Study on Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and Physiology and Biochemistry of Solanum nigrum L. under Glyphosate Stress

[Objectives] This study was conducted to investigate the scientific prevention and control of Solanum nigrum L. [Methods] Through experiments on S. nigrum from different sources, it was found that glyphosate stress had significant effects on antioxidant enzyme activity and oxidative damage of sensitive S. nigrum plants. [Results] Sensitive S. nigrum showed oxidative damage under glyphosate stress, while resistant S. nigrum responded to adversity damage by improving its antioxidant enzyme activity. The experimental results showed that the antioxidant enzymes and reduced glutathione of S. nigrum had certain metabolic detoxification effects under glyphosate stress. [Conclusions] This study provides a theoretical basis for scientific prevention and control of S. nigrum , and has a certain reference value for revealing the glyphosate resistance mechanism of S. nigrum .

土壤镉胁迫对龙葵(Solanum nigrum L.)幼苗生长及生理特性的影响

采用盆栽试验研究了不同浓度Cd(0、10、20、40、80、160 mg·kg-1)处理下,龙葵(Solanum nigrum L.)幼苗对氮(N)、磷(P)和钾(K)吸收及质膜ATPase活性的影响。结果表明,土壤添加Cd浓度≤40 mg·kg-1时显著促进龙葵幼苗生长及生物量的积累与分配,添加Cd浓度>40 mg·kg-1时抑制作用加强;叶绿素含量随Cd添加浓度的增大而下降,在较低浓度Cd(10 mg·kg-1)处理时,显著提高叶绿素含量。随Cd添加浓度的增加,根、茎、叶和果实中的全N、全P和全K含量先升后降(除茎全P降低外);叶片中的Cd积累量最高,茎次之,果实中最低;丙二醛含量与过氧化氢酶(CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性增大,但超氧化物歧化酶(POD)活性先升后降;幼苗地上(茎与叶)和地下(根)部H+-ATP以及地下部Ca2+-ATP酶活性随Cd添加浓度的增加不断降低,而地上部Ca2+-ATP酶活性则先升后降。这些结果表明,龙葵在高Cd胁迫(≥40 mg·kg-1)下,能通过加快根系对Cd离子积累来提高抗氧化酶(CAT和SOD)活性、降低POD与质膜ATP酶活性、改变对N、P和K的吸收,从而起到对Cd胁迫的解毒作用。

龙葵(Solanum nigrum L.)超富集镉的生理和分子机制研究进展

超富集植物在重金属污染土壤植物修复中具有重要的应用前景,已成为一种重要的生物资源。自2005年发现龙葵(Solanum nigrum L.)能超量富集镉以来,中国国内外围绕其超富集镉的机制和土壤修复应用开展了很多研究。本文从根系对镉的快速吸收、镉从根到地上部的有效转运以及较强的体内解毒功能(如植物细胞的区隔化、抗氧化、有机酸生成、渗透物质调节、光合和呼吸作用的维持以及氮代谢调节等)3个方面,详细综述了龙葵超富集镉的生理和分子机制。在总结相关研究成果的基础上,展望了该领域今后的发展趋势,建议应结合光合生化模型研究龙葵对镉的光合响应机制,并通过基因编辑技术提高修复效率和优化风险评估效果,同时加强镉胁迫下龙葵信号通路的精细调控等方面研究,以期为深入揭示龙葵超富集镉的机制提供参考。

Screening of Macroporous Resin for Polysaccharide of Solanum nigrum L.

[Objectives] To screen the optimal macroporous resin for polysaccharide of Solanum nigrum L. [Methods] The polysaccharide content was taken as the indicator, and adsorption and desorption performance of 20 kinds of resin were observed and studied. [Results] Adsorption and desorption performance of 20 kinds of resin had significant difference. S-8 type macroporous resin showed the best comprehensive property. [Conclusions] S-8 type macroporous resin should be used to purify polysaccharide of S. nigrum L.

