Spatio-temporal Evaluation of Multi-scale Cultivated Land System Resilience in Black Soil Region from 2000 to 2019:A Case Study of Liaoning Province,Northeast China

It is of great significance to systematically analyze the cultivated land system resilience(CLSR) for the black soil protection and national food security.The CLSR is impacted by planting structure adjustment and cultivated land quality decline,posing major hidden dangers to food security.It is urgent to evaluate the CLSR at multiple spatio-temporal scales.This study took Liaoning Province in the black soil region of Northeast China as an example.Based on the resilience theory,this study constructed the CLSR evaluation system from the input-feedback perspective at the provincial-scale and the city-scale,and used the rank-sum ratio comprehensive evaluation method(RSR) to analyze the key influencing factors of CLSR in Liaoning Province and its 14 cities from 2000 to 2019.The results showed that:1) the time series changes of CLSR at the provincial-scale and the city-scale in Liaoning Province were similar,both showing an increasing trend.2) The CLSR in Liaoning Province presented a spatial pattern of ‘high in the west and low in the east’ at the city-scale.3) There were seven and six main influencing factors of CLSR at the provincial-scale and the city-scale,respectively.In addition to the net income per capita of rural households,other influencing factors of CLSR were different at the provincial-scale and the city-scale.The feedback factors were dominant at the provincial-scale,and the input factors and feedback factors were dominant at the city-scale.The results could provide a reference for the utilization of black soil and draw on the experience of regional agricultural planning and adjustment.

Evaluation and Driving Force Analysis of Cultivated Land Quality in Black Soil Region of Northeast China

Cultivated land is an important natural resource to ensure food,ecological and economic security.The cultivated land quality evaluation(CQE)is greatly significant for protecting and managing cultivated land.In this study,320 counties in the black soil region of Northeast China(BSRNC)represent the research units used to construct the CQE system measuring the soil properties(SP),cultivated land productivity(CLP),ecological environment(EE)and social economy(SE).The total of 19 factors were selected to calculate the integrated fertility index(IFI)and divided into grades.Simultaneously,we used the coupling coordination degree model to comprehensively analyze the spatial pattern of the cultivated land quality(CLQ)in the BSRNC,and use the structural equation model(SEM)to analyze the driving mechanism.The results show the following:1)The CLQ of 262 counties in the BSRNC is in a state of coupling and coordination,and the coupling and coordination degree presents a spatial distribution pattern of‘high in the southwest and northeast,low in the northwest and southeast’.The coordinated development degree of 271 counties is between 0.4 and 0.6,which is in a transitional state between coordination and disorder.2)The CLQ in the BSRNC is generally good,with an average grade of 3.High-quality cultivated land accounts for 58.45%of all counties,middle-and upper-quality cultivated land accounts for 27.05%,and poor-quality cultivated land accounts for 14.49%.3)The SEM analysis shows that the SP,CLP,EE,and SE all influence the CLQ.Among them,the SP has the largest driving force on the CLQ,while the SE has the smallest driving force on it.The results confirm that the main factors affecting the evaluation results are crop productivity level,normalized difference vegetation index,ratio vegetation index,difference vegetation index,and organic carbon content.When implementing protection measures in counties with a low CLQ,considering a balanced coordination of multiple systems and reasonably controlling the quality degradation are important.This study provides the current situation and driving factors of the CLQ in the BSRNC and will play an important role in black soil governance and utilization.

Evaluation of Cultivated Land Fertility Based on GIS at County Level

To establish a combined method of qualitative and quantitative for evaluating cultivated land fertility,visually and accurately reflect cultivated land fertility,and provide the basis for scientific management and sustainable utilization of cultivated land resources,we analyzed the cultivated land fertility in Yongning County of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.Based on GIS,we adopted Delphi approach,cluster analysis,analytic hierarchy process(AHP)and fuzzy evaluation.Results show that the fertility of cultivated land could be divided into 6 grades and the area of the first, second,third,fourth,fifth and sixth grades was 70 585.91 hm2,219 047.67 hm2,230 101.46 hm2,132 079.65 hm2,39 328.14 hm2 and 35 502.53 hm2 respectively,accounting for 9.71%,30.15%,31.67%,18.18%,5.41%and 4.89%separately.In line with major existing problems in utilization of cultivated land,we proposed some suggestions for rationally utilizing and improving cultivated land resources.

