The rice planthopper,Sogatella furcifera,is a piercing-sucking insect pest of rice,Oryza sativa.It is responsible for significant crop yield losses,and has developed moderate to high resistance to several commonly use...The rice planthopper,Sogatella furcifera,is a piercing-sucking insect pest of rice,Oryza sativa.It is responsible for significant crop yield losses,and has developed moderate to high resistance to several commonly used chemical insecticides.We investigated the effects of the insect fungal pathogen Isaria javanica,alone and in combination with the chemical insecticide dinotefuran,on S.furcifera under both laboratory and field conditions.Our results show that I.javanica displays high infection efficiency and mortality for different stages of S.furcifera,reducing adult survival,female oviposition and ovary development.Laboratory bioassays showed that the combined use of I.javanica with a low dose(4-16 mg L^(-1))of dinotefuran resulted in higher mortality in S.furcifera than the use of I.javanica or dinotefuran alone.The combined treatment also had more significant effects on several host enzymes,including superoxide dismutase,catalase,peroxidase,and prophenol oxidase activities.In field trials,I.javanica effectively suppressed populations of rice planthoppers to low levels(22-64%of the level in untreated plots).Additional field experiments showed synergistic effects,i.e.,enhanced efficiency,for the control of S.furcifera populations using the combination of a low dose of I.javanica(1×10^(4) conidia mL^(-1))and a low dose of dinotefuran(~4.8-19.2%of normal field use levels),with control effects of>90%and a population level under 50 insects per 100 hills at 3-14 days post-treatment.Our findings indicate that the entomogenous fungus I.javanica offers an attractive biological control addition as part of the integrated pest management(IPM)practices for the control of rice plant pests.展开更多
Southern rice black-streaked dwarf disease is a new rice disease that severely affects rice production in South China.To understand transmission capacity of the vector Sogatella furcifera to Southern rice black-streak...Southern rice black-streaked dwarf disease is a new rice disease that severely affects rice production in South China.To understand transmission capacity of the vector Sogatella furcifera to Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus（SRBSDV） among different host plant species,potential host plants of SRBSDV collected from the diseased rice field and/or adjacent to the field in Hunan Province,China,were determined by RT-PCR,and the transmission rates of SRBSDV by S.furcifera among different host plant species were investigated.The results showed that host plants of SRBSDV in the rice fields were five of family Gramineae（Oryza sativa,Echinochloa crusgalli,Zea mays,Paspalum distichum,Alopecurus aequali） and two of family Cyperaceae（Juncellus serotinus and Cyperus difformis）.S.furcifera could not transmit SRBSDV between gramineous plants and cyperaceous plants,and could not transmit SRBSDV between the gramineous plants,J.serotinus and C.difformis as well.However,SRBSDV could be transmitted by S.furcifera within gramineous plants.S.furcifera could transmit SRBSDV between interspecies among three species plants（O.sativa,E.crusgalli and Z.mays）,and between P.distichum and A.aequali.At 15,20,25,30,and 35°C,both macropterous and brachypterous adult of S.furcifera could transmit SRBSDV from the plants（e.g.,E.crusgalli,Z.mays and O.sativa） infected with SRBSDV to rice seedlings.The transmission rates were first increased and then decreased with the increase of temperature.Macropterous adults transmitted SRBSDV from the viruliferous E.crusgalli,Z.may and rice plants to the healthy rice seedlings,and the infected rates of rice seedlings were 26.2,18.8 and 23.7% at 15°C,56.6,64.6 and 53.6% at 25°C,and was 11.2,10.2 and 7.3% at 35°C,respectively.Transmission capacity of brachypterous adults was significantly higher than that of macropterous adults at 15,20 and 25°C（P0.05）,while transmission capacity of brachypterous adults was relatively lower compared with that of macropterous ones at 35°C.These results offer evidence on the transmission of SRBSDV via the vector S.furcifer among different host plants,which can be helpful to control Southern rice black-streaked dwarf disease by the appropriate cultural measures in South China.展开更多
A rice population consisting of 90 TN1/Guiyigu F3 lines was employed to analyze the linkage between DNA markers and a new gene Wbph6(t) conferring resistance to whitebacked planthopper, Sogatella furcifera By using th...A rice population consisting of 90 TN1/Guiyigu F3 lines was employed to analyze the linkage between DNA markers and a new gene Wbph6(t) conferring resistance to whitebacked planthopper, Sogatella furcifera By using the mapping approach of bulked extremes and recessive class, Wbph6(t) was mapped onto the short arm of chromosome 11 with a genetic distance of 21.2 cM to SSLP marker RM167.展开更多
