Variation Characteristics of Root Traits of Different Alfalfa Cultivars under Saline-Alkaline Stress and their Relationship with Soil Environmental Factors

Soil salinization is the main factor that threatens the growth and development of plants and limits the increase of yield.It is of great significance to study the key soil environmental factors affecting plant root traits to reveal the adaptation strategies of plants to saline-alkaline-stressed soil environments.In this study,the root biomass,root morphological parameters and root mineral nutrient content of two alfalfa cultivars with different sensitivities to alkaline stress were analyzed with black soil as the control group and the mixed saline-alkaline soil with a ratio of 7:3 between black soil and saline-alkaline soil as the saline-alkaline treatment group.At the same time,the correlation analysis of soil salinity indexes,soil nutrient indexes and the activities of key enzymes involved in soil carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus cycles was carried out.The results showed that compared with the control group,the pH,EC,and urease(URE)of the soil surrounding the roots of two alfalfa cultivars were significantly increased,while soil total nitrogen(TN),total phosphorus(TP),organic carbon(SOC),andα-glucosidase activity(AGC)were significantly decreased under saline-alkaline stress.There was no significant difference in root biomass and root morphological parameters of saline-alkaline tolerant cultivar GN under saline-alkaline stress.The number of root tips(RT),root surface area(RS)and root volume(RV)of AG were reduced by 61.16%,44.54%,and 45.31%,respectively,compared with control group.The ratios of K^(+)/Na^(+),Ca^(2+)/Na^(+)and Mg^(2+)/Na^(+)of GN were significantly higher than those of AG(p<0.05).The root fresh weight(RFW)and dry weight(RDW),root length(RL),RV and RT of alfalfa were positively regulated by soil SOC and TN,but negatively regulated by soil pH,EC,and URE(p<0.01).Root Ca^(2+)/Na+ratio was significantly positively correlated with soil TN,TP and SOC(p<0.01).The absorption of Mg and Ca ions in roots is significantly negatively regulated by soilβ-glucosidase activity(BGC)and acid phosphatase activity(APC)(p<0.05).This study improved knowledge of the relationship between root traits and soil environmental factors and offered a theoretical framework for elucidating how plant roots adapt to saline-alkaline stressed soil environments.

Effects of forest cover types and environmental factors on soil respiration dynamics in a coastal sand dune of subtropical China

Trees on sand dunes are more sensitive to environmental changes because sandy soils have extremely low water holding capacity and nutrient availability. We investigated the dynamics of soil respiration(Rs) for secondary natural Litsea forest and plantations of casuarina,pine, acacia and eucalyptus. Results show that significant diurnal variations of Rsoccurred in autumn for the eucalyptus species and in summer for the pine species, with higher mean soil respiration at night. However, significant seasonal variations of Rswere found in all five forest stands. Rschanged exponentially with soil temperatures at the 10-cm depth; the models explain 43.3–77.0% of Rs variations. Positive relationships between seasonal Rsand soil moisture varied with stands. The correlations were significant only in the secondary forest, and the eucalyptus and pine plantations. The temperature sensitivity parameter(Q10 value) of Rsranged from 1.64 in casuarina plantation to 2.32 the in secondary forest; annual Rswas highest in the secondary forest and lowest in the pine plantation. The results indicate that soil temperatures and moisture are the primary environmental controls of soil respiration and mainly act through a direct influence on roots and microbial activity. Differences in root biomass, quality of litter,and soil properties(pH, total N, available P, and exchangeable Mg) were also significant factors.

Graphene oxide influences bacterial community and soil environments of Cd-polluted Haplic Cambisols in Northeast China

