Using sea surface salinity(SSS)observation from the soil moisture active passive(SMAP)mission,we analyzed the spatial distribution and seasonal variation of SSS around Changjiang River(Yangtze River)Estuary for the pe...Using sea surface salinity(SSS)observation from the soil moisture active passive(SMAP)mission,we analyzed the spatial distribution and seasonal variation of SSS around Changjiang River(Yangtze River)Estuary for the period of September 2015 to August 2018.First,we found that the SSS from SMAP is more accurate than soil moisture and ocean salinity(SMOS)mission observation when comparing with the in situ observations.Then,the SSS signature of the Changjiang River freshwater was analyzed using SMAP data and the river discharge data from the Datong hydrological station.The results show that the SSS around the Changjiang River Estuary is significantly lower than that of the open ocean,and shows significant seasonal variation.The minimum value of SSS appears in July and maximum SSS in December.The root mean square difference of daily SSS between SMAP observation and in situ observation is around 3 in both summer and winter,which is much lower than the annual range of SSS variation.In summer,the diffusion direction of the Changjiang River freshwater depicted by SSS from SMAP is consistent with the path of freshwater from in situ observation,suggesting that SMAP observation may be used in coastal seas in monitoring the diffusion and advection of freshwater discharge.展开更多
The objective of this study was to retrieve daily composite soil moisture by jointly using brightness temperature observations from multiple operating satellites for near real-time application with better coverage and...The objective of this study was to retrieve daily composite soil moisture by jointly using brightness temperature observations from multiple operating satellites for near real-time application with better coverage and higher accuracy.Our approach was to first apply the single-channel brightness radiometric algorithm to estimate soil moisture from the respective brightness temperature observations of the SMAP,SMOS,AMSR2,FY3B,and FY3C satellites on the same day and then produce a daily composite dataset by averaging the individual satellite-retrieved soil moisture.We further evaluated our product,the official soil moisture products of the five satellites,and the ensemble mean (i.e.,arithmetic mean) of the five official satellite soil moisture products against ground observations from two networks in Central Tibet and Anhui Province,China.The results show that our product outperforms the individual released products of the five satellites and their ensemble means in the two validation areas.The root mean square error (RMSE ) values of our product were 0.06 and 0.09 m3/m3 in Central Tibet and Anhui Province,respectively.Relative to the ensemble mean of the five satellite products,our product improves the accuracy by 9.1% and 57.7% in Central Tibet and Anhui Province,respectively.This demonstrates that jointly using brightness temperature observations from multiple satellites to retrieve soil moisture not only improves the spatial coverage of daily observations but also produces better daily composite products.展开更多
Soil moisture is an important factor in global hydrologic circulation and plays a significant role in the research of hydrology, climatology, and agriculture. Microwave remote sensing is less limited by climate and ti...Soil moisture is an important factor in global hydrologic circulation and plays a significant role in the research of hydrology, climatology, and agriculture. Microwave remote sensing is less limited by climate and time, and can measure in large scale. With these characteristics, this technique becomes an effective tool to measure soil moisture. Since the 1980s, Chinese researchers have investigated the soil moisture using microwave instruments. The active re- mote sensors are characteristic of high spatial resolution, thus with launch of a series of satellites, active microwave remote sensing of soil moisture will be emphasized. The passive microwave remote sensing of soil moisture has a long research history, and its retrieval algorithms were developed well, so it is an important tool to retrieve large scale moisture information from satellite data in the future.展开更多