ARC and ND colony were obtained by rearing the whitebacked planthopper (WBPH), Sogatella furcifera (Horvath), exclusively on ARC10239 (ARC, carrying resistance gene Wbph2) and N'Diang Marie (ND, carrying resistanc...ARC and ND colony were obtained by rearing the whitebacked planthopper (WBPH), Sogatella furcifera (Horvath), exclusively on ARC10239 (ARC, carrying resistance gene Wbph2) and N'Diang Marie (ND, carrying resistance gene Wbph5) till 15 generations. Taichung Native 1 (TN1) and Rathu Heenati (RHT) served as susceptible and resistant check, respectively. The results of electronic recording revealed that duration of salivation and X-waveform of the two colonies on their corresponding hosts was short while the duration of phloem ingestion was long. The amount of honeydew excreted by ARC and ND colony did not differ on their corresponding host varieties from TN1 and was much higher than that of RHT. The number of eggs laid on their host varieties and TN1 were significantly higher than that on RHT. No distinct change was observed for these two colonies in term of percentage of developed eggs. The nymph survival rate of ND colony on its selection host was 45.0%, significantly different from that on TNI(71.4%) and RHT(21.0%), while that of ARC colony was 68.3%, not significantly different from that on TN1 (77.5%), but much higher than that on RHT(22.6%). The nymphal development duration of these two colonies on the corresponding hosts was not different from that on TN1, but significantly shorter than that on RHT. In brief, these two colonies had almost adapted to their corresponding host varieties based on feeding and oviposition, but the nymphal survival rate of ND colony was still low.展开更多
The rice leaffolder （RLF）, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée （Lepidoptera：Pyralidae）, and the white-backed rice planthopper （WBPH）, Sogatella furcifera Horváth （Hemiptera： Delphacidae）, are major ins...The rice leaffolder （RLF）, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée （Lepidoptera：Pyralidae）, and the white-backed rice planthopper （WBPH）, Sogatella furcifera Horváth （Hemiptera： Delphacidae）, are major insect pests in China and several other Asian countries. These two pests commonly occur simultaneously or in a temporal sequence. Thus, the investigation of the effect of complex infestations or temporal sequence infestations by these pests on rice yield has a practical signiifcance for the control of these pests. The present study comprised experiments with the following four different variables in potted rice at the tillering stage：single pest species infestation, complex infestation, complete combination infestation and temporal sequence infestation （C. medinalis infestation prior to S. furcifera and S. furcifera infestation prior to C. medinalis）. The results showed that the four infestations resulted in a signiifcant decrease in 1 000-grain weight （1 000GW） and rate of yield loss （RYL） but an increase in blighted grain rate （BGR）, with a signiifcant positive correlation with the infestation density. However, the inlfuences of the complex infestation, complete combination infestation or sequence infestation on the 1 000GW, BGR and RYL were greater than those of the single pest species infestations but did not have addition effects, i.e., the effects of the complex infestation and combination infestation or sequence infestation on the 1 000GW, BGR and RYL were less than the additive effects of the two single pest species infestations at the same densities. In the condition of the same total infestation pressure, no signiifcant differences in the 1 000GW, BGR and RYL were found between C. medinalis infestation prior to S. furcifera and S. furcifera infestation prior to C. medinalis as well as between the sequence infestation and the complex infestation.展开更多
The paper reports the study on resistance in 6 newly-bred rice varieties, such as Nongxiang 16 and 9234, to the whitehacked planthopper, Sogatella furcifera. In crossing with the susceptible Taichung Native 1 (TN1), t...The paper reports the study on resistance in 6 newly-bred rice varieties, such as Nongxiang 16 and 9234, to the whitehacked planthopper, Sogatella furcifera. In crossing with the susceptible Taichung Native 1 (TN1), the resistance of their F1 and F2 populations and the back-crossed BC1F1 populations have been evaluated. The resistance to 5. furcifera in Zhenongda 6022, 9234 and Zhongjian 96-3 was controlled by a single dominant gene, and by a single recessive gene in Nongxiang 16, R40 and Shuhui 881, respectively. These varieties possessed good agronomical characteristics and could be used in further rice breeding and rice production.展开更多
