GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Evaluation to Identify Areas for Soil and Water Conservation in Lower Lake Bogoria Landscapes, Baringo County, Kenya

This study was meant to ensure that there is proper and efficient conservation of soil and water using geospatial tools to enable us identify priority areas to carry out conservation. Over the past years, various fields of study have established how critical it is to conserve these natural resources in the ecosystem and to ensure sustainability in not only green livelihoods but also to enhance living conditions of the life on earth. The aim of this research was to generate high priority sites for establishing soil and water conservation techniques in the Lower Bogoria Landscapes in Baringo, Kenya using GIS-based multicriteria decision analysis. Various criteria were analyzed to generate the final conservation priority sites, such as land use land cover, rainfall runoff, soil erosion and slope. The criteria were assigned weights using the AHP technique and overlayed using the weighted overlay tools to produce the final outputs. Land use land cover maps were generated using supervised maximum likelihood technique, rainfall run-off maps were generated using the SCS-CN method and soil erosion maps were generated using RUSLE model. The final soil and water conservation maps showed that high and moderate priority areas requiring the establishment of techniques and mechanisms to control soil erosion and conserve water increased from 1990 to 2020. In 2020, more than 50% of the total study area was classified as moderate to high priority for water and soil conservation. Soil and water conservation structures such as water pans, percolation tanks, farm ponds and stop dams should be constructed in such areas.

Roles of Science and Technology in Soil and Water Conservation in the New Era

Firstly,current situation and main problems of science and technology development of soil and water conservation were analyzed,and then roles of science and technology in soil and water conservation were studied. At last,exploration ways of roles of science and technology in soil and water conservation were proposed.

Water Availability for Winter Wheat Affected by Summer Fallow Tillage Practices in Slope Dryland

The tillage experiments for winter wheat were conducted on the slope farmland in Luoyang, Henan Province in the semihumid to arid loess plateau areas of North China. Different tillage methods including reduced tillage(RT), no-till(NT), 2 crops/year(2C), subsoiling(SS), and conventional tillage(CT)were compared to determine the effects of tillage methods on soil water conservation, water availability, and wheat yields in a search for better farming systems in the areas. The NT and SS showed good effects on water conservation. The soil water storage increased 12 - 33 mm with NT and 9-24 mm with SS at the end of summer fallow periods. The soil evaporation with NT and SS decreased 7-8 mm and 34 - 36 mm during the fallow periods of 1999 and 2001, respectively. Evapotranspiration(ET)with NT and SS increased about 47 mm during wheat growth periods of 2000 to 2001. Treatment RT and 2C had low water storage and high water losses during the fallow periods. The winter wheat yields with conservation tillage practices were improved in the 2nd year, increased by 3, 5 and 8% with RT, NT and SS, respectively, compared with CT. The highest wheat yields were obtained with subsoiling, and the maximum economic benefits from no-till. All conservation tillage practices provided great benefits to saving energy and labors, reducing operation inputs, and increasing economic returns. No-till and subsoiling have shown promise in increasing water storage, reducing water loss, enhancing water availability, and saving energy, as well as increasing wheat yield.

Risk Assessment and Change Monitoring of Soil and Water Loss in Ruijin City Based on RS and GIS

The land use information extraction technology for the high-resolution remote sensing images of the Gaofen No. 1 satellite was construc-ted. According to the spectral, band, texture and shape attributes, land use types were divided, and the changing laws of land use types were ana- lyzed. Aftewards,according to the Table of Grading Standard of Sooil Erosion Intensity（SL190-96）,as well as vegetation coverage index NDVI slope, the risks of soil and water loss were assessed. Meanwhile, the level, scale, location and scope of changes in the risks of soil and water loss were monitored by using spatial visualization and spatial statistical techniques. The results showed that the area of areas without soil erosion and moderate soil erosion areas decreased obviously from 2015 to 2017, and the decreases were up to 22.929 3 and 13.626 3 km2 respectively. The ar-ea of mild soil erosion areas increased fast, and the increase reached 31.140 0 km2. The area of extremely strong soil erosion areas increased by 7.267 4 km2. In the city, moderate and strong soil erosion areas reduced, while extremely strong soil erosion patches increased fast, which was mainly related to road construction and construction and development of orchards. The extremely strong soil erosion areas were distributed in the shape of a banded loop, surrounded the suburbs of the city, and shrank towards the center of Ruijin City. The constructed technology to monitor the changes in land use and soil and water loss, as well as the changing laws of land use and soil and water loss provide the theoretical basis and plan-ning basis of soil and water conservation for urban planning departments and soil and water conservation departments.