Evaluation of Soil Nutrient Content and Fertility in Main Dry Farming Regions of Laos

[Objectives]To evaluate the status of soil nutrient and fertility in main dry farming regions of Laos,and to explore differences in soil nutrient content between regions and crop types.[Methods]By collecting 57 soil samples in the 0-20 cm layer of the main dryland in southern and northern provinces of Laos.Soil pH,organic matter,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,exchangeable calcium,exchangeable magnesium and available zinc content were analyzed.[Results]The soil in the main dry farming regions of Laos was acidic,the overall fertility level was good,and the exchangeable calcium and magnesium contents were low.There were differences in soil nutrient content in the dry farming regions of southern and northern Laos.Drylands where cassava and maize were growed had higher fertility.[Conclusions]It is suggested to apply lime or alkaline fertilizer in the dry land with acid soil to increase soil pH and increase the supply of soil calcium and magnesium.Organic fertilizer should be applied to improve soil water retention capacity,and it is necessary to pay attention to the fertilization ratio of macroelements to balance fertilization.

Land Consolidation with Seedling Cultivation Could Decrease Soil Microbial PLFA Diversity

The impact of land consolidation on the soil microbial PLFA diversity is of great importance for understanding the effective arable land usage,improving agricultural ecological conditions and environment.In this study,we collected the soil samples(0–20 cm)in experimental plots with 0(Z0),1(Z1a)and 4(Z4a)years of land consolidation in the forest station of Ningbo City,Zhejiang Province,southeastern China.The results were analyzed using ANOVA for randomized block design.Compared with control(Z0),the soil pH value under Z1a treatment increased by 14.6%,soil organic carbon(SOC)content decreased by 65.4%,so did the PLFA contents and relative abundance of all the microbial PLFA diversity(P<0.05),respectively.Meanwhile,for the Z1a treatment,the ratio of fungi to bacteria(F/B)significantly decreased by 35.9%(P<0.05),while the ratio of Gram-positive bacteria to Gram-negative bacteria(G+/G−)signific antly increased by 56.1%.This was strongly related to the increased soil pH values and the decrease of SOC.The Shannon index(H)and evenness index(E)of soil microbial PLFA diversity were significantly decreased after land consolidation(P<0.05).Compared to the Z1 treatment,the microbial PLFA diversity was improved slightly.Therefore,the land consolidation could significantly affect the composition of soil microbial PLFA diversity,and decrease the soil ecosystem stability.

Evaluation of soil fertility of the shelter-forest land along the Tarim Desert Highway

To study the changes of soil fertility of the shelter-forest land along the Tarim Desert Highway, soils from the forest land were collected at the layers of 0―10 cm, 10―20 cm, 20―30 cm. Different soil fertility parameters were measured, and quantitative evaluation of soil fertility was performed by the soil integrated fertility index (IFI). The main results show that the construction of the shelter forest along the Tarim Desert Highway improved the soil physical structure, increased soil porosity and enhanced wa- ter-holding capacity. With the increase of plantation time of the shelter forest, soil microbial biomass C, N, P and the activities of six types of enzyme were enhanced, which promoted the accumulation and transformation of soil nutrients of the forest land. Consequently, the soil nutrients in 12-year-old forest land were much higher than in the newer ones and drifting sand. However, soil salt content of the older forest land was higher owing to the drip-irrigation with salt water. Through the comprehensive evalua- tion, we found that soil fertility index in the forest land was enhanced with the forest age, and it had close correlations with the growth indices of the forest trees. In summary, construction of the shelterforest along the Tarim Desert Highway accelerated the improvement of aeolian soil in the forest land, and the soil fertility improved year by year. We conclude that the forest trees grow normally under the stress of the present drip-irrigation with salt water.

基于突变理论的土地质量地球化学评价方法研究

为实现土壤肥力和土壤环境质量相结合的土地质量地球化学综合评价结果的高精度量化,依据赣南南康地区采集的6266组表层土壤样品测试结果,构建了以As、Hg、Cd、Pb、Cr含量等为基础的内梅罗指数和以有机质(SOM)、P、N、K、Mo、Mn、B、Cu、Zn含量等为基础的土壤综合肥力指数为控制因素的突变理论法土地质量地球化学综合评价方法,将内梅罗指数3.0修订为3.1,通过突变理论对数据进行标准化和归一化分析,比较原始内梅罗指数和修订内梅罗指数评价结果以及本文方法与DZ/T 0295—2016《土地质量地球化学评价规范》方法的土地质量地球化学综合等级划分结果。结果表明:研究区土壤综合肥力指数均值为0.75,总体综合肥力为Ⅲ等,土壤肥力较低;土壤综合内梅罗指数均值为0.59,总体尚清洁。采用修订后的内梅罗指数3.1计算的土壤肥力指数分界值基本呈等级等间距划分。与DZ/T 0295—2016《土地质量地球化学评价规范》评价结果比较,83.57%的结果等级未发生变化,近16%等级结果增加1个等级,主要为1级和2级升为3级和4级,未出现2个及以上等级的变化,评价结果显示3级、4级面积占比为94.11%、5.30%。本文方法可用于土地质量地球化学综合等级评价,评价结果更加数值化、精细化,评价过程更简便,是对已有土地质量地球化学综合评价方法的补充,可为土地利用、农业生产和管理提供借鉴和参考。