The aim of this study was to develop an improved thin sea ice thickness(SIT)retrieval algorithm in the Arctic Ocean from the Soil Moisture Ocean Salinity and Soil Moisture Active Passive L-band radiometer data.This SI...The aim of this study was to develop an improved thin sea ice thickness(SIT)retrieval algorithm in the Arctic Ocean from the Soil Moisture Ocean Salinity and Soil Moisture Active Passive L-band radiometer data.This SIT retrieval algorithm was trained using the simulated SIT from the cumulative freezing degree days model during the freeze-up period over five carefully selected regions in the Beaufort,Chukchi,East Siberian,Laptev and Kara seas and utilized the microwave polarization ratio(PR)at incidence angle of 40°.The improvements of the proposed retrieval algorithm include the correction for the sea ice concentration impact,reliable reference SIT data over different representative regions of the Arctic Ocean and the utilization of microwave polarization ratio that is independent of ice temperature.The relationship between the SIT and PR was found to be almost stable across the five selected regions.The SIT retrievals were then compared to other two existing algorithms(i.e.,UH_SIT from the University of Hamburg and UB_SIT from the University of Bremen)and validated against independent SIT data obtained from moored upward looking sonars(ULS)and airborne electromagnetic(EM)induction sensors.The results suggest that the proposed algorithm could achieve comparable accuracies to UH_SIT and UB_SIT with root mean square error(RMSE)being about 0.20 m when validating using ULS SIT data and outperformed the UH_SIT and UB_SIT with RMSE being about 0.21 m when validatng using EM SIT data.The proposed algorithm can be used for thin sea ice thickness(<1.0 m)estimation in the Arctic Ocean and requires less auxiliary data in the SIT retrieval procedure which makes its implementation more practical.展开更多
In this study, sea surface salinity(SSS) Level 3(L3) daily product derived from soil moisture active passive(SMAP)during the year 2016, was validated and compared with SSS daily products derived from soil Moisture and...In this study, sea surface salinity(SSS) Level 3(L3) daily product derived from soil moisture active passive(SMAP)during the year 2016, was validated and compared with SSS daily products derived from soil Moisture and ocean salinity(SMOS) and in-situ measurements. Generally, the root mean square error(RMSE) of the daily SSS products is larger along the coastal areas and at high latitudes and is smaller in the tropical regions and open oceans. Comparisons between the two types of daily satellite SSS product revealed that the RMSE was higher in the daily SMOS product than in the SMAP, whereas the bias of the daily SMOS was observed to be less than that of the SMAP when compared with Argo floats data. In addition, the latitude-dependent bias and RMSE of the SMAP SSS were found to be primarily influenced by the precipitation and the sea surface temperature(SST). Then, a regression analysis method which has adopted the precipitation and SST data was used to correct the larger bias of the daily SMAP product. It was confirmed that the corrected daily SMAP product could be used for assimilation in high-resolution forecast models, due to the fact that it was demonstrated to be unbiased and much closer to the in-situ measurements than the original uncorrected SMAP product.展开更多
土壤水分是控制陆地和大气间水热能量交换的关键因子之一,在地球生态系统中起着重要的作用。定量化获取土壤水分信息对农业生产、应对全球变化、保护生态环境等众多领域都有着重要意义。目前,获取精度较高的大区域土壤湿度信息依然是研...土壤水分是控制陆地和大气间水热能量交换的关键因子之一,在地球生态系统中起着重要的作用。定量化获取土壤水分信息对农业生产、应对全球变化、保护生态环境等众多领域都有着重要意义。目前,获取精度较高的大区域土壤湿度信息依然是研究的热点和难点问题。气候变化倡议项目(climate change initiative,CCI)土壤湿度数据集是由多种主、被动微波数据融合的大尺度土壤湿度数据集,对其在中国区域的数据质量改进具有较高的实际应用价值。研究利用累积概率分布函数(cumulative distribution function,CDF)匹配方法对CCI土壤湿度产品进行改进。选择有较多实测数据的河北、山西、天津等部分区域,获得2009-2010年每月三旬(共72旬)的土壤湿度插值数据,以此为基础利用CDF进行重调整,建立逐像元的CCI土壤湿度数据的改进模型;然后利用站点实测数据进行该方法的有效性验证。结果表明,CDF调整前的偏差、均方根偏差和平均相对误差分别集中在0.05-0.09、0.05-0.1、0.20-0.45,调整后分别降低在0-0.04、0-0.05、0-0.2范围。可见,CDF调整后的误差明显减小,调整后的CCI土壤湿度的精度得到了明显的提高。展开更多
近年来使用GNSS(global navigation satellite system)反射信号反演土壤湿度已成为研究热点,使用星载反射计数据反演土壤湿度是一种有潜力的新兴技术。以TDS-1(technology demonstrate satellite-1)卫星接收的数据为例,首先推导出反射...近年来使用GNSS(global navigation satellite system)反射信号反演土壤湿度已成为研究热点,使用星载反射计数据反演土壤湿度是一种有潜力的新兴技术。以TDS-1(technology demonstrate satellite-1)卫星接收的数据为例,首先推导出反射信号功率 P r与土壤湿度 M v间的理论关系,然后将SMAP(soil moisture active passive)卫星获得的 M v作为标准值,在空间上选择两条轨迹的 P r与 M v进行皮尔森相关处理,得到两条轨迹上的相关系数分别为0.55和0.60。之后对 P r和 M v分别进行相应的平滑预处理去除噪声,得到相关系数都增加为0.71,即 P r与土壤湿度强相关。取春夏秋冬四个季节的数据,计算 P r与 M v的相关系数为0.78,二者也表现为强相关。实验结果表明:星载(GNSS-reflections,GNSS-R)接收机得到的 P r与 M v有很强的相关性,具有估计土壤湿度的潜力。展开更多
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China under contract No.2016YFC1401600the Public Science and Technology Research Fund Projects for Ocean Research under contract No.201505003the 2015 Jiangsu Program of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Group under contract No.2191061503801/002
