This study investigated if super rice could better cope with soil water deficit and if it could have better yield performance and water use efficiency （WUE） under alternate wetting and drying （AWD） irrigation than...This study investigated if super rice could better cope with soil water deficit and if it could have better yield performance and water use efficiency （WUE） under alternate wetting and drying （AWD） irrigation than check rice. Two super rice cultivars and two elite check rice cultivars were grown in pots with three soil moisture levels, well watered （WW）, moderate water deficit （MWD） and severe water deficit （SWD）. Two cultivars, each for super rice and check rice, were grown in field with three irrigation regimes, alternate wetting and moderate drying （AWMD）, alternate wetting and severe drying （AWSD） and conventional irrigation （CI）. Compared with that under WW, grain yield was significantly decreased under MWD and SWD treatments, with less reduction for super rice than for check rice. Super rice had higher percentage of productive tillers, deeper root distribution, higher root oxidation activity, and greater aboveground biomass production at mid and late growth stages than check rice, especially under WMD and WSD. Compared with CI,AWMD increased, whereasAWSD decreased grain yield, with more increase or less decrease for super rice than for check rice. Both MWD and SWD treatments and eitherAWMD orAWSD regime significantly increased WUE compared with WW treatment or CI regime, with more increase for super rice than for check rice. The results suggest that super rice has a stronger ability to cope with soil water deficit and holds greater promising to increase both grain yield and WUE by adoption of moderate AWD irrigation.展开更多
Zero-valent iron amended biochar(ZVIB)has been proposed as a promising material in immobilizing heavy metals in paddy fields.In this study,the impacts of p H of ZVIB(p H 6.3 and p H 9.7)and watering management techniq...Zero-valent iron amended biochar(ZVIB)has been proposed as a promising material in immobilizing heavy metals in paddy fields.In this study,the impacts of p H of ZVIB(p H 6.3 and p H 9.7)and watering management techniques(watering amount in the order of CON(control,5/72)>3/72>1-3/72>3/100>1/72,with 5/72,for example,representing irrigation given to 5 cm above soil surface in 72 hr regular interval)on As and Cd bioavailability for rice and its grain yield(Yield BR)were investigated in a pot experiment.Brown rice As(As BR)content was irrelative to the watering treatments,while significantly decreased(>50%)with the addition of both ZVIB materials.The diminutions of brown rice Cd(Cd BR)content as well as the Yield BR were highly dependent on both the soil amendment materials’p H and watering amount.Among all the watering treatments,3/72 treatment(15%less irrigation water than the CON)with ZVIB 6.3 amendment was the optimum fit for simultaneous reduction of As BR(50%)and Cd BR contents(19%)as well as for significant increment(12%)of the Yield BR.Although high pH(9.7)ZVIB application could also efficiently decrease As and Cd contents in brown rice,it might risk grain yield lost if appropriate(e.g.3/72 in our study)watering management technique was not chosen.Therefore,ZVIB would be an environmentally friendly option as an amendment material with proper selection of watering management technique to utilize As and Cd co-contaminated arable soils safely for paddy cultivation.展开更多