The rice planthoppers,Nilaparvata lugens and Sogatella furcifera,are important sap-sucking pests of rice in Asia.The mesoionic insecticide tifumezopyrim was previously shown to be highly effective in controlling both ...The rice planthoppers,Nilaparvata lugens and Sogatella furcifera,are important sap-sucking pests of rice in Asia.The mesoionic insecticide tifumezopyrim was previously shown to be highly effective in controlling both N.lugens and S.furcifera.In this study,electropenetrography(EPG)was used to evaluate the effect of three triflumezopyrim concentrations(LC。LC。and LC)on the feeding behavior of N.lugens and S.furcifera.EPG signals of planthoppes indicated that there were six different waveforms NP,N1,N2,N3,N4,and N5,which corresponded to non-penetration,stylet penetration into epidermis,salivation,extracellular movement of stylet,sap ingestion in phloem,and water ingestion in xylem during feeding.Compared to untreated controls,triflumezopyrim at LC。and LC。prolonged the duration of the non-penetration period by 105.3 to 333.7%.The probing frequencies of N.lugens exposed to tiflumezopyrim at LC1。and LCso were significantly increased;however,the probing frequencies of S.furcifera showed a significant decrease when exposed to triflumezopyrim at all concentrations.Triflumezopyrim exposure prolonged the duration of salivation and shortened the duration of extracellular movement.The duration of phloem sap ingestion decreased from 37.2 to 77.7%in the LCgo and LCgo treatments,respectively.Differences in feeding behavior in response to triflumezopyrim and pymetrozine were minimal.In summary,the results show that the LC。and LCgo concentrations of trflumezopyrim inhibit the feeding activities of N.lugens and S.furcifera mainly by prolonging the duration of non penetration and by shortening the duration of phloem sap ingestion,which may foster more efficient use of triflumezopyrim in Asia.展开更多
Nilaparvata lugens and Sogatella furcifera are two primary planthoppers on rice throughout Asian countries and areas. Neonicotinoid insecticides, such as imidaclo- prid （IMI）, have been extensively used to control r...Nilaparvata lugens and Sogatella furcifera are two primary planthoppers on rice throughout Asian countries and areas. Neonicotinoid insecticides, such as imidaclo- prid （IMI）, have been extensively used to control rice planthoppers and IMI resistance consequently occurred with an important mechanism from the over-expression of P450 genes. The induction of P450 genes by IMI may increase the ability to metabolize this insecticide in planthoppers and increase the resistance risk. In this study, the induction of P450 genes was compared in S. furcifera treated with IM] and nitromethyleneimidazole （NMI）, in two planthopper species by IMI lethal dose that kills 85% of the population （LD85）, and in N. lugens among three IMI doses （LD15, LD50 and LD85）. When IMI and NMI at the LD85 dose were applied to S. furcifera, the expression changes in most P450 genes were similar, including the up-regulation of nine genes and down-regulation of three genes. In terms of the expression changes in 12 homologous P450 genes between N. lugens and S. furcifera treated with IMI at the LD85 dose, 10 genes had very similar patterns, such as up-regulation in seven genes, down-regulation in one gene and no significant changes in two genes. When three different IMI doses were applied to N. lugens, the changes in P450 gene expression were much different, such as up-regulation in four genes at all doses and dose-dependent regulation of the other nine genes. For example, CYP6AY1 could be induced by all IMI doses, while CYP6ER1 was only up-regulated by the LDs0 dose, although both genes were reported important in IMI resistance. In conclusion, P450 genes in two planthopper species showed similar regulation patterns in responding to IMI, and the two neonicotinoid insecticides had similar effects on P450 gene expression, although the regulation was often dose-dependent.展开更多
