土壤镉胁迫对龙葵(Solanum nigrum L.)幼苗生长及生理特性的影响

采用盆栽试验研究了不同浓度Cd(0、10、20、40、80、160 mg·kg-1)处理下,龙葵(Solanum nigrum L.)幼苗对氮(N)、磷(P)和钾(K)吸收及质膜ATPase活性的影响。结果表明,土壤添加Cd浓度≤40 mg·kg-1时显著促进龙葵幼苗生长及生物量的积累与分配,添加Cd浓度>40 mg·kg-1时抑制作用加强;叶绿素含量随Cd添加浓度的增大而下降,在较低浓度Cd(10 mg·kg-1)处理时,显著提高叶绿素含量。随Cd添加浓度的增加,根、茎、叶和果实中的全N、全P和全K含量先升后降(除茎全P降低外);叶片中的Cd积累量最高,茎次之,果实中最低;丙二醛含量与过氧化氢酶(CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性增大,但超氧化物歧化酶(POD)活性先升后降;幼苗地上(茎与叶)和地下(根)部H+-ATP以及地下部Ca2+-ATP酶活性随Cd添加浓度的增加不断降低,而地上部Ca2+-ATP酶活性则先升后降。这些结果表明,龙葵在高Cd胁迫(≥40 mg·kg-1)下,能通过加快根系对Cd离子积累来提高抗氧化酶(CAT和SOD)活性、降低POD与质膜ATP酶活性、改变对N、P和K的吸收,从而起到对Cd胁迫的解毒作用。

镉对龙葵(Solanum nigrum L．)根系形态及部分生理指标的影响

以龙葵（Solanum nigrum L）为材料，水培法设置了5个镉质量浓度：0、10、25、50、100mg·L^-1进行试验。在处理17d和34d时，分别对其根系形态和部分生理指标进行测定。结果表明：（1）中低质量浓度（10～50mg·L^-1）的镉促进龙葵根系生长，表现在处理17d时其根长、体积均随镉质量浓度升高而增加；高质量浓度（100mg·L^-1）的镉抑制根系生长，表现在处理34d时其根长、体积、直径低于对照，根长达到届著水平。随着镉处理时间的延长，10mg·L^-1促进效果明品，表现为处理34d时其根长、体积、直径均达到最大值，100mg·L^-1抑制程度加剧，表现为其根长、体积、直径均急剧下降；（2）0～50mg·L^-1的Pro含量和质膜透性与对照相比差异不显著，100mg·L^-1 MDA与Pro含量均冠著高于对照，100mg·L^-1的质膜透性在处理34d时比对照增加了58．7％。说明高质量浓度镉使龙葵积累了大量的MDA和Pro，对龙葵表现出毒害作用，而龙葵作为超积累植物对镉胁迫表现出一定的耐性与适应性。

龙葵(Solanum nigrum L.)超富集镉的生理和分子机制研究进展

超富集植物在重金属污染土壤植物修复中具有重要的应用前景,已成为一种重要的生物资源。自2005年发现龙葵(Solanum nigrum L.)能超量富集镉以来,中国国内外围绕其超富集镉的机制和土壤修复应用开展了很多研究。本文从根系对镉的快速吸收、镉从根到地上部的有效转运以及较强的体内解毒功能(如植物细胞的区隔化、抗氧化、有机酸生成、渗透物质调节、光合和呼吸作用的维持以及氮代谢调节等)3个方面,详细综述了龙葵超富集镉的生理和分子机制。在总结相关研究成果的基础上,展望了该领域今后的发展趋势,建议应结合光合生化模型研究龙葵对镉的光合响应机制,并通过基因编辑技术提高修复效率和优化风险评估效果,同时加强镉胁迫下龙葵信号通路的精细调控等方面研究,以期为深入揭示龙葵超富集镉的机制提供参考。

Stress Effect of Cadmium Absorption between Aloe and Solanum nigrum L

The stress effect of cadmium absorption between aloe and Solanum nigrum L was studied through a simulation experiment with different cadmium contents in soil. The results showed that the growth characteristics, biomass and Cd content in the plants of aloe and S. nigrum L were closely related to Cd content in the soil, and S. nigrum L and aloe had a strong tolerance to Cd in the experiment, pH of rhizosphere soil with S. ni- grum L and aloe planted was generally higher than that of non-rhizosphere soil, which is related to the planting pattern. Compared with aloe, S. nig- rum L had a stronger capacity to accumulate Cd, and intercropping S. nigrum L and aloe could inhibit aloe＇s absorption of Cd, which is favorable to the safe planting of aloe. In addition, S. nigrum L has the potential to restore polluted soil.

