述设计方案搭建了一台500 W的车载充电机试验样机,在实验室条件下对样机进行测试,结果表明试验样机整机在参数优化后效率有所提升,最高效率可达96.36%。

轻载工况下基于效率优化的双向无线电能传输系统半桥调制策略

针对基于全桥拓扑的双向双LCC无线充电系统调制策略在轻载工况下功率因数和效率下降严重的问题,该文在不改变全桥结构的基础上,提出一种半桥调制策略。首先对双向双LCC补偿电路进行通态效率建模,并定量分析影响效率的关键变量及其约束条件,从而为调制策略的优化提供理论依据;在此基础上,对所提双边半桥调制策略的工作原理、正导通角优化关系及软开关实现条件进行详细分析,证明该策略在保证开关器件零电压导通的同时,可显著减小外移相角,从而有效提高系统的功率因数和运行效率;最后,搭建3.3 kW的双向无线电能传输系统样机进行对比实验,实验结果表明,所提半桥调制策略在1/4满载及以下的轻载工况下效率最高可达95.6%,且在输出电压宽范围变化时都能够取得明显的优化效果。

一种低电流纹波高增益软开关直流变换器

提出了一种应用于新能源发电系统的低电流纹波高增益软开关直流变换器。在传统交错Boost变换器基础上,该变换器通过引入耦合电感和二极管、电容升压单元提高电压增益,耦合电感在整个开关周期过程中都传递能量,提高了磁芯利用率。输入侧工作在交错模式,两相电感电流纹波可以相互抵消,从而获得较低的输入电流纹波。由于耦合电感自身漏感的存在,减轻了整流二极管反向恢复问题,同时采用有源钳位电路回收利用漏感能量,实现了所有开关管零电压软开关,抑制了开关管关断电压尖峰,提高了变换器转换效率。详细分析了变换器的工作原理、电路特性以及软开关实现方法。最后,搭建了一台200 W的试验样机验证了理论分析的正确性。

基于改进型ZVT Buck电路的IPT充电系统设计

为了避免在感应式无线电能传输系统的耦合机构中增加多余的开关器件以及额外的无源元件,同时减小系统工作在高频率、大功率时全控型开关器件存在的开关损耗,提出基于改进型ZVT Buck电路闭环控制的方法实现对电池的恒流、恒压充电,通过分析改进型ZVT Buck电路的工作模态以及对电路参数的设计,确保在整个充电过程中DC-DC变换器均工作在软开关状态,最后搭建充电电流为35 A、充电电压为370 V的实验平台验证该方法的可行性。结果表明:该方法控制简单,并且降低了系统电路结构的复杂度,传输效率相对较高,能够满足恒流恒压充电需求。