Graphene oxide(GO),a carbon nanomaterial that is widely used in the environment and other industries,may pose potential risks to ecosystems,especially the soil ecosystem.Some soils in Northeast China are frequently polluted with cadmium(Cd) metal.However,there is no study on the influence of GO on the Cd-contaminated soil microbial community and soil chemical properties.In this study,Cd(100 mg kg^(-1))-polluted soils were treated with different concentrations of GO(0,25,50,150,250,and 500 mg L^(-1),expressed as T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,and T6,respectively) for 40 days.The treatment without Cd pollution and GO served as the control(CK).Then,we investigated the influence of the GO concentrations on the bacterial community and chemical properties of Cd-polluted Haplic Cambisols,the zonal soil in Northeast China.After GO addition,the richness and diversity indexes of the bacterial community in Cd-contaminated Haplic Cambisols initially increased by 0.05-33.92% at 25 mg L^(-1),then decreased by0.07-2.37% at 50 mg L^(-1),and then increased by 0.01-24.37%within 500 mg L^(-1) again.The species and abundance of bacteria varied with GO concentration,and GO significantly increased bacterial growth at 25 and 250 mg L^(-1).GO treatments influenced the bacterial community structure,and the order of similarity of the bacterial community structure was as follows:T4=T5> T1=T6> T2> T3> CK.Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria were the dominant bacteria,accounting for 36.0% and 26.2%,respectively,of soil bacteria.Different GO treatments also significantly affected the metabolic function of bacteria and further influenced the diversity of the bacterial community structure by affecting several key soil chemical properties:soil pH,organic matter and available potassium,phosphorus,and cadmium.Our results provide a theoretical basis for scientific and comprehensive evaluation of the environmental impacts of GO on the zonal forest soils of Northeast China.

Impacts of Environmental Factors on Degradation of CrylAb Insecticidal Protein in Leaf-Blade Powders of Transgenic Bt Rice

The determination of the environmental fate of Bt insecticidal protein released by Bt rice plants in paddy soils is a key issue in its ecological risk assessment. In this study, the impacts of soil water content, pH, and temperature on the degradation of CrylAb protein expressed in the leaves of Bt rice KMD2 were studied in the laboratory. Three types of paddy soils were used, i.e., blue clayey paddy soil, pale paddy soil on quaternary red soil, and marine-fluvigenic yellow loamy paddy soil. Ground powders of KMD2 leaf blades were mixed with each type of soil, and degradation dynamics of Cry lAb were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The degradation rate of CrylAb was high at the early experimental stage, but slowed down steadily at middle and later stages, which could be described by exponential equations, with the half-life period of degradation determined as 1.8-4.0 d. The soil water content, pH, and temperature could affect the degradation of CrylAb, but the effects of soil pH and temperature were relatively greater. In general, CrylAb degradations were slower under lower soil pH and temperature conditions, especially for marine-fluvigenic yellow loamy paddy soil.

滨海湿地不同水盐生境下芦苇生态化学计量特征变化及其环境解释

全球变暖后的冰川融化导致海平面上升,会进一步影响滨海湿地的地下水位和土壤水盐条件,明确滨海湿地植物应对土壤水盐环境变化的生态响应策略,可为滨海湿地植被的保护和恢复提供重要理论依据。因而,选择黄河三角洲滨海湿地优势植物芦苇为研究对象,通过调查不同地下水位梯度下芦苇的化学计量特征与土壤理化指标,探讨芦苇化学计量特征与土壤环境因子的响应关系。结果表明:(1)生长季内芦苇叶片N含量与N/P均表现为降低的趋势。生长季中期,芦苇叶片14<N/P<16,表明该地区芦苇生长受N和P共同限制。芦苇群落土壤剖面由表层向下C、N、P含量及N/P均表现为逐渐降低的趋势。芦苇群落土壤C、N含量均显著低于全国土壤C、N含量的平均值,但是土壤P含量与全国平均值比较接近,说明本地区土壤N含量相对缺乏,而P含量相对丰富。相关分析表明,叶片C含量与土壤N含量存在极显著正相关关系(P<0.01),叶片N含量与地下水位存在显著负相关关系(P<0.05),叶片P含量与土壤电导率之间存在显著正相关关系(P<0.05),叶片P含量与土壤C、N、P均存在显著相关关系,而叶片C/P、叶片N/P与土壤C、N、P也均存在显著相关关系。冗余分析表明,第一轴的环境因子解释量可达73.22%。相关分析结合冗余分析结果表明,土壤N含量、土壤P含量、土壤电导率及地下水位是影响芦苇生态化学计量特征的重要驱动因素。