Antioxygenic Activity of <i>Solanum nigrum L.</i>Leaves in Sunflower Oil Model System and Its Thermal Stability

The antioxygenic activity of Solanum nigrum L. leaves and its various solvent extracts were evaluated using sunflower oil model system. Leaf powder and its methanol/water (80:20) soluble fraction showed strong antioxygenic activity in refined sunflower oil. On the other hand, ethyl acetate fraction exhibited marginal antioxygenic activity, whereas the water soluble fraction was practically devoid of any activity in refined sunflower oil. Thermal stability of different extracts of Solanum nigrum L. leaves heated at 80?C in refined sunflower oil also indicated the strong efficacy of methanol/water (80:20) extract to inhibit thermal oxidation. Solanum nigrum L. contain high levels of magnesium (239.0 mg/100g) and phosphorous (80.3 mg/100g). Fatty acid analysis of the lipid extracted from Solanum nigrum L. leaves indicated the presence of linoleic (59.1%) as a major fatty acid. The result of this study confirmed the presence of antioxygenic compounds in leaves, in particular its methanol/water (80:20) extracts showed great potential as a natural antioxidant to inhibit lipid peroxidation in foods.

Aromatic compounds from Solanum nigrum L.and their antioxidant activities

Solanum nigrum L.,belonging to the genus Solanum of Solanaceae family,is widely distributed in temperate and tropical regions of the world.It possesses the effects of clearing away heat and detoxification.A wide spectrum of chemical constituents have been isolated from the Solanum nigrum L.,including lignans,steroids,etc.The structures of the eight compounds were determined by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses.It is noteworthy that compounds 1–4,6 and 8 have been isolated from Solanum nigrum L.for the first time.All compounds were evaluated for their antioxidant activities by ABTS and DPPH assays.Based on the results,Solanum nigrum L.could be used as a new natural antioxidant in biomedical applications.

龙葵(Solanum nigrum L.)野外场地规模Cd污染土壤修复试验

镉（Cd）是我国重金属污染土壤中主要的污染元素之一。在污染土壤的修复措施中,植物修复是一种绿色技术,具有传统土壤治理方法所无法比拟的优点,也是现今国际环境修复的热点和前沿领域。本研究以龙葵为修复植物,进行了为期2年的野外场地规模Cd污染土壤植物修复预试验和试验研究。对修复前、后土壤Cd含量分析表明,土壤表层和亚表层Cd的去除作用明显。预试验和重复试验中,土壤表层Cd的平均减少率为6.3%和16.8%,亚表层各层Cd的减少幅度分别为50.6%和49.5%（20～40 cm）、73.5%和53.9%（40～60 cm）、80.7%或未检出（60～80 cm）。2组数据表明,在农田土壤条件下,龙葵植株可产生较大的生物量,从而提高对Cd的积累与运移能力;采用植物修复技术可实现轻、中度Cd污染土壤的修复,以实现农业生产的良性循环。

镉对龙葵(Solanum nigrum L．)根系形态及部分生理指标的影响

以龙葵（Solanum nigrum L）为材料，水培法设置了5个镉质量浓度：0、10、25、50、100mg·L^-1进行试验。在处理17d和34d时，分别对其根系形态和部分生理指标进行测定。结果表明：（1）中低质量浓度（10～50mg·L^-1）的镉促进龙葵根系生长，表现在处理17d时其根长、体积均随镉质量浓度升高而增加；高质量浓度（100mg·L^-1）的镉抑制根系生长，表现在处理34d时其根长、体积、直径低于对照，根长达到届著水平。随着镉处理时间的延长，10mg·L^-1促进效果明品，表现为处理34d时其根长、体积、直径均达到最大值，100mg·L^-1抑制程度加剧，表现为其根长、体积、直径均急剧下降；（2）0～50mg·L^-1的Pro含量和质膜透性与对照相比差异不显著，100mg·L^-1 MDA与Pro含量均冠著高于对照，100mg·L^-1的质膜透性在处理34d时比对照增加了58．7％。说明高质量浓度镉使龙葵积累了大量的MDA和Pro，对龙葵表现出毒害作用，而龙葵作为超积累植物对镉胁迫表现出一定的耐性与适应性。

