Identifying Counterexamples Without Variability in Software Product Line Model Checking

Product detection based on state abstraction technologies in the software product line(SPL)is more complex when compared to a single system.This variability constitutes a new complexity,and the counterexample may be valid for some products but spurious for others.In this paper,we found that spurious products are primarily due to the failure states,which correspond to the spurious counterexamples.The violated products correspond to the real counterexamples.Hence,identifying counterexamples is a critical problem in detecting violated products.In our approach,we obtain the violated products through the genuine counterexamples,which have no failure state,to avoid the tedious computation of identifying spurious products dealt with by the existing algorithm.This can be executed in parallel to improve the efficiency further.Experimental results showthat our approach performswell,varying with the growth of the system scale.By analyzing counterexamples in the abstract model,we observed that spurious products occur in the failure state.The approach helps in identifying whether a counterexample is spurious or genuine.The approach also helps to check whether a failure state exists in the counterexample.The performance evaluation shows that the proposed approach helps significantly in improving the efficiency of abstraction-based SPL model checking.

Binary Oriented Feature Selection for Valid Product Derivation in Software Product Line

Software Product Line(SPL)is a group of software-intensive systems that share common and variable resources for developing a particular system.The feature model is a tree-type structure used to manage SPL’s common and variable features with their different relations and problem of Crosstree Constraints(CTC).CTC problems exist in groups of common and variable features among the sub-tree of feature models more diverse in Internet of Things(IoT)devices because different Internet devices and protocols are communicated.Therefore,managing the CTC problem to achieve valid product configuration in IoT-based SPL is more complex,time-consuming,and hard.However,the CTC problem needs to be considered in previously proposed approaches such as Commonality VariabilityModeling of Features(COVAMOF)andGenarch+tool;therefore,invalid products are generated.This research has proposed a novel approach Binary Oriented Feature Selection Crosstree Constraints(BOFS-CTC),to find all possible valid products by selecting the features according to cardinality constraints and cross-tree constraint problems in the featuremodel of SPL.BOFS-CTC removes the invalid products at the early stage of feature selection for the product configuration.Furthermore,this research developed the BOFS-CTC algorithm and applied it to,IoT-based feature models.The findings of this research are that no relationship constraints and CTC violations occur and drive the valid feature product configurations for the application development by removing the invalid product configurations.The accuracy of BOFS-CTC is measured by the integration sampling technique,where different valid product configurations are compared with the product configurations derived by BOFS-CTC and found 100%correct.Using BOFS-CTC eliminates the testing cost and development effort of invalid SPL products.

Investigation of Tools, Techniques and Languages for Model Driven Software Product Lines (SPL): A Systematic Literature Review

Software development is a complex and difficult task that requires the investment of sufficient resources and carries major risk of failure. Model Driven Engineering (MDE) focuses on creating software models and automating code generation from the models. Model Driven Software Development (MDSD) offers significantly more effective approaches. These approaches improve the way of building software. Model driven approaches partially increase developer productivity, decrease the cost of software construction, improve software reusability, and make software more maintainable. This paper investigates the methods where Model Driven Software Development is integrated with Software Product Line (SPL). This SLR has been conducted to identify 71 research works published since 2014. We have collected 18 tools, 14 techniques and 17 languages used for MDSD for SPL. We analyze which technique is suitable for SPL. We compare the techniques on the basis of features provided by these tools to understand the better-quality results.

Learning to Support Derivation of Adaptable Products in Software Product Lines

Software product line engineering is a large scale development paradigm based on mass production. It consists in building a common platform from which a set of products can be derived. Under the constraints of continuous evolution and costs optimization, the derivation process must be able to answer customers’ requirements and provide adequate products in a short time without defects. However, this purpose cannot be achieved if the customer must wait for the change is implemented in the common platform. In this paper, we describe our work which proposes a framework to manage derivation of adaptable products. An adaptable product is obtained by deriving the most similar product from the common platform and changing it to support the new requirements. The aim of the framework is to give quick response to the customers need while the new requirements are being implemented in the common platform. The framework includes tools for processing natural language requirements, computing the similarity between products on the basis of their requirements, and the product adaptation effort measuring.