宁夏罗山不同森林群落叶功能性状及其环境响应机制

以罗山自然保护区内主要的森林群落类型(青海云杉纯林、山杨纯林、青海云杉×油松混交林、山杨×油松混交林)为研究对象,测定植物的叶面积(LA)、叶干物质量(LDMC)、比叶重(SLW)、叶碳含量(LCC)、叶氮含量(LNC)和叶磷含量(LPC)6种功能性状在地形因子和土壤因子的变化规律和变异特征,分析叶功能性状间的相互关系。探明植物功能性状与环境之间的关系,基于功能性状-环境相互关系揭示荒漠草原过渡带山地森林群落植物的生长对策和资源利用能力。结果表明,叶功能性状间存在极显著的相关性,4种不同森林类型种叶功能性状存在差异性,植物为适应不同的生境,采取不同的叶性策略来适应生境。青海云杉纯林中灌木层的Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数和Margalef指数显著最低(P<0.05),草本层的物种多样性指数无显著差异,青海云杉纯林的Simpson指数显著最低,青海云杉纯林的Shannon-Wiener指数显著低于山杨纯林。4种森林群落所有样地内共出现林下植物55种,隶属24科43属。灌木层的优势种为华北紫丁香和黑果栒子;草本层的优势种为玉竹和薹草。土壤因子和海拔因子共同影响功能性状与物种多样性指标,有机质和有效磷与LA、LNC、LPC呈正相关关系,与LDMC、SLW、LCC呈负相关关系,海拔与LDMC呈正相关关系,与LA、LNC、LPC呈负相关关系。有机质、全氮、全磷与Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou均匀度指数呈正相关关系,海拔与Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou均匀度指数、Margalef指数均呈负相关关系。

Soil Nitrous Oxide Emissions Under Maize-Legume Intercropping System in the North China Plain

Many studies have focused on various agricultural management measures to reduce agricultural nitrous oxide （N2O） emission. However, few studies have investigated soil N2O emissions in intercropping systems in the North China Plain. Thus, we conducted a ifeld experiment to compare N2O emissions under monoculture and maize-legume intercropping systems. In 2010, ifve treatments, including monocultured maize （M）, maize-peanut （MP）, maize-alfalfa （MA）, maize-soybean （MS）, and maize-sweet clover （MSC） intercropping were designed to investigate this issue using the static chamber technique. In 2011, M, MP, and MS remained, and monocultured peanuts （P） and soybean （S） were added to the trial. The results showed that total production of N2O from different treatments ranged from （0.87＆#177;0.12） to （1.17＆#177;0.11） kg ha-1 in 2010, while those ranged from （3.35＆#177;0.30） to （9.10＆#177;2.09） kg ha-1 in 2011. MA and MSC had no signiifcant effect on soil N2O production compared to that of M （P＆lt;0.05）. Cumulative N2O emissions from MP in 2010 were signiifcantly lower than those from M, but the result was the opposite in 2011 （P＆lt;0.05）. MS signiifcantly reduced soil N2O emissions by 25.55 and 48.84%in 2010 and 2011, respectively （P＆lt;0.05）. Soil N2O emissions were signiifcantly correlated with soil water content, soil temperature, nitriifcation potential, soil NH4＋, and soil NO3-content （R2=0.160-0.764, P＆lt;0.01）. A stepwise linear regression analysis indicated that soil N2O release was mainly controlled by the interaction between soil moisture and soil NO3-content （R2=0.828, P＆lt;0.001）. These results indicate that MS had a coincident effect on soil N2O lfux and signiifcantly reduced soil N2O production compared to that of M over two growing seasons.

Minimizing N_20 fluxes from full-scale municipal solid waste landfill with properly selected cover soil

Municipal solid waste landfills emit nitrous oxide （N2O） gas. Assuming that the soil cover is the primary N2O source from landfills, this study tested, during a four-year project, the hypothesis that the proper use of chosen soils with fine texture minimizes N2O emissions. A full-scale sanitary landfill, a full-scale bioreactor landfill and a cell planted with Nerium indicum or Festuca arundinacea Schreb, at the Hangzhou Tianziling landfill in Hangzhou City were the test sites. The N2O emission rates from all test sites were considerably lower than those reported in the published reports. Specifically, the N2O emission rate was dependent on soil water content and nitrate concentrations in the cover soil. The effects of leachate recirculation and irrigation were minimal. Properly chosen cover soils applied to the landfills reduced N2O flux.