外源表油菜素内酯对镉胁迫下龙葵(Solanum nigrum L.)的缓解作用

为了解外源表油菜素内酯(EBL)对龙葵镉(Cd)胁迫的调节作用,对100μmol L-1 Cd胁迫处理7 d和20 d后的龙葵喷施10-9、10-5 mol L-1 EBL 7 d,研究其生长状况、不同器官的生理生化作用以及3个泛素基因(Rma1、BUB、UBC)的表达变化.结果表明:与对照相比,Cd胁迫下龙葵叶片和根部MDA含量、抗氧化酶(POD、SOD、CAT)活性升高,表明Cd对龙葵有一定的毒害作用.与单一Cd胁迫相比,外源EBL(10-9、10-5 mol L-1)处理下龙葵株高、根长、干重、鲜重显著(P<0.05)增加,而叶绿素含量增加不显著.与单一Cd胁迫7 d相比,EBL(10-9、10-5 mol L-1)+Cd处理组叶片和根部抗氧化酶活性增加不显著,其中10-9 mol L-1 EBL+Cd处理组叶片MDA含量显著(P<0.05)降低,泛素基因UBC、Rma1表达上调;10-5 mol L-1EBL+Cd处理组叶片Rma1表达上调.与单一Cd胁迫20 d相比,10-9 mol L-1 EBL+Cd处理组叶片和根部MDA含量降低显著(P<0.05),叶片和根部SOD、CAT活性以及叶片POD活性增加显著(P<0.05),叶片Rma1基因和根部BUB、UBC基因表达上调;10-5 mol L-1 EBL+Cd处理组叶片BUB、UBC基因和根部UBC基因表达上调.本研究表明Cd胁迫后,EBL通过提高叶片和根部抗氧化酶系统活性,减轻膜脂过氧化程度来缓解Cd胁迫对龙葵的损伤,并且泛素Rma1、BUB、UBC基因参与该过程,且表达存在时空特异性;当Cd胁迫20 d时,以10-9 mol L-1 EBL对龙葵的缓解作用更为显著.

The effects of different electrode materials on seed germination of Solanum nigrum L.and its Cd accumulation in soil

The effects of different electrode on Solanum nigrum L.seed germination were determined.The result showed that germination percentage(GP)of seeds in treatment T2(titanium elec-trode)was 26.6%higher than in control(CK,without electric field).High potassium and calcium concentrations were beneficial for seed enzymatic activity in treatment T2,which could partly explain the increase in GP.Cd accumulation(μg/pot)in S.nigrum treated with any electric field was significantly higher(p<0.05)than in CK without electric field.Specif-ically,Cd accumulation under the treatment T3(stainless steel electrode)was the highest both in roots and shoots;this accumulation in shoots and roots were 74.7%and 67.4%higher for stainless steel than in CK.This increase must have been associated with a higher Cd concentration in plants and did not exert a significant effect on the biomass.In par-ticular,Cd concentrations in roots and shoots under stainless steel treatment were both significantly higher than in CK(p<0.05),which had to be related to the higher available Cd concentration in the soil in the middle region.Furthermore,it could be attributed to al-tered soil pH and other soil properties.Moreover,none of the biomasses were significantly affected(p<0.05)by different electrode materials compared to CK.

2,4-EBL对不同浓度镉胁迫下龙葵(Solanum nigrum L.)幼苗的缓解作用

为探究外源2,4-表油菜素内酯(2,4-Epicastasterone,2,4-EBL/EBL)对镉(Cd)胁迫下龙葵幼苗的影响作用。本研究以Cd超积累植物龙葵为试验材料,采用水培法,对龙葵幼苗进行不同浓度的Cd胁迫处理(0,300μmol/L,600μmol/L,1 200μmol/L)后,对其叶片喷施浓度为10^-5mol/L的EBL溶液,研究外源EBL对Cd胁迫下龙葵幼苗生长的影响,以及过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)与超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)的活性变化,丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)和可溶性糖含量及叶绿素荧光动力学参数的变化。结果表明:(1)单一Cd胁迫下,龙葵幼苗株高、鲜重、干重及SOD、POD活性呈现低促高抑趋势,随着Cd浓度的增加,抑制根的伸长,增加了MDA含量、可溶性糖含量及CAT活性,降低了PSⅡ潜在荧光活性Fv/Fo和初始光化学效率Fv/Fm。(2)EBL降低了不同浓度Cd胁迫后MDA含量,提高了根部可溶性糖含量和抗氧化酶活性及叶片PSⅡ反应中心功能。研究发现外源EBL有利于龙葵幼苗在重金属Cd胁迫下提高其抗氧化酶活性,维持膜质氧化程度、光能的捕获与转换能力,促进龙葵幼苗的生长,有效缓解Cd胁迫对龙葵幼苗生长的抑制作用,且600μmol/L Cd胁迫后喷施EBL后期(12~24 h)对龙葵幼苗缓解效果最佳。本研究为外源施用EBL提高植物耐重金属Cd能力提供理论依据。

A newly-discovered Cd-hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum L.