Sediment sources and their impacts on a check dam-controlled watershed, Loess Plateau, China

Soil erosion is a major issue in Loess Plateau,China,and quantitative analyses of sediment sources are crucial for soil erosion control.In this study,a combination of flood couplet analysis and composite fingerprint identification was used for historical reconstructions of soil erosion in sediment source areas in Loess Plateau.Each flood couplet was constructed based on sediment 137Cs activity,and past soil erosion was calculated using soil bulk density and storage capacity curves.The contribution rates of the sediment sources were calculated using the fingerprinting method,and the amount of erosion in the sediment source areas was estimated.The best fingerprint combination(Cr,Ni,V,and TOC)enabled a 97.2%recognition of sediment sources from 29 flood events(1956–1990)in the Loess Plateau.The contribution rates of gullies,farmland,grassland,and shrubland were 44.89%,26.38%,10.49%,and 18.24%,respectively.These four land use types contributed 1,227,751,512,and 279 tons of sediments,respectively.Re-vegetation decreased soil erosion(1966–1983),whereas deforestation increased soil erosion(1956–1965 and 1984–1990).Rational soil and water conservation measures on slopes and check dam construction in gullies are therefore suggested to mitigate erosion.

Study on Soil and Water Conservation Benefit Models of Grassland Ecosystem──A Case Study on Jianou Mountain Grasslan Ecosystem

This paper studies the mechanism of grassland ecosystem's soil and water conservation function on the basis of two years experiment and inspection in Jianou mountain grassland ecosystem experiment station, Fujian province. After anaIysis on the data of soil erosion and runoff coefficient, relations between eroded soil, runoff and slope gradient. we establish soil and water conservation benefit models. According to the mode1s, experiment and inspection results, some proposals have been made to decrease the area of soil erosion in Fujian mountainous areas, e. g., optimizing land use structure in mountainous areas, taking suitable measures for local condition, closing hills for grassland development, accelerating restoration and raising quality of mountain grassland ecosystem, strengthening scientific and technological input, breeding the grass species that are suitable to local physical geographic condition.

Soil and water conservation effects on soil properties in the Middle Silluh Valley,northern Ethiopia

Community-based Soil and Water Conservation(SWC)practices have been adopted in the Tigray region since 1991 for restoration of the degraded landscape.The effects of those conservation measures on physico-chemical properties of soil were limitedly studied.Thus,this study evaluated the effects of SWC on selected soil properties in the Middle Silluh Valley,Tigray region,Northern Ethiopia.The study considered conserved landscapes(terraced hillside,terraced farmland and exclosure area)and non-conserved landscapes(non-terraced hillside,non-terraced farmland and open grazing land)for comparison using a one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA).A total of 24 samples were collected from each landscape at a depth of 10–30 cm.The results indicated that mean bulk density(BD)was low on terraced hillside,non-terraced hillside and exclosure area.Sand and clay content were significantly different at P<0.05 for the six landscape categories.Higher mean organic matter was observed in the conserved landscape,as compared with the corresponding non-conserved landscape.Pearson's correlation between Soil Organic Matter(SOM)and clay content,SOM and Total Nitrogen(TN)showed strong positive relationships.Overall,the results show that SWC had significantly positive effects on soil's physical and chemical properties in the study area.

Soil and water conservation practice effects on soil physicochemical properties and crop yield in Ethiopia:review and synthesis