Effects of Different Gravel Mulched Years on Soil Microbial Flora and Physical and Chemical Properties in Gravelsand Mulched Fields

Soil microbial flora and influencing factors of soil microbes in soil and gravel-sand mixed layer（ SGSML）,roots denseness layer（ RDL）,eluviate layer（ EL） and calcium accumulation layer（ CAL） in gravel-sand mulched fields（ GSMFs） with different gravel mulched years（ 1,6,12,19 and 25 years） were studied. The results showed that in the composition of soil microbes in the GSMFs,the quantity of bacteria was the largest,followed by actinomycetes,while the number of fungi was the smallest. The total quantity of soil microorganisms in the GSMFs dropped rapidly with the increase of soil depth,which was related to the sudden decrease in the quantity of bacteria. The number of microbes in the RDL was larger than that in the SGSML with few roots due to the effects of root distribution. The number of bacteria and actinomycete in the growing season was larger than that in the non-growing season,while the quantity of fungi in the growing season was smaller than that in the non-growing season. The quantity of bacteria and fungi was the largest in the GSMFs which had been mulched with gravel for 6-12 years. With the increase of mulching time,the GSMFs aged gradually,so their quantity reduced gradually. The quantity of actinomycetes was the smallest in the GSMFs which had been mulched with gravel for 6-12 years and increased with the increase of mulching time. The number of soil microbes in the GSMFs had a good correlation with soil moisture content,p H and mulching time. Soil total carbon content was an important factor restricting the quantity of soil microbes in the GSMFs.

Rhizosphere Soil Fungal Diversity and Soil Physicochemical Properties of Different Vegetations in Tundra of Changbai Mountain

By studying the diversity and community structure of rhizosphere soil fungi of different plants in the tundra on the northern slope of Changbai Mountain, it provides theoretical support for the restoration of environmental degradation and in-depth study of fungal diversity in the tundra of Changbai Mountain. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to determine the ITS1 region of fungal amplicons, so as to analyze the diversity of fungal communities in the rhizosphere soil of six plants in the tundra of Changbai Mountain, and to analyze the correlation between the environment and the diversity and richness of fungal communities in combination with relevant soil physical and chemical factors. The diversity and richness of fungal community in the rhizosphere soil of six plants in Changbai Mountain tundra were different. The Simpson and Shannon indexes of Saxifraga stolonifera Curt were the highest, and the richness of fungal community in Dryas octopetala was the highest. The analysis of fungal community composition showed that the fungal colonies in plant rhizosphere soil samples mainly belonged to Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, which were the main dominant phyla. Mortierella, Fusarium and Sordariomycetes are common fungal genera in the rhizosphere soil of six plants, but their abundances are different among different plants. Water content was negatively correlated with fungal diversity, and TP was positively correlated with fungal community diversity. There were some differences in the composition and diversity of rhizosphere soil fungal communities of six plants in Changbai Mountain tundra. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the main soil fungal phyla in the rhizosphere of six plants in Changbai Mountain tundra. The results could provide theoretical guidance for ecological protection of Changbai Mountain tundra.

云南乌蒙山国家级自然保护区珙桐林生态化学计量特征

【目的】探究国家Ⅰ级珍稀濒危植物珙桐生态化学计量特征,揭示珙桐林生态系统养分元素状况和生长限制因子。【方法】在云南乌蒙山国家级自然保护区不同海拔段设置4个样地,编号分别为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ,利用单因素方差分析及多重比较等方法研究珙桐林叶片-凋落物-土壤3种组分C、N、P含量及其比值的差异性、相关性,用冗余分析方法探究土壤化学计量特征的响应因子。【结果】珙桐叶片C、N、P平均含量分别为520.97、22.73、1.43 g/kg,凋落物C、N、P平均含量分别为459.87、10.96、1.35 g/kg,土壤C、N、P平均含量分别为74.81、7.94、0.79 g/kg,叶片、凋落物、土壤C、N、P平均含量表现为叶片>凋落物>土壤。不同样地同一组分间土壤C、N、P含量差异显著,表现为Ⅳ>Ⅲ>Ⅱ>Ⅰ(Ⅰ:58.47±1.88、5.73±0.41、0.06±0.02 g/kg;Ⅱ:64.45±2.29、6.82±0.19、0.61±0.08 g/kg;Ⅲ:75.94±1.32、7.88±0.16、1.11±0.06 g/kg;Ⅳ:100.39±1.24、11.32±0.25、1.36±0.10 g/kg),叶片、凋落物差异不显著;同一样地不同组分间C含量差异显著,表现为叶片>凋落物>土壤,N、P含量差异不显著;不同样地同一组分、同一样地不同组分间C∶N、C∶P、N∶P存在显著差异。叶片、凋落物、土壤C、N、P含量及比值间相关性显著;海拔、非毛管孔隙度和坡度、毛管孔隙度、粉砂粒含量是影响土壤养分含量的关键环境因子。【结论】云南乌蒙山国家级自然保护区珙桐林不同海拔样地间土壤C、N、P含量及其比值存在显著差异,叶片、凋落物差异不明显,根据生态化学计量特征表明样地Ⅳ珙桐生长受P元素限制,海拔、非毛管孔隙度、坡度、毛管孔隙度、粉砂粒含量是影响珙桐林土壤养分循环的关键环境因子。