A systematic investigation was conducted to screen for cadmium-hyperaccumulator from 54 species in 20 weed families using outdoor pot-culture experiment and small-scale field experiment. The results from the outdoor pot-culture experiment showed that Cd concentrations in the stems and leaves of Solanum nigrum L. growing in a soil spiked with 25 mg/kg Cd were up to 103.8 and 124.6 mg/kg (DW), respectively, which was greater than 100 mg/kg, minimum Cd concentration for a Cd-hyperaccumulator. The Cdenrichment factor(EF,concentration ratio in plant to soil) in shoots was as high as 2.68. Moreover, Cd accumulation in shoots was greater than that in roots (TF, concentration ratio in shoots to roots) and the plant biomass growth was not inhibited at the Cd concentrations tested compared with the control. The results of the small-scale field experiment also showed that the characteristics of Cd accumulation in S. nigrum were all consistent with the characteristics of Cd-hyperaccumulators. Thus S. nigrum can be classified as a Cd-hyperaccumulator. This work is important for further research in the areas of hyperaccumulators screening, and plant-tolerance physiology and evolution. It provides a pat- entable new plant species for phytoremediation of Cd-con- taminated soils.

Stress Effect of Cadmium Absorption between Aloe and Solanum nigrum L

The stress effect of cadmium absorption between aloe and Solanum nigrum L was studied through a simulation experiment with different cadmium contents in soil. The results showed that the growth characteristics, biomass and Cd content in the plants of aloe and S. nigrum L were closely related to Cd content in the soil, and S. nigrum L and aloe had a strong tolerance to Cd in the experiment, pH of rhizosphere soil with S. ni- grum L and aloe planted was generally higher than that of non-rhizosphere soil, which is related to the planting pattern. Compared with aloe, S. nig- rum L had a stronger capacity to accumulate Cd, and intercropping S. nigrum L and aloe could inhibit aloe＇s absorption of Cd, which is favorable to the safe planting of aloe. In addition, S. nigrum L has the potential to restore polluted soil.

马铃薯PYL5基因对非生物胁迫的响应分析及其启动子的活性鉴定

【目的】脱落酸(ABA)作为一种“应激激素”在植物生长发育和响应干旱、盐等非生物胁迫过程中发挥重要作用,PYR/PYL/RCARs(以下简称“PYL”)作为ABA受体在多种植物中也被广泛研究。基于对马铃薯StPYL5基因生物信息学及表达模式分析,并通过对其启动子活性鉴定,为进一步揭示马铃薯StPYL5功能及抗逆育种提供依据。【方法】根据转录组数据克隆得到StPYL5基因,通过DNAMAN、MEGA等软件分析了StPYL5的分子特征;通过qPCR检测了StPYL5基因的组织特异性及其对非生物胁迫的响应;利用PlantCARE网站对StPYL5基因启动子进行了分析,并通过瞬时转化烟草对其活性进行了鉴定。【结果】StPYL5基因全长534 bp,共编码177个氨基酸,蛋白质分子量20.19 ku,理论等电点(pI)为5.97。系统进化分析显示,StPYL5与SpPYL9-like亲缘关系较近。组织特异性分析结果显示,青薯9号(QS9)中StPYL5在根和叶中表达量较高,其次分别是茎和花,在块茎中表达量较低。不同胁迫下StPYL5表达量分析表明,青薯9号(QS9)中StPYL5在干旱、低温、盐和ABA胁迫下的表达量先升高后降低,且StPYL5的表达受Me JA和SA的诱导。此外,笔者成功克隆得到2 000 bp的StPYL5基因启动子。在烟草中的瞬时转化后的组织化学染色结果表明,StPYL5基因启动子具有成功启动下游GUS报告基因表达的启动子活性。【结论】全面分析了StPYL5基因的分子特征及其在多种非生物胁迫下的表达谱,并成功克隆到具有活性的pStPYL5启动子,该结果为深入研究StPYL5基因的功能以及马铃薯抗逆育种提供依据。