文摘Using sea surface salinity(SSS)observation from the soil moisture active passive(SMAP)mission,we analyzed the spatial distribution and seasonal variation of SSS around Changjiang River(Yangtze River)Estuary for the period of September 2015 to August 2018.First,we found that the SSS from SMAP is more accurate than soil moisture and ocean salinity(SMOS)mission observation when comparing with the in situ observations.Then,the SSS signature of the Changjiang River freshwater was analyzed using SMAP data and the river discharge data from the Datong hydrological station.The results show that the SSS around the Changjiang River Estuary is significantly lower than that of the open ocean,and shows significant seasonal variation.The minimum value of SSS appears in July and maximum SSS in December.The root mean square difference of daily SSS between SMAP observation and in situ observation is around 3 in both summer and winter,which is much lower than the annual range of SSS variation.In summer,the diffusion direction of the Changjiang River freshwater depicted by SSS from SMAP is consistent with the path of freshwater from in situ observation,suggesting that SMAP observation may be used in coastal seas in monitoring the diffusion and advection of freshwater discharge.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2016YFC0402701)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.51879067 and 51579131)+4 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20180022)the Six Talent Peaks Project in Jiangsu Province(Grant No.NY-004)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(Grants No.2018842914 and 2018B04714)the China National Flash Flood Disaster Prevention and Control Project(Grant No.126301001000150068)the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.KYCX18_0572)
文摘The objective of this study was to retrieve daily composite soil moisture by jointly using brightness temperature observations from multiple operating satellites for near real-time application with better coverage and higher accuracy.Our approach was to first apply the single-channel brightness radiometric algorithm to estimate soil moisture from the respective brightness temperature observations of the SMAP,SMOS,AMSR2,FY3B,and FY3C satellites on the same day and then produce a daily composite dataset by averaging the individual satellite-retrieved soil moisture.We further evaluated our product,the official soil moisture products of the five satellites,and the ensemble mean (i.e.,arithmetic mean) of the five official satellite soil moisture products against ground observations from two networks in Central Tibet and Anhui Province,China.The results show that our product outperforms the individual released products of the five satellites and their ensemble means in the two validation areas.The root mean square error (RMSE ) values of our product were 0.06 and 0.09 m3/m3 in Central Tibet and Anhui Province,respectively.Relative to the ensemble mean of the five satellite products,our product improves the accuracy by 9.1% and 57.7% in Central Tibet and Anhui Province,respectively.This demonstrates that jointly using brightness temperature observations from multiple satellites to retrieve soil moisture not only improves the spatial coverage of daily observations but also produces better daily composite products.
基金Under the auspices of Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX2-309)
文摘Soil moisture is an important factor in global hydrologic circulation and plays a significant role in the research of hydrology, climatology, and agriculture. Microwave remote sensing is less limited by climate and time, and can measure in large scale. With these characteristics, this technique becomes an effective tool to measure soil moisture. Since the 1980s, Chinese researchers have investigated the soil moisture using microwave instruments. The active re- mote sensors are characteristic of high spatial resolution, thus with launch of a series of satellites, active microwave remote sensing of soil moisture will be emphasized. The passive microwave remote sensing of soil moisture has a long research history, and its retrieval algorithms were developed well, so it is an important tool to retrieve large scale moisture information from satellite data in the future.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41830536 and 41925027the Guangdong Natural Science Foundation under contract No.2023A1515011235the Innovation Group Project of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)under contract No.311021008.