Chitinase degrades chitin in the old epidermis or peritrophic matrix of insects,which ensures normal development and metamorphosis.In our previous work,we comprehensively studied the function of SfCht7 in Sogatella fu...Chitinase degrades chitin in the old epidermis or peritrophic matrix of insects,which ensures normal development and metamorphosis.In our previous work,we comprehensively studied the function of SfCht7 in Sogatella furcifera.However,the number and function of chitinase genes in S.furcifera remain unknown.Here,we identified 12 full-length chitinase transcripts from S.furcifera,which included nine chitinase(Cht),two imaginal disc growth factor(IDGF),and one endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase(ENGase)genes.Expression analysis results revealed that the expression levels of eight genes(SfCht3,SfCht5,SfCht6-1,SfCht6-2,SfCht7,SfCht8,SfCht10,and SfIDGF2)with similar transcript levels peaked prior to molting of each nymph and were highly expressed in the integument.Based on RNA interference(RNAi),description of the functions of each chitinase gene indicated that the silencing of SfCht5,SfCht10,and SfIDGF2 led to molting defects and lethality.RNAi inhibited the expressions of SfCht5,SfCht7,SfCht10,and SfIDGF2,which led to downregulated expressions of chitin synthase 1(SfCHS1,SfCHS1a,and SfCHS1b)and four chitin deacetylase genes(SfCDA1,SfCDA2,SfCDA3,and SfCDA4),and caused a change in the expression level of two trehalase genes(TRE1 and TRE2).Furthermore,silencing of SfCht7 induced a significant decrease in the expression levels of three wing development-related genes(SfWG,SfDpp,and SfHh).In conclusion,SfCht5,SfCht7,SfCht10,and SfIDGF2 play vital roles in nymph–adult transition and are involved in the regulation of chitin metabolism,and SfCht7 is also involved in wing development;therefore,these genes are potential targets for control of S.furcifera.展开更多
The genome-wide characterization of long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)in insects demonstrates their importance in fundamental biological processes.Esentially,an in-depth understanding of the functional repertoire of lncRNA i...The genome-wide characterization of long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)in insects demonstrates their importance in fundamental biological processes.Esentially,an in-depth understanding of the functional repertoire of lncRNA in insects is pivotal to insect resources utilization and sustainable pest control.Using a custom bioinformatics pipeline,we identified 1861 lncRNAs encoded by 1852 loci in the Sogatella furcifera genome.We profiled lncRNA expression in different developmental stages and observed that the expression of lncRNAs is more highly temporally restricted compared to protein-coding genes.More up-re gulated Sogatella furcifera lncRNA expressed in the embryo,4th and 5th instars,suggesting that increased lncRNA levels may play a role in these developmental stages.We compared the relationship between the expression of Sogatella furcifera lncRNA and its nearest protein gene and found that lncRNAs were more correlated to their downstream coding neighbors on the opposite strand.Our genome-wide profiling of lncRNAs in Sogatella furcifera identifies exciting candidates for characterization of lncRNAs,and also provides information on lncRNA regulation during insect development.展开更多
基金funded by grants from the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou,China(202002020029)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province,China(2019B020217003)+1 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFD02003)the National Key Technology Support Program of China(201303019-02)。
文摘The rice planthopper,Sogatella furcifera,is a piercing-sucking insect pest of rice,Oryza sativa.It is responsible for significant crop yield losses,and has developed moderate to high resistance to several commonly used chemical insecticides.We investigated the effects of the insect fungal pathogen Isaria javanica,alone and in combination with the chemical insecticide dinotefuran,on S.furcifera under both laboratory and field conditions.Our results show that I.javanica displays high infection efficiency and mortality for different stages of S.furcifera,reducing adult survival,female oviposition and ovary development.Laboratory bioassays showed that the combined use of I.javanica with a low dose(4-16 mg L^(-1))of dinotefuran resulted in higher mortality in S.furcifera than the use of I.javanica or dinotefuran alone.The combined treatment also had more significant effects on several host enzymes,including superoxide dismutase,catalase,peroxidase,and prophenol oxidase activities.In field trials,I.javanica effectively suppressed populations of rice planthoppers to low levels(22-64%of the level in untreated plots).Additional field experiments showed synergistic effects,i.e.,enhanced efficiency,for the control of S.furcifera populations using the combination of a low dose of I.javanica(1×10^(4) conidia mL^(-1))and a low dose of dinotefuran(~4.8-19.2%of normal field use levels),with control effects of>90%and a population level under 50 insects per 100 hills at 3-14 days post-treatment.Our findings indicate that the entomogenous fungus I.javanica offers an attractive biological control addition as part of the integrated pest management(IPM)practices for the control of rice plant pests.