茄子Whirly基因家族鉴定和表达分析

Whirly是一类能与单链DNA分子结合的植物特异转录因子,在细胞核以及细胞器内都起着广泛且复杂的作用。为探究茄子Whirly基因的功能和进化关系,本研究开展了基因家族成员生物信息学鉴定,包括系统进化关系、基因结构、保守基序及启动子中的顺式作用元件,分析了其在不同组织、外源激素处理和逆境胁迫下表达模式。结果表明,茄子Whirly基因家族包含两个家族成员,分别命名为SmWHY1和SmWHY2,它们与番茄中Whirly基因亲缘关系最近。SmWHY1和SmWHY2在不同组织中均能表达,在叶片中SmWHY1的表达水平高于SmWHY2,在其他组织中SmWHY2的表达水平高于SmWHY1。两个基因的表达均受到脱落酸、茉莉酸甲酯、水杨酸、低温胁迫和病原菌诱导,但不同处理或基因型响应程度存在差异,在抗绵疫病种质G114中能够保持较高的表达水平。以上结果表明SmWHY1和SmWHY2可能在调控茄子生长发育和逆境响应中具有重要作用。

Microwave-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from solanum nigrum

The microwave-assisted method was used to extract polysaccharides from solanum nigrum. The optimum experimental parameters, mechanism of the extraction and the effect of microwave-assisted extraction process on the structures of polysaccharides were investigated. The extract was analyzed by the modified phenol-sulfuric acid method at 490nm. The optimum experimental parameters were obtained by orthogonal experiments as follows: extraction time 15min, microwave radiation power 455W and the process ratio of materials mass to solvent volume 1∶20. The results show that compared with the conventional reflux extraction, the microwave-assisted extraction has a higher yield in shorter time, with no effect on the finally obtained polysaccharides as seen from the FT-IR spectra. The scanning electron microscopy images reveal that the mechanism of the extraction is related to the structural changes of the plant cells in different extracting conditions.

HPLC多指标成分定量、化学计量学及熵权-TOPSIS分析在龙葵综合质量评价中的应用

目的建立不同产地龙葵中11个成分含量同步检测方法,并采用化学计量学和熵权-TOPSIS法对其质量进行评价。方法收集8省17个批次龙葵样品,采用HPLC法同时检测龙葵中梣皮树脂醇、松脂素、槲皮素、芦丁、澳洲茄碱、澳洲茄边碱、客西茄碱、澳洲茄胺、去半乳糖替告皂苷、薯蓣皂苷元和β-谷甾醇的含量,建立龙葵多组分定量控制模式;采用化学识别模式和熵权-TOPSIS法建立龙葵质量优劣评价模型,对其整体质量进行综合评价。结果11个成分分别在0.78~39.00,0.55~27.50,0.34~17.00,0.21~10.50,41.87~2093.50,60.95~3047.50,2.58~129.00,1.02~51.00,0.46~23.00,1.05~52.50,0.42~21.00μg/mL(r>0.9990)范围内线性关系良好,平均加样回收率在96.81%~100.28%范围内(RSD<2.0%,n=9);17批样品聚为3类;澳洲茄边碱、澳洲茄碱、去半乳糖替告皂苷和梣皮树醇可能是影响龙葵产品质量主要潜在标志物;熵权-TOPSIS法分析结果显示17批龙葵质量评价贴近度分别为0.4336、0.4168、0.6242、0.5008、0.4791、0.6361、0.5683、0.2500、0.1909、0.2221、0.1707、0.7200、0.6983、0.7447、0.7179、0.7209、0.7183,辽宁、吉林和黑龙江产地龙葵整体质量较好,其次为江苏、河南和安徽产地。结论建立的同时测定龙葵中11种成分含量的HPLC法,操作便捷,结果准确;化学计量学及熵权-TOPSIS法客观全面,可用于龙葵的整体质量评价。

Nutritional and Antioxidant Evaluation and Effect of Eggplant Consumption on Anthropometric and Hematologic Parameters in Wistar Rats