Microwave-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from solanum nigrum

The microwave-assisted method was used to extract polysaccharides from solanum nigrum. The optimum experimental parameters, mechanism of the extraction and the effect of microwave-assisted extraction process on the structures of polysaccharides were investigated. The extract was analyzed by the modified phenol-sulfuric acid method at 490nm. The optimum experimental parameters were obtained by orthogonal experiments as follows: extraction time 15min, microwave radiation power 455W and the process ratio of materials mass to solvent volume 1∶20. The results show that compared with the conventional reflux extraction, the microwave-assisted extraction has a higher yield in shorter time, with no effect on the finally obtained polysaccharides as seen from the FT-IR spectra. The scanning electron microscopy images reveal that the mechanism of the extraction is related to the structural changes of the plant cells in different extracting conditions.

Screening of Macroporous Resin for Polysaccharide of Solanum nigrum L.

[Objectives] To screen the optimal macroporous resin for polysaccharide of Solanum nigrum L. [Methods] The polysaccharide content was taken as the indicator, and adsorption and desorption performance of 20 kinds of resin were observed and studied. [Results] Adsorption and desorption performance of 20 kinds of resin had significant difference. S-8 type macroporous resin showed the best comprehensive property. [Conclusions] S-8 type macroporous resin should be used to purify polysaccharide of S. nigrum L.

Antioxygenic Activity of <i>Solanum nigrum L.</i>Leaves in Sunflower Oil Model System and Its Thermal Stability

The antioxygenic activity of Solanum nigrum L. leaves and its various solvent extracts were evaluated using sunflower oil model system. Leaf powder and its methanol/water (80:20) soluble fraction showed strong antioxygenic activity in refined sunflower oil. On the other hand, ethyl acetate fraction exhibited marginal antioxygenic activity, whereas the water soluble fraction was practically devoid of any activity in refined sunflower oil. Thermal stability of different extracts of Solanum nigrum L. leaves heated at 80?C in refined sunflower oil also indicated the strong efficacy of methanol/water (80:20) extract to inhibit thermal oxidation. Solanum nigrum L. contain high levels of magnesium (239.0 mg/100g) and phosphorous (80.3 mg/100g). Fatty acid analysis of the lipid extracted from Solanum nigrum L. leaves indicated the presence of linoleic (59.1%) as a major fatty acid. The result of this study confirmed the presence of antioxygenic compounds in leaves, in particular its methanol/water (80:20) extracts showed great potential as a natural antioxidant to inhibit lipid peroxidation in foods.

Role of Silver Nitrate on in Vitro Flowering and Shoot Regeneration of Solanum nigrum (L.)—An Important Multipurpose Medicinal Plant

Silver nitrate induced MS media enhanced multiple shoot regeneration and in vitro flowering from axillary bud and leaf explants of Solanum nigrum (L.) an important antiulcer medicinal plant. Healthy axillary bud and leaf explants were inoculated on MS medium supplemented with BAP/Kn (1.0 - 2.0 mg/l) in combination with IAA/NAA (0.5 mg/l) and AgNO3 (0.1 - 1.0 mg/l). The explants were responded effectively and good regeneration frequencies were observed in all the combinations of silver nitrate tested when compared to control. Maximum number of multiple shoots (34.3) was found in leaf explants cultured on MS media supplemented with BAP (2.0 mg/l), NAA (0.5 mg/l) and AgNO3 (0.4 mg/l). These regenerated shoots were sub-cultured on to the flowering media. Maximum number of in vitro flowers (12) was obtained from axillary bud explants in BAP (2.0 mg/l), Kn (1.0 mg/l), IAA (0.5 mg/l) and AgNO3 (6.0 mg/l) supplemented media when compared to leaf (4) and control. All the in vitro raised shoots were transferred to rooting medium supplemented with NAA, IBA (1.0 - 2.0 mg/l) and AgNO3 (0.1 - 0.6 mg/l). The best rooting response (24.6) was observed in 2.0 mg/l IBA + 0.4 mg/l AgNO3. The well rooted plantlets were transferred to polybags containing soil + vermiculate in 1:1 ratio for hardening and finally the hardened plantlets were transferred to field conditions.