旨在探讨不同灌溉模式对籼粳杂交稻甬优1540产量与水分利用效率的影响,并阐明其相关生理基础。本研究以甬优1540为材料,设置了3种灌溉模式,即长淹灌溉(continuous flooding,CF)、轻度干湿交替灌溉(alternate wetting and moderate dryin...旨在探讨不同灌溉模式对籼粳杂交稻甬优1540产量与水分利用效率的影响,并阐明其相关生理基础。本研究以甬优1540为材料,设置了3种灌溉模式,即长淹灌溉(continuous flooding,CF)、轻度干湿交替灌溉(alternate wetting and moderate drying, AWMD)以及重度干湿交替灌溉(alternate wetting and severe drying, AWSD)。研究结果表明,与CF相比, AWMD与AWSD均能显著提高水分利用效率,增幅分别为22.6%~25.6%与18.2%~23.1%;AWMD可以显著提高水稻产量,增幅为8.6%~10.0%,而AWSD则显著降低水稻产量,降幅为6.0%~7.5%。与CF相比, AWMD显著降低了拔节期水稻的茎蘖数、地上部干物质重、叶面积指数、移栽至齐穗期的光合势以及移栽至拔节期的作物生长速率,但显著提高了茎蘖成穗率、拔节至齐穗期的作物生长速率、主要生育期水稻根长密度、深根比、比根长、根系总吸收表面积与活跃吸收表面积,以及灌浆后2次土壤复水期的剑叶净光合速率、根系氧化力、根系与叶片中玉米素和玉米素核苷(Z+ZR)含量、籽粒中蔗糖-淀粉代谢途径关键酶活性等指标。以上结果表明, AWMD可以协同提高甬优1540产量与水分利用效率,优化根-冠生长发育特征,提高灌浆期植株生理活性,实现高产与水分高效利用,为本研究最佳水分管理模式。展开更多
【目的】研究绿肥、稻草不同还田模式对湘南地区水稻产量和土壤肥力的影响,为绿肥、稻草还田技术的推广和土壤培肥提供理论依据。【方法】2013—2018年在湘南红壤地区开展了6年田间小区定位试验,共设置6个处理,分别为冬闲+稻草不还田(CK...【目的】研究绿肥、稻草不同还田模式对湘南地区水稻产量和土壤肥力的影响,为绿肥、稻草还田技术的推广和土壤培肥提供理论依据。【方法】2013—2018年在湘南红壤地区开展了6年田间小区定位试验,共设置6个处理,分别为冬闲+稻草不还田(CK)、冬种紫云英+稻草不还田(MV)、冬闲+早稻草全部还田(RS1)、冬闲+早、晚稻草全部还田(RS2)、冬种紫云英+早稻草全部还田(RS3)、冬种紫云英+早稻草全部还田+晚稻留高茬还田(RS4),各处理均施等量化肥。每季收获后测产,计算平均产量、产量变异系数和可持续指数。2017年晚稻收获后,取0—20 cm土层土壤样品,测定其养分含量和水稳性团聚体含量。【结果】与CK相比,除R S 1处理外,其余处理早稻、晚稻和周年平均产量均显著提高,增幅分别为6.6%~24.6%、11.9%~28.8%和9.0%~26.5%,以RS4处理增产效果最显著,其晚稻和周年平均产量均显著高于其他还田处理。与CK相比,除RS1处理早稻和MV处理晚稻外,其余处理早、晚稻产量变异系数均下降,且均以RS3处理最低;除晚稻MV处理外,其余处理早、晚稻产量可持续系数保持不变或提高,且早、晚稻均以RS3处理最高。试验开展5年后,各处理土壤有机质含量与初始土壤相比均明显提高,绿肥、稻草还田处理除RS1外均显著高于CK,RS4处理还显著高于RS1处理;各处理土壤全氮含量较2013年均有所降低,但绿肥、稻草还田处理较CK下降幅度小,MV和RS3处理全氮含量显著高于CK。土壤速效钾含量除MV和RS3处理低于CK外,其他处理均有不同程度的增加。粒径>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体以RS2处理最高,达68.9%。【结论】绿肥联合早稻草全部还田和晚稻留高茬还田措施可提高土壤有机质含量,稳定土壤氮素供应的长期效果显著,是湘南红壤地区水稻高产稳产和可持续发展相对较好的耕作制度,能够有效促进水稻增产,改善土壤理化性质,稳定氮素供应。展开更多
采用土壤盆栽试验研究水溶性有机肥料对水稻抗氧化酶活性及镉吸收的影响。结果表明:施用水溶性有机肥料可提高稻谷产量,显著降低水稻孕穗期叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、灌浆期超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性;降低稻米镉含量,...采用土壤盆栽试验研究水溶性有机肥料对水稻抗氧化酶活性及镉吸收的影响。结果表明:施用水溶性有机肥料可提高稻谷产量,显著降低水稻孕穗期叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、灌浆期超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性;降低稻米镉含量,降低率为2.9%~21.5%,提高稻草镉含量,提高率为26.8%~99.1%。以750倍稀释液喷施增产幅度最大,达43.1%,基施(0.16 m L·kg^(-1))配合喷施(750倍稀释液)处理稻米降镉率最高。展开更多
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31461143015,31271641,31471438)the National Key Technology Support Program of China(2014AA10A605,216YFD0300206-4)+1 种基金the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD),Chinathe Jiangsu Creation Program for Post-graduation Students,China(KYZZ15_0364)