Background:Land degradation is an urgent agenda that requires great effort and resources to ameliorate.It worsens soil components through disrupting ecological functions and threatens agriculture production.To overcome it,different soil and water conservation(SWC)practices have been undertaken in numerous parts of Ethiopia.This paper aims to review the effects of SWC practices on soil physicochemical properties and crop yield.Data were collected from secondary sources via a computer library using various databases based on developed criteria.The collected data were organized,categorized,and analyzed through descriptive statistics.The mean difference of selected soil physicochemical properties obtained from treated and untreated farmland was tested using paired t-test.Factors influencing crop yield on treated farmland were determined by a multiple linear regression model.Results:SWC practices influenced the soil physicochemical properties and crop yield either positively or negatively.The mean values of available phosphorus(10.6 ppm,8.7 ppm),total nitrogen(0.5%,0.4%),soil pH(6.0%,5.8%),soil organic matter(4.4%,3.8%),and soil organic carbon(2.2%,1.8%)were on treated and untreated farmland under physical SWC practices,respectively.Similarly,the mean values of these variables were higher on treated farmland than untreated farmland under both biological and integrated SWC practices.The mean value of bulk density was higher on untreated farmland than treated one and statistically significant under all SWC practices.Fanya juu and stone-faced soil bund constantly increased crop yield,whereas soil bund and stone bund did not.Conclusion:Proper implementation of SWC technologies through integrating physical and biological measures will boost the effectiveness of the practice in restoring soil physicochemical properties and improving crop yield.Meanwhile,government due attention paid for land resources management in Ethiopia,whereby the annual SWC and tree planting campaign underwent for a couple of decades,entails further scientific support for its efficacy.

Assessing the soil erosion control efficiency of land management practices implemented through free community labor mobilization in Ethiopia

This study aimed to assess the influence of conservation practices (P) and cover management (C) on soil loss reduction by determining it at the scale of landscape units in 16 systematically selected watersheds. Focusing on major land management practices implemented through free community labor mobilization, the assessment combined remote sensing techniques, field observation, and expert as well as local knowledge. The results show an average net decrement of 39% ( ± 19%) in the P factor value and 8.9%( ± 21%) in the C factor value after implementation of land management practices. P factor value re-duction is linked to a high area coverage of level structures, while increases in the P factor value are associated with poor quality of structures, inappropriate practices, and wide spacing between structures on steep slopes. C factor value reduction is observed in non-arable shrub- and bushland with enriched area closure, whereas increased C factor values are associated with open access grasslands and untreated croplands. The overall change in P and C factor values resulted in a 42% ( ± 28%) relative soil loss re-duction. The demonstrated approach makes it possible to assess spatial and temporal dynamics in the P and C erosion factors and to estimate spatially disaggregated changes in the P and C factor values. This can help to improve parameterization of inputs for erosion modelling and to assess their relative soil loss effect. The approach provides valuable feedback on watershed planning processes and supports informed decisions regarding the appropriate selection of land management practices.

Land degradation and integrated watershed management in India

In view of the stagnating productivity levels of irrigated agriculture,the contribution from rainfed agriculture should be increased to meet the requirements from the ever growing human and animal population of India.Land degradation is a major threat to our food and environment security and the extent of degradation problems are more pronounced in rainfed regions.Large potential of rainfed agriculture is untapped largely due to lack of enabling policy support and investments.In drought-prone rainfed areas,watershed management has shown the potential of doubling the agricultural productivity,increase in water availability,restoration of ecological balance in the degraded rainfed ecosystems by greening these areas and diversification of cropping farming systems.Impact of various watershed programmes can be substantially enhanced by developing new approaches and enabling policies new paradigm based on learnings over last 30 years for people-centric holistic watershed management involving convergence,collective action,consortium approach,capacity development to address equity,efficiency,environment and economic concerns is urgently needed.However,this can be used as entry point activity for improving livelihood for rural community.It has been realized that for sustainable developments of degraded lands,involvement of people(land less and beneficiaries)is very much essential.For the last decade efforts have been made institutionalize the organizations of the community&beneficiaries and ensuring their involvement in planning project formulation,implementation and maintenance.Government of India has launched various centre-sector,state-sector and foreign aided schemes for prevention of land degradation,reclamation of special problem areas for ensuring productivity of the land,preservation of land resources and improvement of ecology and environment.These schemes are being implemented on watershed basis in rainfed areas.Soil conservation measures and reclamation of degraded lands are decided considering the land capability and land uses.The efforts made so far resulted in enhancement of agricultural production and productivity of lands,increase in employment generation,improving the environment of the areas and socio-economic upgradation of the people.Integrated watershed management approach has been adopted as a key national strategy for sustainable development of rural areas.This has been proved by conducting monitoring and impact evaluation studies of the integrated watershed projects by external agencies.