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the nutritional quality of green and purple eggplant, their antioxidant activity and their nutritional efficacy on Wistar rats. For nutritional quality, the parameters measured are dry matter, protein, lipid, ash, carbohydrate, iron, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and energy content. For antioxidant activity, the parameters measured are 50% DDPH free radical inhibition concentration and total polyphenol content. Nutritional efficacy was evaluated in rats fed the control diet and in rats fed the three treated diets containing eggplant meal obtained by replacing 5%, 10%, and 15% of the control diet. The parameters measured are the amount consumed, the weight of the animal and target organs, and hematologic parameters. The results of the nutritional analysis show the following values: 13.31% protein, 2.66% lipids, 0.84% calcium, 0.12% magnesium, 0.43% phosphorus for the Solanum aethiopicum L. species and 13.47% protein, 3.66% lipids, 0.36% calcium, 0.22% magnesium, 0.35% phosphorus for the Solanum melongena L. species. In terms of antioxidant activity, we obtained DDPH inhibition percentages of 40.28 mg/ml for Solanum aethiopicum L. and 12.42 mg/ml for Solanum melongena L., respectively. Finally, hematologic and anthropometric tests showed that for the different diets used, weight loss and an increase in hematologic parameters were observed in the rats tested. This study showed that eggplant has interesting nutritional characteristics and antioxidant activity, contributing to an increase in weight and anthropometric parameters.

Role of Silver Nitrate on in Vitro Flowering and Shoot Regeneration of Solanum nigrum (L.)—An Important Multipurpose Medicinal Plant

Silver nitrate induced MS media enhanced multiple shoot regeneration and in vitro flowering from axillary bud and leaf explants of Solanum nigrum (L.) an important antiulcer medicinal plant. Healthy axillary bud and leaf explants were inoculated on MS medium supplemented with BAP/Kn (1.0 - 2.0 mg/l) in combination with IAA/NAA (0.5 mg/l) and AgNO3 (0.1 - 1.0 mg/l). The explants were responded effectively and good regeneration frequencies were observed in all the combinations of silver nitrate tested when compared to control. Maximum number of multiple shoots (34.3) was found in leaf explants cultured on MS media supplemented with BAP (2.0 mg/l), NAA (0.5 mg/l) and AgNO3 (0.4 mg/l). These regenerated shoots were sub-cultured on to the flowering media. Maximum number of in vitro flowers (12) was obtained from axillary bud explants in BAP (2.0 mg/l), Kn (1.0 mg/l), IAA (0.5 mg/l) and AgNO3 (6.0 mg/l) supplemented media when compared to leaf (4) and control. All the in vitro raised shoots were transferred to rooting medium supplemented with NAA, IBA (1.0 - 2.0 mg/l) and AgNO3 (0.1 - 0.6 mg/l). The best rooting response (24.6) was observed in 2.0 mg/l IBA + 0.4 mg/l AgNO3. The well rooted plantlets were transferred to polybags containing soil + vermiculate in 1:1 ratio for hardening and finally the hardened plantlets were transferred to field conditions.

Anti-obesity effect and UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS based metabolite profiling of Solanum nigrum leaf extract

Objective:To evaluate the antioxidant potential and pancreatic lipase inhibitory action of optimized hydroethanolic extracts of Solanum nigrum.Methods:Optimized extraction for maximum recovery of metabolites was performed using a combination of freeze-drying and ultrasonication followed by determination of antioxidant and antiobesity properties.The ultra-high performance liquid chromatography equipped with mass spectrometry was used to analyze metabolite profiling of Solanum nigrum.Computational studies were performed using molecular docking and electrostatic potential analysis for individual compounds.The hypolipidemic potential of the most potent extract was assessed in the obese mice fed on fat rich diet.Results:The 80%hydroethanolic extract exhibited the highest extract yield,total phenolic contents,total flavonoid contents along with the strongest 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity,total antioxidant power,and pancreatic lipase inhibitory properties.The 80%hydroethanolic extract not only regulated the lipid profile of obese mice but also restricted the weight gain in the liver,kidney,and heart.The 80%hydroethanolic extract also reduced alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase concentrations in serum.The effects of plant extract at 300 mg/kg body weight were quite comparable with the standard drug orlistat.Conclusions:Solanum nigrum is proved as an excellent and potent source of secondary metabolites that might be responsible for obesity mitigation.