文摘This study investigated if super rice could better cope with soil water deficit and if it could have better yield performance and water use efficiency （WUE） under alternate wetting and drying （AWD） irrigation than check rice. Two super rice cultivars and two elite check rice cultivars were grown in pots with three soil moisture levels, well watered （WW）, moderate water deficit （MWD） and severe water deficit （SWD）. Two cultivars, each for super rice and check rice, were grown in field with three irrigation regimes, alternate wetting and moderate drying （AWMD）, alternate wetting and severe drying （AWSD） and conventional irrigation （CI）. Compared with that under WW, grain yield was significantly decreased under MWD and SWD treatments, with less reduction for super rice than for check rice. Super rice had higher percentage of productive tillers, deeper root distribution, higher root oxidation activity, and greater aboveground biomass production at mid and late growth stages than check rice, especially under WMD and WSD. Compared with CI,AWMD increased, whereasAWSD decreased grain yield, with more increase or less decrease for super rice than for check rice. Both MWD and SWD treatments and eitherAWMD orAWSD regime significantly increased WUE compared with WW treatment or CI regime, with more increase for super rice than for check rice. The results suggest that super rice has a stronger ability to cope with soil water deficit and holds greater promising to increase both grain yield and WUE by adoption of moderate AWD irrigation.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFD0801003)。
文摘Zero-valent iron amended biochar(ZVIB)has been proposed as a promising material in immobilizing heavy metals in paddy fields.In this study,the impacts of p H of ZVIB(p H 6.3 and p H 9.7)and watering management techniques(watering amount in the order of CON(control,5/72)>3/72>1-3/72>3/100>1/72,with 5/72,for example,representing irrigation given to 5 cm above soil surface in 72 hr regular interval)on As and Cd bioavailability for rice and its grain yield(Yield BR)were investigated in a pot experiment.Brown rice As(As BR)content was irrelative to the watering treatments,while significantly decreased(>50%)with the addition of both ZVIB materials.The diminutions of brown rice Cd(Cd BR)content as well as the Yield BR were highly dependent on both the soil amendment materials’p H and watering amount.Among all the watering treatments,3/72 treatment(15%less irrigation water than the CON)with ZVIB 6.3 amendment was the optimum fit for simultaneous reduction of As BR(50%)and Cd BR contents(19%)as well as for significant increment(12%)of the Yield BR.Although high pH(9.7)ZVIB application could also efficiently decrease As and Cd contents in brown rice,it might risk grain yield lost if appropriate(e.g.3/72 in our study)watering management technique was not chosen.Therefore,ZVIB would be an environmentally friendly option as an amendment material with proper selection of watering management technique to utilize As and Cd co-contaminated arable soils safely for paddy cultivation.