Aromatic compounds from Solanum nigrum L.and their antioxidant activities

Solanum nigrum L.,belonging to the genus Solanum of Solanaceae family,is widely distributed in temperate and tropical regions of the world.It possesses the effects of clearing away heat and detoxification.A wide spectrum of chemical constituents have been isolated from the Solanum nigrum L.,including lignans,steroids,etc.The structures of the eight compounds were determined by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses.It is noteworthy that compounds 1–4,6 and 8 have been isolated from Solanum nigrum L.for the first time.All compounds were evaluated for their antioxidant activities by ABTS and DPPH assays.Based on the results,Solanum nigrum L.could be used as a new natural antioxidant in biomedical applications.

Anti-obesity effect and UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS based metabolite profiling of Solanum nigrum leaf extract

Objective:To evaluate the antioxidant potential and pancreatic lipase inhibitory action of optimized hydroethanolic extracts of Solanum nigrum.Methods:Optimized extraction for maximum recovery of metabolites was performed using a combination of freeze-drying and ultrasonication followed by determination of antioxidant and antiobesity properties.The ultra-high performance liquid chromatography equipped with mass spectrometry was used to analyze metabolite profiling of Solanum nigrum.Computational studies were performed using molecular docking and electrostatic potential analysis for individual compounds.The hypolipidemic potential of the most potent extract was assessed in the obese mice fed on fat rich diet.Results:The 80%hydroethanolic extract exhibited the highest extract yield,total phenolic contents,total flavonoid contents along with the strongest 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity,total antioxidant power,and pancreatic lipase inhibitory properties.The 80%hydroethanolic extract not only regulated the lipid profile of obese mice but also restricted the weight gain in the liver,kidney,and heart.The 80%hydroethanolic extract also reduced alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase concentrations in serum.The effects of plant extract at 300 mg/kg body weight were quite comparable with the standard drug orlistat.Conclusions:Solanum nigrum is proved as an excellent and potent source of secondary metabolites that might be responsible for obesity mitigation.

Effect of Polyethylene (LDPE) Microplastic on Remediation of Cadmium Contaminated Soil by <i>Solanum nigrum</i>L.

Solanum nigrum L. has a delightful prospect as a hyperaccumulation plant for cadmium pollution remediation, and microplastic is a new type of pollution that has received wide attention. In this study, the effects of polyethylene microplastics (LDPE) (0.135, 0.27, 0.81 and 1.35 mg·kg-1) and cadmium (20 mg·kg-1) on the growth indexes and soil physical and chemical properties of Solanum nigrum L. were investigated in a 17-day microcosm experiment. The results showed that single LDPE contamination showed a trend of low concentration promotion and medium-high concentration inhibited the growth index of Solanum nigrum L. and soil physicochemical index, and single Cd contamination was more stressful to plants than single LDPE contamination, while low concentration of LDPE could reduce the effect of Cd on soil physical and chemical properties and promote plant growth and uptake of soil nutrients. These findings suggest that high concentrations of microplastics can inhibit the growth of Solanum nigrum L. alone or in combination with Cd, rather than reducing the toxicity of Cd.

基于标准汤剂的鲜龙葵果配方颗粒质量标准研究

目的基于标准汤剂的质量评价方法,建立鲜龙葵果配方颗粒的质量标准。方法制备并计算10批鲜龙葵果标准汤剂及3批配方颗粒的出膏率;以鲜龙葵果药材为对照,采用薄层色谱法(TLC)鉴别鲜龙葵果配方颗粒的专属性;采用超高效液相色谱法(UPLC)测定鲜龙葵果配方颗粒中澳洲茄碱、澳洲茄边碱的含量,并建立鲜龙葵果配方颗粒的特征图谱,确定4个特征峰及其相对保留时间的规定范围。结果标准汤剂出膏率为(18.21±1.87)%,确定的配方颗粒的出膏率范围为12.75%~23.67%,3批配方颗粒的出膏率分别为15.90%、21.26%、18.01%。标准汤剂中澳洲茄碱含量为(24.54±1.24)mg·g^(-1),澳洲茄边碱的含量为(31.34±1.65)mg·g^(-1);3批配方颗粒中澳洲茄碱含量分别为19.3 mg·g^(-1)、18.5 mg·g^(-1)、20.4 mg·g^(-1);澳洲茄边碱含量分别为23.9 mg·g^(-1)、22.9 mg·g^(-1)、25.8 mg·g^(-1)。识别出4个共有特征峰,以澳洲茄碱为参照物峰,其余3个峰的相对保留时间规定值分别为1.13、1.70、1.85。结论本研究证明鲜龙葵果配方颗粒与标准汤剂具有质量一致性,为制定配方颗粒的质量标准提供了数据支持。