上海新村乡土壤养分时空变异研究与耕地质量评价

以崇明区新村乡为调查区域,基于高密度采样数据,对研究区土壤有机质、水解氮、有效磷和速效钾等土壤养分进行了时空变异特征和影响因素分析。结果表明:新村乡土壤有机质、水解氮、有效磷和速效钾的平均含量分别为19.1 g∕kg、100.6 mg∕kg、14.0 mg∕kg和136.6 mg∕kg。土壤有机质和有效磷含量偏低,土壤有机质含量大于30 g∕kg的土壤仅占2.8%,土壤有效磷含量在5—10 mg∕kg的缺磷土壤占23.3%,不同点位土壤养分的时空变化差异较大。为有效推进新村乡优质米绿色生产和土壤健康,建议推行绿肥轮作休耕、养分精准管理与根际土壤调控等技术,实现新村乡农业高质量发展。

安徽中北部耕地土壤肥力调查分析

本文基于安徽中北部耕地质量监测点监测数据,结合多年测土配方施肥和县(区)耕地质量等级年度调查结果,对该区域耕地质量进行评价。该地区耕地土壤肥力总体为中等水平,并对研究区域耕地土壤肥力现状以及存在的问题进行综合分析。提出耕地地力提升对策,包括加强耕地质量保护,增加有机质投入,加强酸化耕地治理,实施深耕深松耕作方式,开展中微量元素试验,以及完善耕地质量监测。目的是以提高耕地质量,实现耕地资源可持续利用。

老挝水稻田土壤养分状况调查与肥力评价

较全面调查了解老挝水稻田土壤养分变化状况,以期为老挝水稻田科学合理施肥提供依据。采集老挝北、中、南部11个省市典型水稻主产区土壤样本40个,分析土壤有机质、氮、磷、钾、钙、镁、锌含量和pH。老挝水稻田土壤总体呈酸性,其中97.5%水稻田土壤处在酸性和强酸性范围;土壤速效氮和有效锌含量分别为92.4~324.8、1.7~18.9 mg/kg,含量丰富;有机质和交换性镁含量分别为3.3~56.0 g/kg、3.6~184.8 mg/kg,处于中高水平;土壤有效磷、速效钾含量分别为2.1~38.7和8.8~204.5mg/kg,处于低级水平,变异性大;交换性钙含量为22.0~2 370.0 mg/kg,变异性大,含量分布不均匀。南部水稻田土壤交换性钙含量偏低,有效磷含量缺乏;中部水稻田土壤交换性镁含量偏低;北部水稻田土壤速效钾含量偏低。老挝水稻田土壤整体呈酸性和强酸性,速效钾、有效磷含量偏低,交换性钙分布不均匀,是当前老挝水稻田土壤存在的主要养分问题;不同水稻生态种植区土壤养分含量差异较大。建议施用石灰和碱性肥料以提高土壤pH,分不同种植区有针对性地增施钙镁磷肥、钾肥等化学肥料,重视有机肥的施用。

喀什地区耕地土壤养分分析及肥力评价

[目的]明确喀什地区各县市耕地土壤养分丰缺分布状况,并对土壤肥力进行系统性评价分析,为喀什地区耕地土壤养分管理及精准施肥提供科学依据,从而提高喀什地区耕地的可生产能力,促进喀什地区农业产业的可持续发展。[方法]2020—2021年在喀什地区12个行政县市区域采集1 030份耕地土壤样品,分别测定土壤pH、有机质、总氮、碱解氮、有效磷、速效氮、有效铜、有效铁、有效锰、有效锌、有效硼和有效钼含量12个养分指标,通过运用全国第二次土壤普查养分分级标准及土壤综合肥力指数分析法,对耕地土壤肥力实施了全面、系统的评估分析。[结果]喀什地区耕地土壤pH为7.47~8.63,土壤pH偏高,盐碱化现象较为严重;土壤有机质、总氮、碱解氮含量偏低,从各县市区域土壤变异系数来看,土壤中的三者普遍不高,处于中下水平;土壤有效磷和有效钾含量丰富,但土壤变异系数较高,存在分布不均衡现象;耕地土壤中有效铜、有效铁含量在各县市中含量丰富,但仍存在有效铁含量不足的地块;有效锰含量处于中等偏低水平,有效锌和有效硼含量处于中等水平,但土壤样品中的变异系数较高,存在分布不均衡现象;有效钼含量在各县市区域的土壤中含量很低。喀什地区耕地土壤的综合肥力指数为0.406 9~0.623 4,整体均值为0.504 0,喀什地区各县市的耕地土壤肥力均处于中等水平,且各县市区域的土壤肥力差异很小。喀什地区各县市的耕地土壤肥力均呈中等水平,土壤pH含量较高,有机质、总氮和碱解氮含量较低,土壤有效磷、速效钾、有效铁、有效锰、有效锌和有效硼含量存在分布不平衡现象,土壤有效钼含量较低。[结论]各县市应增加有机肥的施入量,进行土壤盐碱化改良,并结合该地的测土施肥结果,开展精准施肥方案,避免造成盲目施肥或者土壤养分不足的现象发生。