Conversion of Object Oriented System into Software Product Line with Delta Modeling Abstract Behavioral Specification

This article contains a system conversion from object oriented design into Software Product Line (SPL) using delta modeling of Abstract Behavioral Specification (ABS). ABS is a modeling language which targets system with high level of variety and supports SPL development with delta modeling. The case study of this thesis is a digital library system called Library Automation and Digital Archive (LONTAR). Originally, LONTAR only uses SOAP-based web service. With ABS, LONTAR will be converted into SPL and implement another web service called REST. The motivation of this conversion of LONTAR from object oriented into SPL is because it is easier to develop system with ABS than using regular object oriented. Product definition in ABS is relatively easier than creating a new subclass and do customization to make it works well.

Quality-Oriented Software Product Line Architecture Design

Software architecture design is a critical step of software development. Currently, there are various design methods available and each is focusing on certain perspective of architecture design. Especially, quality-based methods have received a lot of attentions and have been well developed for single system architecture design. However, the use of quality-based design methods is limited in software product line (SPL) because of the complexity and variabilities existing in SPL architecture. In this paper, we introduce an extra view to the Quality-Driven Architecture Design and quality Analysis (QADA) method, in order to provide a more effective quality-based architecture design framework for SPL. In this framework, the quality attributes of a software system will be taken into account in the early stage of architecture design and the reference architecture of SPL will be elicited based on quality-related consideration.

A Product Line Approach to Design an Embedded Web System for Healthcare

With the recent advances in mobile technology and wireless network technology, embedded systems are being widely used in modem society today. Particularly, a home healthcare system is a networked embedded system where the main functions are to control the disease processes and to help patients maintain their independence and maximum level of function within their own homes and communities. It seems to be self-evident to design a system that would support both patients and their healthcare providers in the process of treatment. Nevertheless, little work in integrating embedded devices with intemet for the support of patients have been done to date. In this paper, we show how to design a healthcare system for supporting the management of the conditions of patients with chronic diseases. This system is built around wireless networked embedded devices, and integrates the intemet technology for telemonitoring the patient＇s health and notifying of doctors if emergency action is required. Also, patients themselves may specify personal alerts for condition-related issues.

基于多样性SAT求解器和新颖性搜索的软件产品线测试

软件产品线测试是一项非常具有挑战性的工作.基于相似性的测试方法通过提升测试集的多样性以达到提高测试覆盖率和缺陷检测率的目的.因其具有良好的可拓展性和较好的测试效果,目前已成为软件产品线测试的重要手段之一.在该测试方法中,如何产生多样化的测试用例和如何维护测试集的多样性是两个关键问题.针对以上问题,提出一种基于多样性可满足性(SAT)求解器和新颖性搜索(novelty search,NS)的软件产品线测试算法.具体地,所提算法同时采用两类多样性SAT求解器产生多样化的测试用例.特别地,为了改善随机局部搜索SAT求解器的多样性,提出一种基于概率向量的通用策略产生候选解.此外,为同时维护测试集的全局和局部多样性,设计并运用两种基于NS算法思想的归档策略.在50个真实软件产品线上的消融和对比实验验证多样性SAT求解器和两种归档策略的有效性,以及所提算法较其他主流算法的优越性.