基金funded by the Key Programme of Hunan Provincial Science & Technology Bureau(2011NK2009)
文摘Southern rice black-streaked dwarf disease is a new rice disease that severely affects rice production in South China.To understand transmission capacity of the vector Sogatella furcifera to Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus（SRBSDV） among different host plant species,potential host plants of SRBSDV collected from the diseased rice field and/or adjacent to the field in Hunan Province,China,were determined by RT-PCR,and the transmission rates of SRBSDV by S.furcifera among different host plant species were investigated.The results showed that host plants of SRBSDV in the rice fields were five of family Gramineae（Oryza sativa,Echinochloa crusgalli,Zea mays,Paspalum distichum,Alopecurus aequali） and two of family Cyperaceae（Juncellus serotinus and Cyperus difformis）.S.furcifera could not transmit SRBSDV between gramineous plants and cyperaceous plants,and could not transmit SRBSDV between the gramineous plants,J.serotinus and C.difformis as well.However,SRBSDV could be transmitted by S.furcifera within gramineous plants.S.furcifera could transmit SRBSDV between interspecies among three species plants（O.sativa,E.crusgalli and Z.mays）,and between P.distichum and A.aequali.At 15,20,25,30,and 35°C,both macropterous and brachypterous adult of S.furcifera could transmit SRBSDV from the plants（e.g.,E.crusgalli,Z.mays and O.sativa） infected with SRBSDV to rice seedlings.The transmission rates were first increased and then decreased with the increase of temperature.Macropterous adults transmitted SRBSDV from the viruliferous E.crusgalli,Z.may and rice plants to the healthy rice seedlings,and the infected rates of rice seedlings were 26.2,18.8 and 23.7% at 15°C,56.6,64.6 and 53.6% at 25°C,and was 11.2,10.2 and 7.3% at 35°C,respectively.Transmission capacity of brachypterous adults was significantly higher than that of macropterous adults at 15,20 and 25°C（P0.05）,while transmission capacity of brachypterous adults was relatively lower compared with that of macropterous ones at 35°C.These results offer evidence on the transmission of SRBSDV via the vector S.furcifer among different host plants,which can be helpful to control Southern rice black-streaked dwarf disease by the appropriate cultural measures in South China.
文摘A rice population consisting of 90 TN1/Guiyigu F3 lines was employed to analyze the linkage between DNA markers and a new gene Wbph6(t) conferring resistance to whitebacked planthopper, Sogatella furcifera By using the mapping approach of bulked extremes and recessive class, Wbph6(t) was mapped onto the short arm of chromosome 11 with a genetic distance of 21.2 cM to SSLP marker RM167.
文摘ARC and ND colony were obtained by rearing the whitebacked planthopper (WBPH), Sogatella furcifera (Horvath), exclusively on ARC10239 (ARC, carrying resistance gene Wbph2) and N'Diang Marie (ND, carrying resistance gene Wbph5) till 15 generations. Taichung Native 1 (TN1) and Rathu Heenati (RHT) served as susceptible and resistant check, respectively. The results of electronic recording revealed that duration of salivation and X-waveform of the two colonies on their corresponding hosts was short while the duration of phloem ingestion was long. The amount of honeydew excreted by ARC and ND colony did not differ on their corresponding host varieties from TN1 and was much higher than that of RHT. The number of eggs laid on their host varieties and TN1 were significantly higher than that on RHT. No distinct change was observed for these two colonies in term of percentage of developed eggs. The nymph survival rate of ND colony on its selection host was 45.0%, significantly different from that on TNI(71.4%) and RHT(21.0%), while that of ARC colony was 68.3%, not significantly different from that on TN1 (77.5%), but much higher than that on RHT(22.6%). The nymphal development duration of these two colonies on the corresponding hosts was not different from that on TN1, but significantly shorter than that on RHT. In brief, these two colonies had almost adapted to their corresponding host varieties based on feeding and oviposition, but the nymphal survival rate of ND colony was still low.
