The single toxicity of aniline and its derivatives and the joint toxicity of the binary mixtures of aniline and each of its derivatives with the toxic unit ratios of 1∶1, 1∶4, 4∶1 to photobacterium phosphoreum were...The single toxicity of aniline and its derivatives and the joint toxicity of the binary mixtures of aniline and each of its derivatives with the toxic unit ratios of 1∶1, 1∶4, 4∶1 to photobacterium phosphoreum were determined, respectively. The toxic unit and the additive index were used to evaluate the joint toxicity. The result shows that the joint toxicity of each of the binary mixtures of aniline and each of its derivatives is mainly simple addition of the toxicities of the two compounds. On this basis, the QSAR equation that was built from the single toxicity of aniline was used to predict the toxicity of the derivatives of aniline in the mixtures. Good agreement between the predicted and experimental values was found with R 2=0.921.展开更多
Johnson et al. (1993) showed that coexposure to UV-A between 300-400 nm enhanced the toxicity of nitrotoluenes to Phoiobacterium phosphoreum, a marine bioluminescent bacteria used in the Microtox test (Microbics Inc.)...Johnson et al. (1993) showed that coexposure to UV-A between 300-400 nm enhanced the toxicity of nitrotoluenes to Phoiobacterium phosphoreum, a marine bioluminescent bacteria used in the Microtox test (Microbics Inc.). This paper reports that UV-A photoenhanced the toxicity of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, other types of organic compounds, and some transition metals to P. phosphoreum. Coexposure to 400 μw/cm2 for 15 min increased the toxicity of psoralen, α-terthienyl, anthracene, acridine, fluoranthene,TNT, Cu2+, As3+, Ni2, and Cd2+. Phenanthrene was photoenhanced after 30 min coexposure at 400 μw/cm2+, and Mn2+ at 800 μw/cm2 aftef 15 min. Naphthalene was not enhanced at 800 μw/cm2 for 30 min展开更多
There is little information about the influence of organic solvents for low water-solubility organic compounds on Photobacterium phosphoreum toxicity test,though it appears likely that much of data were obtained by us...There is little information about the influence of organic solvents for low water-solubility organic compounds on Photobacterium phosphoreum toxicity test,though it appears likely that much of data were obtained by using solutions prepared with cosolvents or surfactants.In this study the influence of five stock solvents,including dimethyl sulphoxide（DMSO）,acetone,aether,ethanol,tetrahydrofuran,on Photobacterium phosphoreum toxicity test was measured and different effective concentration values were obtained.DMSO was selected as the most suitable solvent for organic compounds with low water-solubility according to its good characteristics and less toxicity effect on Photobacterium phospherum.Chlorobenzene and nitrobenzene with proper solubility were selected to verify the effect of DMSO on Photobacterium phosphoreum toxicity.It was demonstrated that DMSO(concentration no higher than 0.20 mol·L-1) had little effect on the toxicity of organic chemicals with relative error no more than 10%.The successful application of DMSO as cosolvent provided a good example and a good idea to improve traditional acute toxicity test of Photobacterium phosphoreum,and broadened the application to identifying the toxicity of low water-solubility organic compounds.展开更多
Comprehensive evaluation of effluents is of great importance for environmental impact assessment.In this paper,three kinds of chromeplating effluents were characterized by determining pH,conductivity and COD values.Th...Comprehensive evaluation of effluents is of great importance for environmental impact assessment.In this paper,three kinds of chromeplating effluents were characterized by determining pH,conductivity and COD values.The toxicity of these effluents to Photobacterium phosphoreum was also determined.According to the toxicity category standard,their order of toxicity intensity was obtained.Although there was a correlation between EC50,COD and conductivity to some extent,it was inappropriate to represent quantitatively the damages to organisms only by the physico-chemical properties of the chromeplating effluents.It was indicated that a combination of physico-chemical characterization and comprehensive toxicity analysis could provide the correct information for effluent discharge standards.In this study,causative toxic compound types in three kinds of electroplating effluents were also analyzed preliminarily according to conductivity,COD and EC50 values.It can provide the basis for toxicity identification evaluation of electroplating effluents.展开更多
文摘The single toxicity of aniline and its derivatives and the joint toxicity of the binary mixtures of aniline and each of its derivatives with the toxic unit ratios of 1∶1, 1∶4, 4∶1 to photobacterium phosphoreum were determined, respectively. The toxic unit and the additive index were used to evaluate the joint toxicity. The result shows that the joint toxicity of each of the binary mixtures of aniline and each of its derivatives is mainly simple addition of the toxicities of the two compounds. On this basis, the QSAR equation that was built from the single toxicity of aniline was used to predict the toxicity of the derivatives of aniline in the mixtures. Good agreement between the predicted and experimental values was found with R 2=0.921.
文摘Johnson et al. (1993) showed that coexposure to UV-A between 300-400 nm enhanced the toxicity of nitrotoluenes to Phoiobacterium phosphoreum, a marine bioluminescent bacteria used in the Microtox test (Microbics Inc.). This paper reports that UV-A photoenhanced the toxicity of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, other types of organic compounds, and some transition metals to P. phosphoreum. Coexposure to 400 μw/cm2 for 15 min increased the toxicity of psoralen, α-terthienyl, anthracene, acridine, fluoranthene,TNT, Cu2+, As3+, Ni2, and Cd2+. Phenanthrene was photoenhanced after 30 min coexposure at 400 μw/cm2+, and Mn2+ at 800 μw/cm2 aftef 15 min. Naphthalene was not enhanced at 800 μw/cm2 for 30 min
文摘There is little information about the influence of organic solvents for low water-solubility organic compounds on Photobacterium phosphoreum toxicity test,though it appears likely that much of data were obtained by using solutions prepared with cosolvents or surfactants.In this study the influence of five stock solvents,including dimethyl sulphoxide（DMSO）,acetone,aether,ethanol,tetrahydrofuran,on Photobacterium phosphoreum toxicity test was measured and different effective concentration values were obtained.DMSO was selected as the most suitable solvent for organic compounds with low water-solubility according to its good characteristics and less toxicity effect on Photobacterium phospherum.Chlorobenzene and nitrobenzene with proper solubility were selected to verify the effect of DMSO on Photobacterium phosphoreum toxicity.It was demonstrated that DMSO(concentration no higher than 0.20 mol·L-1) had little effect on the toxicity of organic chemicals with relative error no more than 10%.The successful application of DMSO as cosolvent provided a good example and a good idea to improve traditional acute toxicity test of Photobacterium phosphoreum,and broadened the application to identifying the toxicity of low water-solubility organic compounds.
文摘Comprehensive evaluation of effluents is of great importance for environmental impact assessment.In this paper,three kinds of chromeplating effluents were characterized by determining pH,conductivity and COD values.The toxicity of these effluents to Photobacterium phosphoreum was also determined.According to the toxicity category standard,their order of toxicity intensity was obtained.Although there was a correlation between EC50,COD and conductivity to some extent,it was inappropriate to represent quantitatively the damages to organisms only by the physico-chemical properties of the chromeplating effluents.It was indicated that a combination of physico-chemical characterization and comprehensive toxicity analysis could provide the correct information for effluent discharge standards.In this study,causative toxic compound types in three kinds of electroplating effluents were also analyzed preliminarily according to conductivity,COD and EC50 values.It can provide the basis for toxicity identification evaluation of electroplating effluents.