基于信息物理系统的智能产线构建方法

为了实现智能产线的高效构建和灵活重构,使产线具备通过工业软件定义制造过程的能力,提出了一种基于信息物理系统(CPS)模型的智能产线构建方法。通过将自动化设备或装置改造为单元级CPS,再由单元级CPS构建产线级CPS,实现了设备控制逻辑与产线调度逻辑的解耦合。通过在信息空间对产线虚体的建模与接口设计,实现软件对物理产线制造过程的定义。以实际智能产线构建案例,分析该构建方法的有效性。

基于订单优先级和改进粒子群算法的生产排程优化

为了解决生产过程中遇到的订单排产混乱、订单延期时间过长和生产成本过高等问题,针对柔性装配线生产排程,笔者设计了一个基于订单紧急程度的订单优先级规则,并基于该规则建立了生产排程数学模型。主要优化目标为最小化最大完工时间、周期内最短订单总延期时间、最小化库存成本与能源成本;使用仿生智能算法中的改进粒子群优化算法,设计了针对该问题的编码与解码规则,并结合自适应动态加速系数帮助跳出局部最优;以某企业的混流装配线为例,使用MATLAB软件进行仿真。仿真结果表明:提出的模型及算法可以对目标函数进行有效求解与优化,验证了该模型与算法的有效性。

逆向分析工具在构件库建设中的应用研究

研究了软件逆向工具CoDoc Marvel在软件构件库建设中的应用,通过对现有软件系统源代码静态结构、调用关系、接口信息和流程图等相关信息进行逆向分析和可视化,自动或半自动地抽取其中的软件构件,进一步整体成为可重用的构件库。研究表明,逆向工程工具在软件构件库建设中能够显著提高分析效率,可视化显现软件构件的共性和变化点,为构件库的构建提供可重用的设计和实现资源,并通过规范化提高构件的质量和可靠性。

A Semantic Metadata Enrichment Software Ecosystem (SMESE) Based on a Multi-Platform Metadata Model for Digital Libraries

Software industry has evolved to multi-product and multi-platform development based on a mix of proprietary and open source components. Such integration has occurred in software ecosystems through a software product line engineering (SPLE) process. However, metadata are underused in the SPLE and interoperability challenge. The proposed method is first, a semantic metadata enrichment software ecosystem (SMESE) to support multi-platform metadata driven applications, and second, based on mapping ontologies SMESE aggregates and enriches metadata to create a semantic master metadata catalogue (SMMC). The proposed SPLE process uses a component-based software development approach for integrating distributed content management enterprise applications, such as digital libraries. To perform interoperability between existing metadata models (such as Dublin Core, UNIMARC, MARC21, RDF/RDA and BIBFRAME), SMESE implements an ontology mapping model. SMESE consists of nine sub-systems: 1) Metadata initiatives & concordance rules;2) Harvesting of web metadata & data;3) Harvesting of authority metadata & data;4) Rule-based semantic metadata external enrichment;5) Rule-based semantic metadata internal enrichment;6) Semantic metadata external & internal enrichment synchronization;7) User interest-based gateway;8) Semantic master catalogue. To conclude, this paper proposes a decision support process, called SPLE decision support process (SPLE-DSP) which is then used by SMESE to support dynamic reconfiguration. SPLE-DSP consists of a dynamic and optimized metadata-based reconfiguration model. SPLE-DSP takes into account runtime metadata-based variability functionalities, context-awareness and self-adaptation. It also presents the design and implementation of a working prototype of SMESE applied to a semantic digital library.

A Domain Engineering Approach to Increase Productivity in the Development of a Service for Changes Notification of the Configuration Management Database

This paper presents a domain engineering approach to build a software product line that supports the change notification service in a Configuration Management Database (CMDB) according to the Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL) best practices. For the development of this product line, the proposed approach makes use of a construction of products methodology by analogy: this is a new notation which reports the variability of the products, obtaining metrics as important as the number of products and uses a language that enables, by means of the flexibilization of a product and the development of some generators, to build the rest of the product line. In addition the paper offers a standard for the analysis and design of the CMDB as well. Finally, the paper presents an economic model for the product line, where the profitability and productivity of the proposed solution are analyzed.