龙葵茎叶中澳洲茄碱及澳洲茄边碱的超声辅助提取工艺优化

以龙葵茎叶提取物为原料,考察提取时间、料液比、乙醇浓度、水解酸种类及浓度等因素对澳洲茄碱、澳洲茄边碱提取率的影响。结果表明:以乙醇为提取溶剂,超声辅助提取,最佳提取工艺为,乙醇浓度80%、提取时间60 min、提取温度40℃、料液比1∶20,在此条件下,龙葵茎叶中澳洲茄碱、澳洲茄边碱的含量分别为0.229%、0.141%;以10%硫酸乙醇作为提取溶剂,在料液比1∶20、提取时间60 min、提取温度80℃条件下,澳洲茄碱与澳洲茄边碱提取率分别为0.275%、0.168%,与乙醇提取相比,提取率分别提高1.2、1.19倍。实验证明:酸水解可提高龙葵茎叶中澳洲茄碱、澳洲茄边碱的提取率。

经典名方中龙葵的本草考证

通过收集整理本草古籍和现代文献,考证经典名方中龙葵的名称、基原、产地、品质、炮制、性味、功效。经考证,历代主流均以“龙葵”为正名,尚有多个别名,多源于其形态和性味功效。龙葵的正品基原应为今茄科(Solanaceae)茄属(Solanum)龙葵(Solanum nigrum),其全国均有产,常在夏秋采收,品质以茎叶色绿、带果者为佳。古代炮制多为阴干或使用鲜品,与现代较为一致,但近现代多加以切段。古今龙葵常以生品入药。古代多认为其味苦性寒且无毒,而1977年版《中国药典》载其性味苦、微甘,寒,有小毒,用于治疗疮疖肿痛、肿瘤等。古代含龙葵的方剂龙葵膏、龙葵根散、龙葵散主要用于疮疡,而人参散用于吐血;现代含龙葵的方剂白英清喉汤、软坚解毒汤、泄肺逐饮汤、山甲龙葵汤、祛瘀散结汤、龙葵苡仁汤均用于各种癌症。

聚乙烯醇—鱼明胶—龙葵花青素复合膜的制备、结构表征及性能分析

目的:筛选出结构与性能最优的聚乙烯醇—鱼明胶—龙葵花青素(PVA/FG-SNA)复合包装膜。方法:通过正交试验优化PVA-FG膜的制备工艺,采用厚度、水分含量、水蒸气透过率(WVP)、拉伸强度(TS)、断裂伸长率(EB)、傅立叶红外光谱分析(FTIR)、X衍射分析(XRD)、扫描电镜分析(SEM)、热重分析(TG)探究不同质量分数SNA对PVA-FG膜性能和微观结构的影响,并监测PVA/FG-SNA复合膜的pH颜色响应和NH_(3)灵敏度。结果:当PVA-FG复配质量比为60∶40、加热温度为95℃、加热时间为1.5 h时,PVA-FG膜的水溶性为(36.03±2.63)%,WVP为2.91×10^(-4)g·mm/(m^(2)·h·Pa);随着SNA质量分数的增加,PVA-FG膜的厚度、水分含量、WVP和EB随之增加。当SNA质量分数为0.2%时,复合膜的厚度为(0.07±0.01)mm,水分含量为(11.09±0.25)%,WVP为5.45×10^(-4)g·mm/(m^(2)·h·Pa),TS为(21.12±1.07)MPa,EB为(373.77±8.59)%,且复合膜的各组分之间相容性较好。此外,PVA/FG-0.2%SNA膜在NH_(3)气氛条件下的颜色响应良好,可作为pH指示膜。结论:PVA-FG复合基膜的疏水性能和机械性能与SNA质量分数呈负相关,SNA可显著增强膜的pH和NH_(3)敏感性。