Spatial variation and soil nitrogen potential hotspots in a mixed land cover catchment on the Chinese Loess Plateau

Soil nitrogen(N) is critical to ecosystem services and environmental quality. Hotspots of soil N in areas with high soil moisture have been widely studied, however, their spatial distribution and their linkage with soil N variation have seldom been examined at a catchment scale in areas with low soil water content. We investigated the spatial variation of soil N and its hotspots in a mixed land cover catchment on the Chinese Loess Plateau and used multiple statistical methods to evaluate the effects of the critical environmental factors on soil N variation and potential hotspots. The results demonstrated that land cover, soil moisture, elevation, plan curvature and flow accumulation were the dominant factors affecting the spatial variation of soil nitrate(NN), while land cover and slope aspect were the most important factors impacting the spatial distribution of soil ammonium(AN) and total nitrogen(TN). In the studied catchment, the forestland, gully land and grassland were found to be the potential hotspots of soil NN, AN and TN accumulation, respectively. We concluded that land cover and slope aspect could be proxies to determine the potential hotspots of soil N at the catchment scale. Overall, land cover was the most important factor that resulted in the spatial variations of soil N. The findings may help us to better understand the environmental factors affecting soil N hotspots and their spatial variation at the catchment scale in terrestrial ecosystems.

Effects of amendments of paper mill sludge and nutrients on soil surface CO2 flux in northern hardwood forests

Safe and economical disposal of paper mill sludge is a key consideration for forest products industry. A study was conducted to examine the effects of amendments of sludge and nutrients on soil surface CO2 flux （Rs） in northern hardwood forests and to quantify the relationship among Rs, soil temperature, and moisture in these stands. The experiment was a randomized complete block design that included sludge-amended, fertilized, and control treatments in sugar maple （Acer saccharum Marsh） dominated hardwood forests in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, USA. Results showed that Rs was positively correlated to soil temperature （R^2 = 0.80, p 〈 0.001）, but was poorly correlated to soil moisture. Soil moisture positively affected the Rs only in the sludge-amended treatment. The Rs was significantly greater in the sludge-amended treatment than in the fertilized （p = 0.033） and the control （p = 0.048） treatments. The maximum Rs in the sludge-amended treatment was 8.8 μmol CO2 · m^ 2. s^-1, 91% and 126% greater than those in the fertilized （4.6 μmol CO2 · m^-2· s^-1） and control （3.9 μmol CO2· m^- 2· s^-1） treatments, respectively. The Rs did not differ significantly between the fertilized and control treatments. The difference in Rs between sludge-amended and the other treatments decreased with time following treatment.