基金partially funded by the Ind ustry Project of the Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China (200903051)
文摘The rice leaffolder （RLF）, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée （Lepidoptera：Pyralidae）, and the white-backed rice planthopper （WBPH）, Sogatella furcifera Horváth （Hemiptera： Delphacidae）, are major insect pests in China and several other Asian countries. These two pests commonly occur simultaneously or in a temporal sequence. Thus, the investigation of the effect of complex infestations or temporal sequence infestations by these pests on rice yield has a practical signiifcance for the control of these pests. The present study comprised experiments with the following four different variables in potted rice at the tillering stage：single pest species infestation, complex infestation, complete combination infestation and temporal sequence infestation （C. medinalis infestation prior to S. furcifera and S. furcifera infestation prior to C. medinalis）. The results showed that the four infestations resulted in a signiifcant decrease in 1 000-grain weight （1 000GW） and rate of yield loss （RYL） but an increase in blighted grain rate （BGR）, with a signiifcant positive correlation with the infestation density. However, the inlfuences of the complex infestation, complete combination infestation or sequence infestation on the 1 000GW, BGR and RYL were greater than those of the single pest species infestations but did not have addition effects, i.e., the effects of the complex infestation and combination infestation or sequence infestation on the 1 000GW, BGR and RYL were less than the additive effects of the two single pest species infestations at the same densities. In the condition of the same total infestation pressure, no signiifcant differences in the 1 000GW, BGR and RYL were found between C. medinalis infestation prior to S. furcifera and S. furcifera infestation prior to C. medinalis as well as between the sequence infestation and the complex infestation.
文摘The paper reports the study on resistance in 6 newly-bred rice varieties, such as Nongxiang 16 and 9234, to the whitehacked planthopper, Sogatella furcifera. In crossing with the susceptible Taichung Native 1 (TN1), the resistance of their F1 and F2 populations and the back-crossed BC1F1 populations have been evaluated. The resistance to 5. furcifera in Zhenongda 6022, 9234 and Zhongjian 96-3 was controlled by a single dominant gene, and by a single recessive gene in Nongxiang 16, R40 and Shuhui 881, respectively. These varieties possessed good agronomical characteristics and could be used in further rice breeding and rice production.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31872928)the Jiangsu Agricultural Scientific Self-Innovation Fund,China(cx[18]3057)+1 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFD0300804)the Key Research Program of Jiangsu Province,China(BE2018355).
文摘The rice planthoppers,Nilaparvata lugens and Sogatella furcifera,are important sap-sucking pests of rice in Asia.The mesoionic insecticide tifumezopyrim was previously shown to be highly effective in controlling both N.lugens and S.furcifera.In this study,electropenetrography(EPG)was used to evaluate the effect of three triflumezopyrim concentrations(LC。LC。and LC)on the feeding behavior of N.lugens and S.furcifera.EPG signals of planthoppes indicated that there were six different waveforms NP,N1,N2,N3,N4,and N5,which corresponded to non-penetration,stylet penetration into epidermis,salivation,extracellular movement of stylet,sap ingestion in phloem,and water ingestion in xylem during feeding.Compared to untreated controls,triflumezopyrim at LC。and LC。prolonged the duration of the non-penetration period by 105.3 to 333.7%.The probing frequencies of N.lugens exposed to tiflumezopyrim at LC1。and LCso were significantly increased;however,the probing frequencies of S.furcifera showed a significant decrease when exposed to triflumezopyrim at all concentrations.Triflumezopyrim exposure prolonged the duration of salivation and shortened the duration of extracellular movement.The duration of phloem sap ingestion decreased from 37.2 to 77.7%in the LCgo and LCgo treatments,respectively.Differences in feeding behavior in response to triflumezopyrim and pymetrozine were minimal.In summary,the results show that the LC。and LCgo concentrations of trflumezopyrim inhibit the feeding activities of N.lugens and S.furcifera mainly by prolonging the duration of non penetration and by shortening the duration of phloem sap ingestion,which may foster more efficient use of triflumezopyrim in Asia.
基金We thank Dr. David Nelson （Department of Molecular Science, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN, USA） and the P450 nomenclature committee for naming full-length P450s identified in this study. This study was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China （31322045 and 31130045） and Jiangsu Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars （BK20130028）.