Cd污染河道底泥修复植物优选

选用12种植物对上海市某Cd污染黑臭河道底泥进行了修复试验研究,考察了修复植物对Cd污染底泥的耐受性、富集转运特性和修复效果,以期为实际开展植物修复Cd污染河道底泥研究提供科学依据.结果表明:除移植的灯芯草(Juncus effusus L.)生长情况较差外,其余11种植物对试验底泥均有良好的耐受性;龙葵(Solanum nigrum L.)、灯芯草、金盏菊(Calendula officinalis L.)、八宝景天(Hylotelephium erythrostictum(Miq.)H.Ohba)以及大吴风草(Farfugrium japonicum(L.f.)Kitam.)地上部分的Cd质量比均高于4.50 mg/kg;苘麻(Abutilon theophrasti Medicus)、灯芯草、金盏菊、八宝景天、大吴风草以及美洲商陆(Phytolacca americana L.)对Cd的富集系数(bioaccumulation factor,BCF)与转运系数(translocation factor,TF)均大于1;龙葵、金盏菊、美洲商陆以及三叶鬼针草(Bidens pilosa L.)对Cd的提取量均高于0.30 kg/hm^(2),具有较好的修复效果,其中龙葵对试验底泥中Cd的提取量为2.84 kg/hm^(2),提取效率可达88.75%,展现出了较大的修复潜力.优选试验结果证明,龙葵可作为该地区Cd污染河道底泥的最佳修复植物.

澳洲茄碱抗肿瘤作用及机制研究进展

综述澳洲茄碱(solasonine)抗肿瘤作用及其机制的研究进展。澳洲茄碱对于肝癌、胃癌、肺癌、白血病、胰腺癌和大肠癌等疾病具有抗肿瘤作用,可以抑制癌细胞增殖、诱导癌细胞凋亡、抑制癌细胞迁移侵袭、诱导铁死亡、抑制糖酵解和降低癌细胞耐药性,可以调控Wnt/β-连环蛋白(Wnt/β-Catenin)通路、Hh信号通路、核因子-κB(NF-κB)通路、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)通路、磷脂酰肌醇3激酶/蛋白激酶B(PI3K/AKT)通路等的信号转导。

油菜、龙葵、苎麻对镉、砷复合污染农田土壤的修复效果

以油菜、龙葵、苎麻为试材,采用室内盆栽试验研究了油菜、龙葵、苎麻对耕地土壤中Cd和As的吸附效果和富集转移效应,并施加沼泽红假单胞菌和黑曲霉两种微生物,探讨了微生物对油菜、龙葵和苎麻净化重金属污染土壤的应用潜力。结果表明,油菜和龙葵对土壤中重金属Cd的吸附效果较好,表现出富集特性,而苎麻植株对Cd的吸收效果较差。其中油菜植株体内Cd含量大小表现为油菜茎杆>油菜根>油菜子,龙葵植株体内Cd含量大小表现为龙葵茎>龙葵果>龙葵根;油菜、龙葵、苎麻对土壤中As吸附效果均较差;沼泽红假单胞菌和黑曲霉两种微生物对促进油菜、龙葵和苎麻吸收土壤中Cd和As的作用均较小。油菜更适宜用作Cd重金属污染土壤的修复植物。

皖产药材龙葵的薄层色谱鉴别研究

目的采用薄层色谱法建立以薯蓣皂苷元为指标性成分的定性研究方法。方法依据中国药典2020年版四部通则(0502)的试验方法对其实验条件(以不同展开剂,不同提取方法,不同显色剂,不同点样量,不同薄层板)进行考察,最终确定其试验方法为取本品粉末2 g(过二号筛),加50 ml甲醇,超声30 min(频率45 kHz),滤过,滤液蒸干,残渣加10 ml的2 mol/L盐酸溶液,加热水解1 h,放冷,加三氯甲烷30 ml,加热回流30 min,萃取三氯甲烷液,水浴浓缩至2 ml。结果以硅胶G板为薄层板,以三氯甲烷-甲醇(20:0.2)为展开剂,以5%磷钼酸乙醇溶液为显色剂,在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰,在色谱图中,供试品和对照品的相应位置上显相同颜色的斑点。结论薄层色谱法的色谱斑点清晰,分离度好,可用于龙葵药材的薄层定性鉴别。