天山北坡雪岭云杉森林土壤微生物群落及影响因素研究

土壤微生物是维持森林生态系统平衡与土壤养分的一个重要因素。雪岭云杉林是天山重要的生态屏障和珍贵生物资源,其生态系统的固碳能力持续提升。研究雪岭云杉森林土壤微生物群落特征及微生物与土壤养分之间的互作关系,对维持雪岭云杉森林生态系统质量,促进雪岭云杉森林生态系统可持续发展至关重要。以天山北坡雪岭云杉林表层土为研究对象,利用宏基因组技术,探究天山北坡雪岭云杉林土壤微生物群落组成和多样性及其影响因素。结果表明,天山北坡雪岭云杉林土壤微生物群落特征表现为细菌相对丰度82.5%,真菌1.3%,古菌0.5%,其他15.7%。细菌Alpha多样性在中东部和西部之间有显著性差异;古菌Beta多样性在中部与西部存在显著差异,且中部和东部之间极显著;细菌Beta多样性在3个区域之间均有显著差异,其中西部与东部极显著;真菌Beta多样性仅中部与东部存在极显著差异。古菌多样性主要受有机碳、总氮、pH和土壤湿度的影响;细菌多样性主要受氮素、pH、年均降水量和年均摄氏温度的影响;真菌群落多样性主要受微生物碳和年均摄氏温度的影响。综上说明,土壤因素和水热条件在天山北坡雪岭云杉林土壤微生物群落分布中起主要控制作用,其中pH值和年均摄氏温度是微生物类群空间分异的主导因素。该研究探讨了环境因子对雪岭云杉林土壤微生物分布的调控作用,为今后森林的经营和可持续发展提供依据。

三江平原退化湿地不同恢复方式对土壤呼吸的影响

通过对2种人工恢复湿地、自然恢复湿地和天然湿地土壤呼吸及环境因子的测定,探讨了不同恢复方式对土壤呼吸的影响。结果表明,4种湿地类型土壤呼吸通量分别为420.77(人工恢复大叶章湿地)、270.46(人工恢复瘤囊薹草湿地)、916.1(自然恢复湿地)和413.6 mg·m-2h-1(天然湿地),人工恢复大叶章湿地和自然恢复湿地土壤呼吸无显著差异(P>0.05),其他湿地类型之间差异显著(P<0.01)。DOC、NH4+-N、NO3--N、pH和V是不同恢复方式湿地土壤生态差异的主要贡献变量。土壤呼吸与pH和T存在显著正相关关系(P<0.01),与DOC、NO3--N和V存在显著负相关关系(P<0.05)。本研究中的2种人工恢复湿地土壤呼吸均低于自然恢复湿地,从减少土壤碳排放的角度来看人工恢复措施是可行且有效的。

桉树人工林土壤呼吸昼夜变化及其对环境因子的响应

以雷州半岛地区尾叶桉人工林为研究对象,采用LI-8150土壤碳通量测量系统,连续测定其土壤呼吸速率及相关环境因子的昼夜变化规律,分析土壤呼吸的时间变化特征及其对环境因子变化的响应,旨在为桉树人工林生态系统土壤碳排放估算提供数据支持。结果表明:尾叶桉人工林土壤呼吸速率昼夜变化为双峰趋势,最大值和最小值分别在4:00和16:00取得,分别为3.95μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)和3.29μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1),日均值为3.61μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)。从昼夜变化来看,土壤呼吸与土壤温度、土壤热通量呈极显著负相关。从月变化来看,土壤呼吸与土壤温、湿度均存在极显著正相关关系。土壤日碳排放量为2.59~4.56 g·m^(-2)。可见,对人工林土壤碳排放进行估算时应考虑不同时间尺度环境因子对土壤呼吸影响的方向和强度。

Distribution of Bacterial Communities in Petroleum-Contaminated Soils from the Dagang Oilfield, China

Diversity in bacterial communities was investigated along a petroleum hydrocarbon content gradient(0-0.4043 g/g)in surface(5-10 cm)and subsurface(35-40 cm)petroleum-contaminated soil samples from the Dagang Oilfield,China.Using 16S rRNA Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology and several statistical methods,the bacterial diversity of the soil was studied.Subsequently,the environmental parameters were measured to analyze its relationship with the community variation.Nonmetric multidimensional scaling and analysis of similarities indicated a significant difference in the structure of the bacterial community between the nonpetroleum-contaminated surface and subsurface soils,but no differences were observed in different depths of petroleum-contaminated soil.Meanwhile,many significant correlations were obtained between diversity in soil bacterial community and physicochemical properties.Total petroleum hydrocarbon,total organic carbon,and total nitrogen were the three important factors that had the greatest impacts on the bacterial community distribution in the long-term petroleum-contaminated soils.Our research has provided references for the bacterial community distribution along a petroleum gradient in both surface and subsurface petroleum-contaminated soils of oilfield areas.