A parallel-pipelining software process model

Software process is a framework for effective and timely delivery of software system. The framework plays a crucial role for software success. However, the development of large-scale software still faces the crisis of high risks, low quality, high costs and long cycle time. This paper proposed a three-phase parallel-pipelining software process model for improving speed and productivity, and reducing software costs and risks without sacrificing software quality. In this model, two strategies were presented. One strategy, based on subsystem-cost priority, was used to prevent software development cost wasting and to reduce software complexity as well; the other strategy, used for balancing subsystem complexity, was designed to reduce the software complexity in the later development stages. Moreover, the proposed function-detailed and workload-simplified subsystem pipelining software process model presents much higher parallelity than the concurrent incremental model. Finally, the component-based product line technology not only ensures software quality and further reduces cycle time, software costs, and software risks but also sufficiently and rationally utilizes previous software product resources and enhances the competition ability of software development organizations.

基于数字孪生技术的智能生产线设计与调试

分析了数字孪生技术的优势,基于西门子NX MCD平台,综合运用电气、机械、自动化专业知识,从生产线的机械模型开始,在数字化设计环境中进行物理学建模、运动学建模、电气行为建模,最终建立完整的生产线数字孪生模型,并实现与控制系统的联动联调。

基于PDPS软件的汽车侧围内板焊装线仿真研究

对汽车侧围内板焊装线仿真研究,应用PDPS软件对汽车侧围内板焊装线建模,模拟工件上料、夹具开合、机器人焊装、工件下料焊装线生产过程,仿真研究结果如下:通过调整焊枪路径或焊枪姿态实现焊点可达性以及避免发生碰撞干涉,根据6自由度机械手关节值旋转角度变化情况调整焊接机器人焊接过程,通过对工位操作生产节拍仿真研究控制生产线生产时间。

A Feature Model Based Framework for Refactoring Software Product Line Architecture

Software product line （SPL） is an approach used to develop a range of software products with a high degree of similarity. In this approach, a feature model is usually used to keep track of similarities and differences. Over time, as modifications are made to the SPL, inconsistencies with the feature model could arise. The first approach to dealing with these inconsistencies is refactoring. Refactoring consists of small steps which, when accumulated, may lead to large-scale changes in the SPL, resulting in features being added to or eliminated from the SPL. In this paper, we propose a framework for refactoring SPLs, which helps keep SPLs consistent with the feature model. After some introductory remarks, we describe a formal model for representing the feature model. We express various refactoring patterns applicable to the feature model and the SPL formally, and then introduce an algorithm for finding them in the SPL. In the end, we use a real-world case study of an SPL to illustrate the applicability of the framework introduced in the paper.

基于博途的自动生产线实训装置仿真设计

为了与时俱进和教学方便,基于YL-335B型S7-200自动生产线实训装置,采用S7-1500 PLC、PLCSIM、TIA Portal等软件、硬件,构建了一套全新的仿真系统。提出了一种易于实现项目驱动、任务实施的仿真教学,必要时可不依赖具体设备,通过下达项目任务书,从程序开发及模拟现场调试运行方面,对学生进行考察,提高学生的逻辑思维和编程能力及综合应用所学知识;分析和处理复杂环境下相关工程领域现实问题,可以提高学生对工业自动化控制的认知和适应能力。此外,对全国职业院校技能大赛机电一体化项目的编程、调试,亦有借鉴之处。

汽车底盘自动化合装生产线仿真分析与优化

以某造车新势力在南方某地的汽车总装生产线为研究对象,基于Plant Simulation仿真软件搭建生产线仿真模型,优化瓶颈工位,综合探究生产线生产性能的影响因素,利用Plant Simulation的遗传算法功能分析满足生产线生产能力时托盘数量的最优解。结果表明,运用Plant Simulation软件与遗传算法工具相结合的方法,可以优化托盘数量,提高生产线平衡率和生产效率,帮助企业更好地规划设计汽车底盘自动化合装生产线。