文摘Nilaparvata lugens and Sogatella furcifera are two primary planthoppers on rice throughout Asian countries and areas. Neonicotinoid insecticides, such as imidaclo- prid （IMI）, have been extensively used to control rice planthoppers and IMI resistance consequently occurred with an important mechanism from the over-expression of P450 genes. The induction of P450 genes by IMI may increase the ability to metabolize this insecticide in planthoppers and increase the resistance risk. In this study, the induction of P450 genes was compared in S. furcifera treated with IM] and nitromethyleneimidazole （NMI）, in two planthopper species by IMI lethal dose that kills 85% of the population （LD85）, and in N. lugens among three IMI doses （LD15, LD50 and LD85）. When IMI and NMI at the LD85 dose were applied to S. furcifera, the expression changes in most P450 genes were similar, including the up-regulation of nine genes and down-regulation of three genes. In terms of the expression changes in 12 homologous P450 genes between N. lugens and S. furcifera treated with IMI at the LD85 dose, 10 genes had very similar patterns, such as up-regulation in seven genes, down-regulation in one gene and no significant changes in two genes. When three different IMI doses were applied to N. lugens, the changes in P450 gene expression were much different, such as up-regulation in four genes at all doses and dose-dependent regulation of the other nine genes. For example, CYP6AY1 could be induced by all IMI doses, while CYP6ER1 was only up-regulated by the LDs0 dose, although both genes were reported important in IMI resistance. In conclusion, P450 genes in two planthopper species showed similar regulation patterns in responding to IMI, and the two neonicotinoid insecticides had similar effects on P450 gene expression, although the regulation was often dose-dependent.
基金This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31960537 and 31560522)Provincial Key Project for Agricultural Science and Technology of Guizhou(Grant No.NY 20133006)International Cooperation Base for Insect Evolutionary Biology and Pest Control(Grant No.[2016]5802).
文摘Chitinase degrades chitin in the old epidermis or peritrophic matrix of insects,which ensures normal development and metamorphosis.In our previous work,we comprehensively studied the function of SfCht7 in Sogatella furcifera.However,the number and function of chitinase genes in S.furcifera remain unknown.Here,we identified 12 full-length chitinase transcripts from S.furcifera,which included nine chitinase(Cht),two imaginal disc growth factor(IDGF),and one endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase(ENGase)genes.Expression analysis results revealed that the expression levels of eight genes(SfCht3,SfCht5,SfCht6-1,SfCht6-2,SfCht7,SfCht8,SfCht10,and SfIDGF2)with similar transcript levels peaked prior to molting of each nymph and were highly expressed in the integument.Based on RNA interference(RNAi),description of the functions of each chitinase gene indicated that the silencing of SfCht5,SfCht10,and SfIDGF2 led to molting defects and lethality.RNAi inhibited the expressions of SfCht5,SfCht7,SfCht10,and SfIDGF2,which led to downregulated expressions of chitin synthase 1(SfCHS1,SfCHS1a,and SfCHS1b)and four chitin deacetylase genes(SfCDA1,SfCDA2,SfCDA3,and SfCDA4),and caused a change in the expression level of two trehalase genes(TRE1 and TRE2).Furthermore,silencing of SfCht7 induced a significant decrease in the expression levels of three wing development-related genes(SfWG,SfDpp,and SfHh).In conclusion,SfCht5,SfCht7,SfCht10,and SfIDGF2 play vital roles in nymph–adult transition and are involved in the regulation of chitin metabolism,and SfCht7 is also involved in wing development;therefore,these genes are potential targets for control of S.furcifera.
基金This work was supported by the Strategic Priority Re-search Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant XDB11040400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 31571305,31871927).The funders played no role in the study design,data collection and analysis,decision to publish,or preparation of the manuscript.
文摘The genome-wide characterization of long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)in insects demonstrates their importance in fundamental biological processes.Esentially,an in-depth understanding of the functional repertoire of lncRNA in insects is pivotal to insect resources utilization and sustainable pest control.Using a custom bioinformatics pipeline,we identified 1861 lncRNAs encoded by 1852 loci in the Sogatella furcifera genome.We profiled lncRNA expression in different developmental stages and observed that the expression of lncRNAs is more highly temporally restricted compared to protein-coding genes.More up-re gulated Sogatella furcifera lncRNA expressed in the embryo,4th and 5th instars,suggesting that increased lncRNA levels may play a role in these developmental stages.We compared the relationship between the expression of Sogatella furcifera lncRNA and its nearest protein gene and found that lncRNAs were more correlated to their downstream coding neighbors on the opposite strand.Our genome-wide profiling of lncRNAs in Sogatella furcifera identifies exciting candidates for characterization of lncRNAs,and also provides information on lncRNA regulation during insect development.
