The West Anatolia Extensional Zone, which has a width of about 300 km, is located within the Alpine-Himalayan belt and is one of the regions with intense seismic activity in the world. The most important geomorphologi...The West Anatolia Extensional Zone, which has a width of about 300 km, is located within the Alpine-Himalayan belt and is one of the regions with intense seismic activity in the world. The most important geomorphological structures in this area are three main graben structures resulting from regional N-S extension since the Early Miocene. These structures are the E-W trending Büyük Menderes, Kü?ük Menderes, and Gediz grabens. S?ke Basin is located at the SW end of the Büyük Menderes graben. The lineaments which control the NW of S?ke Basin have a length of approximately 40 km and have been defined as the Priene-Sazl? Fault(PSF). The PSF is seismically active, and the last large earthquake(the S?ke-Balat earthquake; Ms: 6.8) was produced on July 16 th of 1955. The ancient city of Priene, which was located in the study area, suffered from destructive earthquakes(in the 4 th century and 2 nd century BC, in the 2 nd century AD, during the Byzantine period and after the 12 th century BC). This study aims to reveal the effect of the PSF on the morphotectonic evolution of the region and the relative tectonic activity of the fault. To this end, it was the first time the stream length gradient index(SL: 130-1303), mountain-front sinuosity(Smf: 1.15-1.96), valley floor height and valley width ratio(Vf: 0.27-1.66), drainage basin asymmetry(AF: 0.15-0.76), hypsometric curve(HC) and hypsometric integral(HI: 0.22-0.86) and basin shape index(Bs: 1.04-5.75) along the mountain front that is formed by the PSF. Using a combination of the mountain-front sinuosity(Smf), valley floor height and valley width ratio(Vf), it is found that the uplift ratio in the region is not less than 0.05 mm/yr and the relative tectonic activity of PSF is high. According to the relative tectonic activity index(Iat) obtained from geomorphic indices, the southwest part of the PSF is relatively more active than the northeast part. As a result, I posit that the PSF has the potential to produce earthquakes in the future similarly to those that were produced in the past, and that the most destructive earthquakes will likely occur on the southwest segments of the fault according to geomorphic indices.展开更多
This paper explores the deployment of multimodal elements as appraisal resources in#Endsars civil unrest-related memes in Nigerian social media space(WhatsApp and Twitter)to express affective meanings and intersubject...This paper explores the deployment of multimodal elements as appraisal resources in#Endsars civil unrest-related memes in Nigerian social media space(WhatsApp and Twitter)to express affective meanings and intersubjective positioning.The study investigates how both verbal and non-verbal elements are deployed as appraisal resources to evaluate the trajectory of the protest.The data,which comprise thirty purposively selected Internet memes,collected between October and December,2020,were analysed qualitatively.The study shows that the meme producers,through the use of multimodal concepts such as symbolic,analytical,action,reactional processes,offer and salience,among others,project various expressions of affect,judgement and appreciation of things to create important narratives in the memes.Thus,the verbal elements are graded/upscaled through the non-verbal elements in the memes to evoke specific reactions,positive/negative,which signal intersubjective positioning about the protest and relevant social actors.The study concludes that meme producers effectively utilize multimodal elements to interrogate various expressions of attitude and inter-subjective opinions that Nigerians made about the protest and its management by the Nigerian government.展开更多
文摘The West Anatolia Extensional Zone, which has a width of about 300 km, is located within the Alpine-Himalayan belt and is one of the regions with intense seismic activity in the world. The most important geomorphological structures in this area are three main graben structures resulting from regional N-S extension since the Early Miocene. These structures are the E-W trending Büyük Menderes, Kü?ük Menderes, and Gediz grabens. S?ke Basin is located at the SW end of the Büyük Menderes graben. The lineaments which control the NW of S?ke Basin have a length of approximately 40 km and have been defined as the Priene-Sazl? Fault(PSF). The PSF is seismically active, and the last large earthquake(the S?ke-Balat earthquake; Ms: 6.8) was produced on July 16 th of 1955. The ancient city of Priene, which was located in the study area, suffered from destructive earthquakes(in the 4 th century and 2 nd century BC, in the 2 nd century AD, during the Byzantine period and after the 12 th century BC). This study aims to reveal the effect of the PSF on the morphotectonic evolution of the region and the relative tectonic activity of the fault. To this end, it was the first time the stream length gradient index(SL: 130-1303), mountain-front sinuosity(Smf: 1.15-1.96), valley floor height and valley width ratio(Vf: 0.27-1.66), drainage basin asymmetry(AF: 0.15-0.76), hypsometric curve(HC) and hypsometric integral(HI: 0.22-0.86) and basin shape index(Bs: 1.04-5.75) along the mountain front that is formed by the PSF. Using a combination of the mountain-front sinuosity(Smf), valley floor height and valley width ratio(Vf), it is found that the uplift ratio in the region is not less than 0.05 mm/yr and the relative tectonic activity of PSF is high. According to the relative tectonic activity index(Iat) obtained from geomorphic indices, the southwest part of the PSF is relatively more active than the northeast part. As a result, I posit that the PSF has the potential to produce earthquakes in the future similarly to those that were produced in the past, and that the most destructive earthquakes will likely occur on the southwest segments of the fault according to geomorphic indices.
文摘This paper explores the deployment of multimodal elements as appraisal resources in#Endsars civil unrest-related memes in Nigerian social media space(WhatsApp and Twitter)to express affective meanings and intersubjective positioning.The study investigates how both verbal and non-verbal elements are deployed as appraisal resources to evaluate the trajectory of the protest.The data,which comprise thirty purposively selected Internet memes,collected between October and December,2020,were analysed qualitatively.The study shows that the meme producers,through the use of multimodal concepts such as symbolic,analytical,action,reactional processes,offer and salience,among others,project various expressions of affect,judgement and appreciation of things to create important narratives in the memes.Thus,the verbal elements are graded/upscaled through the non-verbal elements in the memes to evoke specific reactions,positive/negative,which signal intersubjective positioning about the protest and relevant social actors.The study concludes that meme producers effectively utilize multimodal elements to interrogate various expressions of attitude and inter-subjective opinions that Nigerians made about the protest and its management by the Nigerian government.