南方红壤侵蚀流域不同情景措施的减沙效应模拟

为揭示南方红壤侵蚀流域不同情景措施的减沙效应,实现区域可持续发展,采用SWAT(soil and water assessment tool)模型模拟方法,以南方典型花岗岩红壤侵蚀流域——福建长汀朱溪流域为研究区域,在模拟该流域产流产沙状况的基础上,通过不同水土保持措施和不同土地利用方式调整的情景设置,量化分析不同情景措施对该流域的减沙效应。结果表明,SWAT模型的模拟效果能达到模型要求的精度,2013—2017年朱溪流域年均径流量和年均泥沙量分别为4.793×10^(7)m^(3)和1.037×10^(7)kg。乔灌草混交和全坡面种草措施能有效提高植被覆盖度,减沙效果优越;不同土地利用方式下模拟得到朱溪流域单位面积年均减沙率为3.49%。以上研究结果可为红壤侵蚀流域泥沙阻控的生态恢复措施提供决策参考。

黄土高原地区水土流失对土地利用和降水变化的响应

[目的]为阐明不同降雨类型下各土地利用类型产流产沙规律,评估不同降雨类型下各土地利用类型的减流减沙效益。[方法]基于黄土高原地区自然降雨条件下31个径流场连续2年(2015—2016年)的径流量和土壤流失量监测数据,探讨不同土地利用类型(农地、撂荒地、人工草地、自然草地、灌丛地、人工林地)的产流产沙特征,明确不同降雨类型下各土地利用类型的减流减沙效率。[结果]年降雨尺度下撂荒地径流量与土壤流失量最大(30 mm,86 t/hm^(2)),人工林地最小(8 mm,24 t/hm^(2)),其他土地利用类型无显著差异。次降雨尺度下,通过聚类分析根据降雨历时、30 min最大降雨强度和降雨强度将120场降雨分为3个降雨类型。降雨类型Ⅰ:降雨历时适中(749 min),降雨量适中(35.4 mm),降雨强度适中(16.9 mm/h);降雨类型Ⅱ:降雨历时短(222 min),降雨量适中(25.2 mm),降雨强度大(23.8 mm/h);降雨类型Ⅲ:降雨历时长(1451 min),降雨量大(40.6 mm),降雨强度低(11.5 mm/h),发现径流系数在3种降雨类型下表现为Ⅱ>Ⅲ>Ⅰ,土壤流失量表现为Ⅱ>Ⅰ>Ⅲ。降雨类型Ⅰ灌丛地产生的径流系数显著高于其他土地利用类型,达到17.7%,是人工林地的2.36倍;降雨类型Ⅱ下各土地利用类型径流系数无显著差异,平均径流系数为19.9%;降雨类型Ⅲ撂荒地、人工草地、自然草地与农地的径流系数(平均14.3%)显著高于灌丛地与人工林地(平均9.0%);农地、人工草地、灌丛地和人工林地在降雨类型Ⅱ产生的土壤流失量(3.94,0.87,1.06,1.08 t/hm^(2))>降雨类型Ⅰ(1.60,0.60,0.59,0.63 t/hm^(2))>降雨类型Ⅲ(0.09,0.20,0.06,0.04 t/hm^(2))。[结论]在黄土高原地区,中低雨强的中长历时降雨条件下人工林地是有效控制水土流失的首选,在短历时强降雨条件下灌丛地与草地水土保持效果较好。

“23·7”京津冀地区暴雨洪水与土壤侵蚀调查——以河北省邢台市临城县为例

[目的]开展“23·7”(20230729—0801)京津冀地区暴雨洪水过程及水土保持调查工作,分析小流域的暴雨洪水过程以及暴雨所造成的土壤侵蚀状况,为水土保持决策提供科学支撑。[方法]采用野外调查的方法对河北省临城县皇迷东沟和梁家庄西沟开展洪痕测量调查并计算洪峰流量模数,分析暴雨洪水对小流域造成的侵蚀危害。[结果]①该次降雨持续时间长、雨强大。梁家庄西沟和皇迷东沟流域累计雨量分别达到1008.5和613.6 mm。②按洪痕法调查推算了洪峰流量,皇迷东沟、梁家庄西沟小流域洪峰流量模数为10.80和36.07 m^(3)/(s·km^(2))。坡度和水土保持措施是影响洪峰流量的主要因素。较大的坡度会使洪峰流量变大,而完善的水土保持措施可以起到有效的削峰作用。③调查小流域位于泜河流域上游,是该次暴雨中心和洪水的主要产流区,小流域洪峰流量模数大于下游水文站洪峰流量模数。④梁家庄西沟的侵蚀情况比皇迷东沟严重,主要原因是皇迷东沟的果园、梯田和谷坊的面积比例大于梁家庄西沟,皇迷东沟的平均坡度小于梁家庄西沟且梁家庄雨量站的降雨量峰值持续时间更长。[结论]良好的水土保持措施可以有效减少洪峰流量以及侵蚀现象的发生。实施水土保持措施是必要且有效的。应该进一步完善梯田、台地谷坊的建设。