文摘旨在探讨不同灌溉模式对籼粳杂交稻甬优1540产量与水分利用效率的影响,并阐明其相关生理基础。本研究以甬优1540为材料,设置了3种灌溉模式,即长淹灌溉(continuous flooding,CF)、轻度干湿交替灌溉(alternate wetting and moderate drying, AWMD)以及重度干湿交替灌溉(alternate wetting and severe drying, AWSD)。研究结果表明,与CF相比, AWMD与AWSD均能显著提高水分利用效率,增幅分别为22.6%~25.6%与18.2%~23.1%;AWMD可以显著提高水稻产量,增幅为8.6%~10.0%,而AWSD则显著降低水稻产量,降幅为6.0%~7.5%。与CF相比, AWMD显著降低了拔节期水稻的茎蘖数、地上部干物质重、叶面积指数、移栽至齐穗期的光合势以及移栽至拔节期的作物生长速率,但显著提高了茎蘖成穗率、拔节至齐穗期的作物生长速率、主要生育期水稻根长密度、深根比、比根长、根系总吸收表面积与活跃吸收表面积,以及灌浆后2次土壤复水期的剑叶净光合速率、根系氧化力、根系与叶片中玉米素和玉米素核苷(Z+ZR)含量、籽粒中蔗糖-淀粉代谢途径关键酶活性等指标。以上结果表明, AWMD可以协同提高甬优1540产量与水分利用效率,优化根-冠生长发育特征,提高灌浆期植株生理活性,实现高产与水分高效利用,为本研究最佳水分管理模式。
文摘【目的】研究绿肥、稻草不同还田模式对湘南地区水稻产量和土壤肥力的影响,为绿肥、稻草还田技术的推广和土壤培肥提供理论依据。【方法】2013—2018年在湘南红壤地区开展了6年田间小区定位试验,共设置6个处理,分别为冬闲+稻草不还田(CK)、冬种紫云英+稻草不还田(MV)、冬闲+早稻草全部还田(RS1)、冬闲+早、晚稻草全部还田(RS2)、冬种紫云英+早稻草全部还田(RS3)、冬种紫云英+早稻草全部还田+晚稻留高茬还田(RS4),各处理均施等量化肥。每季收获后测产,计算平均产量、产量变异系数和可持续指数。2017年晚稻收获后,取0—20 cm土层土壤样品,测定其养分含量和水稳性团聚体含量。【结果】与CK相比,除R S 1处理外,其余处理早稻、晚稻和周年平均产量均显著提高,增幅分别为6.6%~24.6%、11.9%~28.8%和9.0%~26.5%,以RS4处理增产效果最显著,其晚稻和周年平均产量均显著高于其他还田处理。与CK相比,除RS1处理早稻和MV处理晚稻外,其余处理早、晚稻产量变异系数均下降,且均以RS3处理最低;除晚稻MV处理外,其余处理早、晚稻产量可持续系数保持不变或提高,且早、晚稻均以RS3处理最高。试验开展5年后,各处理土壤有机质含量与初始土壤相比均明显提高,绿肥、稻草还田处理除RS1外均显著高于CK,RS4处理还显著高于RS1处理;各处理土壤全氮含量较2013年均有所降低,但绿肥、稻草还田处理较CK下降幅度小,MV和RS3处理全氮含量显著高于CK。土壤速效钾含量除MV和RS3处理低于CK外,其他处理均有不同程度的增加。粒径>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体以RS2处理最高,达68.9%。【结论】绿肥联合早稻草全部还田和晚稻留高茬还田措施可提高土壤有机质含量,稳定土壤氮素供应的长期效果显著,是湘南红壤地区水稻高产稳产和可持续发展相对较好的耕作制度,能够有效促进水稻增产,改善土壤理化性质,稳定氮素供应。
文摘采用土壤盆栽试验研究水溶性有机肥料对水稻抗氧化酶活性及镉吸收的影响。结果表明:施用水溶性有机肥料可提高稻谷产量,显著降低水稻孕穗期叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、灌浆期超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性;降低稻米镉含量,降低率为2.9%~21.5%,提高稻草镉含量,提高率为26.8%~99.1%。以750倍稀释液喷施增产幅度最大,达43.1%,基施(0.16 m L·kg^(-1))配合喷施(750倍稀释液)处理稻米降镉率最高。