大兴安岭南麓黑土区阿荣旗耕地质量评价与障碍因素分析

明确耕地质量等级及障碍因子,对土地差异化利用和农业可持续发展具有重要意义。本研究以阿荣旗全境农田土壤为研究对象,利用GPS定点采集信息,通过专家打分、层次分析等方法计算各指标权重和隶属度,构建了16项指标为核心的耕地地力等级评价体系,研究耕地等级和量化障碍因子,分析各等级耕地分布和主要障碍因子。结果表明:根据耕地质量综合指数(IFI值),阿荣旗耕地可划分为8个等级,其中一至四等耕地面积占阿荣旗总耕地面积的95.70%。微生物多样性、灌溉排水能力、农田林网化是该区域农业生产的主要障碍因子。大兴安岭南麓黑土区阿荣旗耕地生产能力的提高,应考虑一至四等耕地的保护,五至八等耕地仅占总耕地面积的4.30%,可以实行退耕还草还林或粮草轮作等技术模式,修复生态环境,提升地力。

基于长期肥力监测的土壤养分动态变化分析

为明确耕地土壤肥力变化特征,进一步提升地力,本文基于1984年第二次土壤普查和2010—2022年20个长期定位监测点的土壤养分主要指标监测数据,分析了该地区耕地有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量动态变化情况。结果表明,2010—2022年监测点土壤有机质平均含量17.82~21.70 g/kg,碱解氮平均含量91.9~138.9 mg/kg,速效磷平均含量18.68~32.13 mg/kg和速效钾平均含量183~230 mg/kg;近13年监测点土壤有机质和碱解氮含量整体呈波动上升趋势,速效磷平均含量呈缓慢下降后逐渐平稳趋势,速效钾平均含量呈波动变化并保持相对平稳趋势,土壤总体养分趋于平衡,土壤整体肥力水平保持上升趋势。

有机肥与无机肥配施对小麦产量及土壤质量的影响

为深入探究有机肥与无机肥配施对小麦生长发育、产量形成以及土壤质量的综合效应,从而为当地小麦生产制订科学合理的施肥策略,在实现化肥减量的同时提高肥料利用效率。本试验设置了5种不同的处理方案:空白对照组(CK)、常规化肥单独施用组、化肥用量减少20%并配合有机肥施用组、化肥用量减少40%并配合有机肥施用组,以及化肥用量减少60%并配合有机肥施用组,通过田间小区试验方法进行对比研究。结果表明,不同比例的有机肥与无机肥配施方式对小麦植株生长特性、最终产量表现及土壤性质均有一定影响。其中,当化肥用量减少20%并配施有机肥的处理条件下,小麦的产量达到较优水平(8910 kg/hm^(2))。相较于单一使用化肥的情况,有机肥与无机肥合理配施不仅能够明显促进小麦的生长与高产,还能有效地改善和优化土壤质量,体现出良好的生态效益和经济效益。

张家川县耕地土壤肥力评价及空间分布特征

本研究通过对张家川县闫家乡、张家川镇、恭门镇3个乡镇的耕地土壤肥力指标进行测定,采用主成分分析法评价了土壤肥力质量,并结合GIS分析了各肥力指标及土壤综合肥力的空间变异性。结果表明:研究区耕地土壤呈碱性,其中恭门镇南部地区耕地土壤碱性较强;有机质含量中等,闫家乡有机质含量最丰富,达到16.75 mg/kg;全氮含量较丰富而速效氮缺乏,空间分布均呈现从西到东逐渐升高的特征;速效钾、有效磷的含量丰富,分别呈现东高西低、南低北高的分布趋势。主成分分析结果表明,张家川镇、恭门镇土壤速效养分供应能力强,但保肥能力较差;闫家乡土壤养分蓄积能力强。土壤综合肥力质量从高到低依次为闫家乡、张家川镇、恭门镇,呈现出东高西低的空间分布趋势。综上,研究区内土壤养分及综合肥力分布不均,需协调氮、磷、钾肥施用比例,做到“因地、因苗、因水、因时”分期精准施肥。