文摘The aim of this study was to develop an improved thin sea ice thickness(SIT)retrieval algorithm in the Arctic Ocean from the Soil Moisture Ocean Salinity and Soil Moisture Active Passive L-band radiometer data.This SIT retrieval algorithm was trained using the simulated SIT from the cumulative freezing degree days model during the freeze-up period over five carefully selected regions in the Beaufort,Chukchi,East Siberian,Laptev and Kara seas and utilized the microwave polarization ratio(PR)at incidence angle of 40°.The improvements of the proposed retrieval algorithm include the correction for the sea ice concentration impact,reliable reference SIT data over different representative regions of the Arctic Ocean and the utilization of microwave polarization ratio that is independent of ice temperature.The relationship between the SIT and PR was found to be almost stable across the five selected regions.The SIT retrievals were then compared to other two existing algorithms(i.e.,UH_SIT from the University of Hamburg and UB_SIT from the University of Bremen)and validated against independent SIT data obtained from moored upward looking sonars(ULS)and airborne electromagnetic(EM)induction sensors.The results suggest that the proposed algorithm could achieve comparable accuracies to UH_SIT and UB_SIT with root mean square error(RMSE)being about 0.20 m when validating using ULS SIT data and outperformed the UH_SIT and UB_SIT with RMSE being about 0.21 m when validatng using EM SIT data.The proposed algorithm can be used for thin sea ice thickness(<1.0 m)estimation in the Arctic Ocean and requires less auxiliary data in the SIT retrieval procedure which makes its implementation more practical.
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China under contract Nos 2016YFC1401409 and 2016YFC1401704the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41506031 and 41606029.
文摘In this study, sea surface salinity(SSS) Level 3(L3) daily product derived from soil moisture active passive(SMAP)during the year 2016, was validated and compared with SSS daily products derived from soil Moisture and ocean salinity(SMOS) and in-situ measurements. Generally, the root mean square error(RMSE) of the daily SSS products is larger along the coastal areas and at high latitudes and is smaller in the tropical regions and open oceans. Comparisons between the two types of daily satellite SSS product revealed that the RMSE was higher in the daily SMOS product than in the SMAP, whereas the bias of the daily SMOS was observed to be less than that of the SMAP when compared with Argo floats data. In addition, the latitude-dependent bias and RMSE of the SMAP SSS were found to be primarily influenced by the precipitation and the sea surface temperature(SST). Then, a regression analysis method which has adopted the precipitation and SST data was used to correct the larger bias of the daily SMAP product. It was confirmed that the corrected daily SMAP product could be used for assimilation in high-resolution forecast models, due to the fact that it was demonstrated to be unbiased and much closer to the in-situ measurements than the original uncorrected SMAP product.
文摘土壤水分是控制陆地和大气间水热能量交换的关键因子之一,在地球生态系统中起着重要的作用。定量化获取土壤水分信息对农业生产、应对全球变化、保护生态环境等众多领域都有着重要意义。目前,获取精度较高的大区域土壤湿度信息依然是研究的热点和难点问题。气候变化倡议项目(climate change initiative,CCI)土壤湿度数据集是由多种主、被动微波数据融合的大尺度土壤湿度数据集,对其在中国区域的数据质量改进具有较高的实际应用价值。研究利用累积概率分布函数(cumulative distribution function,CDF)匹配方法对CCI土壤湿度产品进行改进。选择有较多实测数据的河北、山西、天津等部分区域,获得2009-2010年每月三旬(共72旬)的土壤湿度插值数据,以此为基础利用CDF进行重调整,建立逐像元的CCI土壤湿度数据的改进模型;然后利用站点实测数据进行该方法的有效性验证。结果表明,CDF调整前的偏差、均方根偏差和平均相对误差分别集中在0.05-0.09、0.05-0.1、0.20-0.45,调整后分别降低在0-0.04、0-0.05、0-0.2范围。可见,CDF调整后的误差明显减小,调整后的CCI土壤湿度的精度得到了明显的提高。
文摘近年来使用GNSS(global navigation satellite system)反射信号反演土壤湿度已成为研究热点,使用星载反射计数据反演土壤湿度是一种有潜力的新兴技术。以TDS-1(technology demonstrate satellite-1)卫星接收的数据为例,首先推导出反射信号功率 P r与土壤湿度 M v间的理论关系,然后将SMAP(soil moisture active passive)卫星获得的 M v作为标准值,在空间上选择两条轨迹的 P r与 M v进行皮尔森相关处理,得到两条轨迹上的相关系数分别为0.55和0.60。之后对 P r和 M v分别进行相应的平滑预处理去除噪声,得到相关系数都增加为0.71,即 P r与土壤湿度强相关。取春夏秋冬四个季节的数据,计算 P r与 M v的相关系数为0.78,二者也表现为强相关。实验结果表明:星载(GNSS-reflections,GNSS-R)接收机得到的 P r与 M v有很强的相关性,具有估计土壤湿度的潜力。