连作对植烟土壤微生物群落与环境因子的影响及相关性分析

为探究连作对植烟土壤微生物群落和土壤环境因子的影响及其相互作用,对连作和轮作植烟土壤进行16S rRNA高通量测序,并对土壤理化性质、酶活性、酚酸类物质等环境因子进行测定。结果表明,连作植烟土壤中鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)、水恒杆菌属(Mizugakiibacter)、橙色出芽单胞菌属(Gemmatimonas)、人参土黄菌属(Flavisolibacter)相对丰度增加,细菌生态网络复杂度降低;速效钾、有效磷含量增加,水解性氮、硝态氮含量降低,转化酶活性降低,酚酸物质积累。Pearson相关性分析表明,土壤速效钾、有效磷、水解性氮、硝态氮和转化酶以及酚酸等环境因子与鞘氨醇单胞菌属、水恒杆菌属、橙色出芽单胞菌属、人参土黄菌属呈显著相关。可见,连作导致植烟土壤养分失衡,影响土壤微生物群落结构,此结论可为烤烟连作障碍研究提供理论依据。

宁夏天然草地土壤有机碳分布格局及驱动因素

【目的】草地作为重要的土壤碳库,探究其有机碳的分布格局及影响因素对缓解温室效应、草地生态系统评价以及退化草地生态恢复具有重要意义。【方法】以宁夏3种类型天然草地(草甸草原、典型草原、荒漠草原)为研究对象,在195个样地测定0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层土壤有机碳(Soil Organic Carbon,SOC)含量,利用分段结构方程模型(Segmented structural equation model)揭示土壤SOC含量与地理、气候、植被、和土壤因子的关系。【结果】在水平方向上0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层SOC平均含量分别为9.46和8.25 g/kg,草甸草原>典型草原>荒漠草原;在垂直剖面上SOC平均含量随土层深度增加而减少;由南到北呈递减的变化趋势。分段结构方程表明:在0~20和20~40 cm土层中SOC含量与TN、TP和丰富度指数呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与pH值和年均温(MAT)呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),与年降水量(MAP)没有显著关系。0~20 cm土层中,总效应由大到小依次为:气候因子(0.38)>土壤因子(0.21)>丰富度指数(0.12)。20-40 cm土层中,总效应由大到小依次为土壤因子(0.39)>气候因子(0.23)>丰富度指数(0.13)。【结论】分段结构方程结果显示雨热条件是影响表层土壤SOC含量的主要因子,TN和TP是影响深层土壤SOC含量的主要因子。

板栗人工林根际土壤微生物及环境因子特征

为板栗人工林科学施肥和土壤改良提供理论依据,对广西东兰县、天峨县、林科院、隆安县以及平乐县的板栗人工林根际土壤微生物进行高通量测序及生物信息学分析,研究根际土壤微生物群落结构、多样性差异及与土壤环境因子之间的关系。结果表明:广西5个地区板栗人工林根际土壤环境因子、微生物群落结构与多样性存在较大的差异,整体而言,东兰县板栗人工林根际土壤环境质量表现最差。板栗人工林根际土壤微生物群落优势细菌在门分类水平上均以酸杆菌门和变形菌门为主(>50%),优势真菌均以担子菌门和子囊菌门为主(>95%),而优势菌属在不同地区差异较为明显。Pearson相关性和冗余分析表明,板栗人工林根际土壤微生物群落结构、丰富度和多样性与土壤环境因子有关。土壤脲酶活性与微生物群落Shannon、Chao1、ACE指数显著正相关(P<0.05)。同时土壤脲酶活性与细菌群落优势类群酸杆菌门、Rhizomicrobium及真菌群落优势类群担子菌门、子囊菌门、红菇属、圆孢牛肝菌属、丝盖伞属、锁瑚菌属的相对丰度显著相关(P<0.05)。土壤有效磷、速效钾含量与细菌群落ACE指数显著正相关(P<0.05),并且土壤速效钾含量也是影响板栗人工林根际土壤微生物群落结构变化的重要因子。土壤脲酶活性是影响广西板栗人工林根际土壤微生物群落结构、多样性和优势菌群相对丰度变化的关键驱动因子。