河南省耕地地力调查与评价

以《全国耕地类型区、耕地地力等级划分》为参照标准 ,根据河南省实际 ,将全省划分为豫东、北平原潮土耕地类型区 ,豫南湖积平原砂姜黑土耕地类型区 ,豫西、北山地丘陵褐土、红粘土耕地类型区 ,豫南低山、丘陵黄褐土耕地类型区 ,豫南稻田耕地类型区等五个耕地类型区。在此基础上 ,以土种为单元 ,采用限制因素法和综合归纳法 ,对耕地地力因素进行系统分析和评比 ,评价河南省各土种耕地地力等级。评价结果为 :一等耕地 1 0 .5 5万hm2 ;二等耕地 1 0 3.85万hm2 ;三等耕地 1 37.1 3万hm2 ;四等到十等为中低产田 ,共 5 5 6.60万hm2 ,占全省耕地总面积的 68.88%。

新增耕地土壤物质组分特征及其培肥研究

为了解土地整理新增耕地土壤物质组成及土壤肥力状况,对新增耕地土壤矿物成分、化学成分、污染元素和土壤化学性质进行了分析,分析结果将为新增耕地土壤培肥提供依据。实验结果表明新增耕地土壤养分的有效氮、磷、钾及有机质比较缺乏,必须对其进行培肥。利用固体废物对新增耕地土壤进行培肥,其成本低,工艺简单,培肥效果良好。

基于农用地分等和土壤环境质量评价的耕地综合质量评价

该文从耕地生态管护的角度出发,探讨了如何实现土壤环境质量评价与农用地分等成果的融合。基于土壤环境质量评价和农用地分等的理论和方法,该文提出了耕地综合质量评估技术,即在农用地分等所建立的等级体系基础上,引入土壤环境质量评价系数概念,进一步利用该系数对农用地利用等指数进行修订,得到耕地综合评价指数,并以河南省洛阳市为例作了实证研究。根据洛阳市耕地质量综合评价结果,与原农用地利用等别相比,无污染的耕地综合等别保持不变,有污染倾向的耕地综合等别有所下降,存在污染的耕地等别降为末等。这些评价结果可以为土地利用管理、环境污染防治规划将提供更有效的依据。

关于耕作层土壤剥离用于土壤培肥的必要条件探讨

研究目的：探讨不同区域耕作层土壤剥离用于新增耕地、劣质耕地土壤培肥的必要条件。研究方法：现象溯因法和综合分析法。研究结果：不同土壤类型的耕地其土壤肥力水平和在剖面中的分布特征不一样。研究结论：开展耕作层土壤剥离再利用应该因地制宜，使得取土区的供土状况与填土区的需土条件相互匹配。

珠三角丘陵区耕地质量综合评价及指标权重敏感性分析

快速工业化和城市化给珠三角地区的耕地造成一系列土壤环境污染问题,合理评价这些区域耕地质量对指导耕地的有效利用和保护以及实现耕地数量-质量综合平衡与管理具有重要意义。目前耕地质量评价中,较少考虑土壤污染因素,并且缺乏对指标的权重敏感性分析验证评价结果的可靠性。因此该文以珠三角土壤受污染区之一的增城区为例,综合考虑土壤肥力因素以及土壤环境评价指标,从土壤理化性质、农业生产条件、区位条件、土壤环境4个方面构建耕地质量综合评价指标体系,分析增城区耕地质量总体特征及空间布局与行政区域分布规律,在此基础上基于OAT(one-at-a-time)法来评估各指标权重的不确定性对评价结果的影响程度。结果表明:增城区耕地整体质量较高但优质耕地较少。在耕地质量综合评价中融入土壤污染因素,并对其进行微观定量分析,使得评价体系更全面。不同指标权重变化对耕地质量变化率影响的空间差异较大;对于同一指标,权重增加或减少的值相同时,其对耕地质量评价结果的敏感性相同。最大的MACR(mean absolute change rate)值3.558 2%远低于相应的权重变化率30%,表明评价结果总体相对稳定,该文初始确定的权重是合理的。该研究有助于国土相关部门更好地掌握土壤受污染区域的耕地质量,在空间多准则决策中减少不确定性影响。