基于InVEST模型云南省生态系统服务功能综合评估

【目的】评估云南省生态系统服务价值,探究生态系统服务空间分布与时间变化特征,旨在为云南省的生态保护和可持续发展提供科学依据和决策支持。【方法】基于InVEST模型,对云南省2010和2020年土壤保持、碳储量、水源涵养和水质净化服务进行评估,全面解析生态系统服务功能时空演变特征。采用分位数分割法确定各类生态系统服务边界点,拟合这些生态系统服务之间的约束关系。采用成本替代方法,定量估算云南省生态系统服务价值。【结果】(1)除水质净化服务外,其他3项服务质量整体上呈西高东低的格局;全区大部分为低氮磷负荷区,氮磷负荷量高值区较为分散。(2)在垂直分布上,除水质净化服务,其他3项服务高值区主要分布在海拔2400~2800 m区间范围内。(3)相较于2010年,2020年云南省土壤保持、碳储量服务得到改善,水源涵养与水质净化服务出现退化。(4)除2010年水质净化服务氮负荷对土壤保持服务的约束关系呈现负凸曲线,其余生态系统服务之间的约束关系为驼峰型或双驼峰型。2020年阈值较2010年整体呈现左移趋势。(5)2010—2020年,云南省综合生态系统服务价值有所下降,主要体现在水源涵养服务。2010年云南省生态系统服务总价值为1.79×10^(12)元,平均价值4.54×10^(6)元/km^(2)。2020年下降至1.71×10^(12)元,平均价值4.33×10^(6)元/km^(2)。【结论】云南省生态系统服务价值较高,2010—2020年,土壤保持与碳储量服务得到改善,水源涵养与水质净化服务出现退化。

Soil erosion assessment by RUSLE with improved P factor and its validation:Case study on mountainous and hilly areas of Hubei Province,China

The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE)is widely used to estimate regional soil erosion.However,quantitative impacts of soil and water conservation(SWC)measures on conservation practice factor(P)of the RUSLE remain largely unclear,especially for the mountainous and hilly areas.In this study,we improved the RUSLE by considering quantitative impacts of different SWC measures on the P factor value.The improved RUSLE was validated against the long-term(2000-2015)soil erosion monitoring data obtained from 96 runoff plots(15—35°)in mountainous and hilly areas of Hubei Province,China;the result presented a high accuracy with the determination coefficient of 0.89.Based on the erosion monitoring data of 2018 and 2019,the Root Mean Square Error of the result by the improved RUSLE was 28.0%smaller than that by the original RUSLE with decrement of 19.6%—24.0%in the average P factor values,indicating that the soil erosion modelling accuracy was significantly enhanced by the improved RUSLE.Relatively low P factor values appeared for farmlands with tillage measures(P<0.53),grasslands with engineering measures(P<0.23),woodlands with biological measures(P<0.28),and other land use types with biological measures(P<0.51).The soil erosion modulus showed a downward trend with the corresponding values of 1681.21,1673.14,1594.70,1482.40 and 1437.50 t km^(-2)a-1 in 2000,2005,2010,2015 and 2019,respectively.The applicability of the improved RUSLE was verified by the measurements in typical mountainous and hilly areas of Hubei Province,China,and arrangements of SWC measures of this area were proposed.

线性水利工程建设征地移民安置规划——以DTX灌区项目为例

建设征地移民安置规划是工程建设的重要组成部分,是影响工程规模参数的决定性因素之一,更是事关工程顺利推进的关键内容。灌区项目、河道整治等线性水利工程与水库类项目的占地特点存在差异,移民安置规划侧重点也有所不同。本文对线性水利工程移民安置规划进行分析探讨,并以DTX灌区项目为例进行说明,为其他线性水利工程项目建设征地移民安置规划提供参考。

“两山”理论指导下的水土保持“林-药”模式思考

植物措施是水土流失防治措施体系中最核心的措施。林下药用植物开发与利用,是农林复合经营基础上发展起来的新兴产业。以“两山”理论为指导,立足水土保持植物资源建设、开发与保护,将水土流失治理与水土保持药用植物开发相结合,探索水土保持“林-药”模式,既可创新水土流失防治模式,又可切实践行“两山”理论,实现优质的水土保持生态产品价值转化,引领水土保持高质量发展。

黄土丘陵沟壑区降雨特征对不同土地利用类型坡面产流产沙的影响

【目的】探究黄土丘陵沟壑区降雨特征及其对不同土地利用类型坡面产流产沙的影响。【方法】2019-2021年,以内蒙古达拉特旗合同沟小流域为研究区,设置5个不同土地利用类型(裸地、天然草地、灌木林地、农地、乔木林地)径流小区,监测研究区的降雨特征指标(降雨量、降雨历时、30 min最大降雨强度(I 30)、平均降雨强度、降雨侵蚀力),利用K-均值聚类法,以研究区的降雨特征指标为变量,对合同沟小流域的侵蚀性降雨进行分类;计算不同土地利用类型径流小区的径流深和土壤流失量,分析不同土地利用类型和不同降雨类型对坡面产流产沙的影响,最后分析了合同沟小流域降雨特征与不同土地利用类型坡面总径流深和总土壤流失量的相关性。【结果】(1)2019-2021年,合同沟小流域降雨分布不均匀,共发生降雨128次,其中侵蚀性降雨51次,侵蚀性降雨量占总降雨量的80.2%,且侵蚀性降雨主要集中在6-8月。(2)将侵蚀性降雨分为3类:Ⅰ类降雨(大雨量、长历时、高强度);Ⅱ类降雨(中雨量、中历时、中强度)和Ⅲ类降雨(小雨量、短历时、低强度)。与Ⅱ类降雨和Ⅲ类降雨相比,Ⅰ类降雨发生的频次较低,但其平均降雨侵蚀力较强;在同一土地利用类型下,Ⅰ类降雨造成的坡面径流深和土壤流失量均明显较大。(3)2019-2021年,不同土地利用类型径流小区坡面产流产沙特征差异明显,总径流深和总土壤流失量由大到小依次为裸地>农地>天然草地>灌木林地>乔木林地。(4)各降雨特征指标与不同土地利用类型的坡面总径流深和总土壤流失量均呈正相关关系,其中降雨量、降雨强度和I_(30)的影响较大。【结论】在黄土丘陵沟壑区,降雨量、降雨强度和I_(30)是影响坡面产流产沙的最主要指标,天然草地、乔木林地、灌木林地的减流减沙效益较好,可知农地退耕还林还草工程是减少土壤侵蚀的有效措施之一。

不同水土保持干预措施对土壤侵蚀的影响研究

以绵阳市涪江流域为例,研究不同水土保持干预措施对土壤侵蚀的影响。研究结果表明,4种干预措施的土壤损失量从高到低为无土地干预措施>有土地干预措施>牧场干预措施>柳树干预措施。其中,柳树干预措施的耕地土壤损失量最低,无土地干预措施、有土地干预措施的土壤损失量较高。通过采取适当的土地干预措施,如修建带沟渠的土堤和种植柳树,可以显著减少地表径流和排水量,达到水土保持的目的。

云南省光伏电站对区域林地的生态影响研究

以实地走访和调查访谈的方式调查了解云南省光伏电站对区域林地的生态影响。结果表明,光伏电站建设会造成电站范围内乔木和灌木的砍伐以及草本植物的割除,但植物物种个体数量和生物量无显著减少,一些电站因光伏板遮阳保湿,物种略有增加。电站建设对基因多样性的影响不大,但对生态系统有一定的影响。光伏项目的实施使林地用途改变,破坏了一定数量的地表植被,一定程度上破坏了区域内景观潜在的美学价值,但范围较小,对自然景观风貌的影响不大。项目区域内水土流失可控,通过保护措施可恢复植被,施工和运行过程有切实可行的污染及影响防治措施,污染物产生量小,排放达标。项目对区域大气、地表水、声环境及生态环境的影响小,不会导致项目所在区域环境功能的明显改变。基于调查结果,提出加强林地、生物多样性保护的技术措施,并对云南省光伏电站的建设规模作出预警,实现光伏发电产业与生态环境协同发展。