Genetic Variability, Heritability and Correlation of Some Morphological and Yield Components Traits in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Collections

The study was conducted with the main objective to evaluate the genetic variability, heritability, and clustering pattern exploration of morphological and yield related traits in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) collections in the bimodal rainfall agroecological zone of Cameroon using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The data obtained on morphological and yield traits were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that the viability rate of the collections varied from 77.78% to 96.55% respectively for the Maffo and Desiree collections, while the greatest number of tubers per plant varied from 4 to 18 respectively for Synergie and Desiree. The emergence rate varies from 60% to 1.66% respectively for Maffo et Doza collections. However, Desiree presents the highest TL (96.55) while Maffo shows the lowest value (77.78%). The yield per hectare varied from 1.14 to 9.3 t/h for Maffo and Doza respectively. For all the characteristics observed, Phenotypic Coefficients of Variation (PCV) were higher than Genotypic Coefficients of Variation (GCV) suggesting the role of environment in the expression of traits under observation. The highest GCV and PCV 47.55 and 58.94 respectively were observed for Diameter at the collar (DC). Most of the traits showed high GAM (>20%)) except Average Tuber Length (ATL) with a moderate value (19.8). In terms of vegetative development, the Desiree variety showed the highest performance. Based on the growth and yield results, Doza seems to be the most recommendable crop in the study area.

Transcriptome analysis reveals effects of red and blue lightemitting diodes(LEDs)on the growth,chlorophyll fluorescence and endogenous plant hormones of potato(Solanum tuberosum L.)plantlets cultured in vitro

Red and blue light illumination has been reported to significantly affect plantlet growth.Potato is an important food and feed crop in the world and potato plantlet cultured in vitro plays an important role in potato production.However,few studies have documented the effects of red and blue light on the growth of potato plantlets revealed at the transcriptome level.The objective of this study was to determine the growth and physiological responses of potato plantlets cultured in vitro under monochromatic red(RR),monochromatic blue(BB)as well as combined red and blue(RB)LEDs using the RNA-Seq technique.In total,3150 and 814 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were detected in potato plantlets under RR and BB,respectively,compared to RB(used as control).Compared to the control,the DEGs enriched in"photosynthesis"and"photosynthesis-antenna proteins"metabolic pathways were up-regulated and down-regulated by BB and RR,respectively,which might be responsible for the increases and decreases of maximum quantum yield(F_(v)/F_(m)),photochemical quantum yield(φ_(PSII)),photochemical quenching(q_(P))and electron transfer rate(ETR)in BB and RR,respectively.Potato plantlets exhibited dwarfed stems and extended leaves under BB,whereas elongated stems and small leaves were induced under RR.These dramatically altered plantlet phenotypes were associated with variable levels of endogenous plant hormones gibberellin(GAs),indoleacetic acid(IAA)and cytokinins(CKs),as assessed in stems and leaves of potato plantlets.In addition,monochromatic red and blue LEDs trigged the opposite expression profiles of DEGs identified in the"plant hormone signal transduction"metabolic pathway,which were closely related to the endogenous plant hormone levels in potato plantlets.Our results provide insights into the responses of potato plantlets cultured in vitro to red and blue LEDs at the transcriptomic level and may contribute to improvements in the micro-propagation of potato plantlets cultured in vitro from the light spectrum aspect.

Isolation of a Plasmalemma Aquaporin Encoding Gene StPIP1 from Solanum tuberosum L. and Its Expression in Transgenic Tobacco

Aquaporin （AQP） belongs to a highly conserved group of membrane proteins considered as major intrinsic proteins, which facilitate water transport across biological membranes. The discovery of AQPs in plants has resulted in a paradigm shift in the understanding of plant-water relations, however, the potential relationship between the role of aquaporins in regulating plant water balance and drought tolerance still remains elusive. In this study, the gene encoding potato AQP cDNA, StPIP1 （GenBank accession no. DQ999080）, was cloned from the leaf of potato cultivar Gannongshu 2 by reverse transcription-PCR （RT-PCR）. Sequence alignment was made by BLASTn in GenBank, the phylogenetic analysis was conducted using PHYLIPWY, the 3D structure was predicted in Swiss-Model server. Subcellular localization of StPIP1 was performed by constructing CaMV35S-StPIP1-GFP and rd29A-StPIP1-GFP fusion proteins and transient expression in onion epidermis. To understand StPIP1 physiological functions in potato under various stress conditions, the StPIP1 gene in a reverse orientation was transformed into tobacco driven by the Cauliflower mosaic virus （CMV） 35S promoter. The expression levels of transgenic and wild-type plants were assessed under various abiotic stress conditions using semi-quantitative RT-PCR, and the morphological and physiological responses of transgenic plants to different stress conditions were investigated. The expression of StPIP1 mRNA decreased in transgenic plants under non-stress and stress conditions, however, the reduction was more severer under drought stress. In both non-stress and stress conditions, StPIP1 was expressed predominantly in root. The morphological and physiological investigation showed no significant differences in growth rate, germination rate, and root fresh weight （FW） between transgenic and wild-type plants when grown under favorable conditions. In contrast, under drought stress, the reduction in StPIPI expression leads to a delay in seed germination and seedling growth, accelerated seedling wilt, and leaf morphological abnormity. Under ＂enough＂ water conditions （i.e., water culture）, the aerial parts of anti-sense plants showed no differences. However, for the aerial parts to accumulate the same amount of biomass, transgenic plants needed about 3 times more abundant root system to transport water for plant growth than wild-type plants. Morphological investigation showed that the reduction in StPIP1 expression increased the root system in transgenic plants under drought stress. As a result, the increase of root mass might compensate the reduced cellular water permeability in order to ensure a sufficient water supply for the plant. Results demonstrated that StPIP1 plays an important role for water transportation in potato, especially under drought stress conditions. The reduced expression of StPIP1 decreases the cellular water transport and influences the expression of endogenous AQPs genes and thereby, has impacts on seed germination, seedling growth, and stress responses of potato to drought conditions.

Molecular Cloning and Expression Analysis of a FT Homologous Gene from Solanum tuberosum

A homologue of flowering locus T gene, designated StFT, was isolated from Solanum tuberosum by reverse transcriptasepolymerase chain reaction （accession no. GU223211）. The DNA sequence of StFT was 1 626 bp long and contained four exons and three introns. The open reading frame of the gene was 522 bp long and encoded a putative protein of 173 amino acids with a molecular weight of 19.75 kD and a theoretical pI of 7.76. StFT protein had a conserved PBP domain and a higher degree of identity with FT homologous members from other species. Analysis on the mRNA levels of StFT showed that it was highly expressed in leaves, apical buds, flowers, and swelling stolons. Further analysis indicated that its expression was regulated by CONSTANS gene in StCOL-antisense transgenic potato plants.

Growth of Micropropagated Solanum tuberosum L.Plantlets under Artificial Solar Spectrum and Different Mono-and Polychromatic LED Lights

In agriculture,LED light sources have increasingly replaced the standard luminescent lamps and have acquired an important role in plant micropropagation.We studied the effect of different light sources such as narrow-band LEDs(bright blue,blue,green,yellow,deep red,and red)and wide-band LEDs(cold white,white,warm white,full spectrum,and an artificial solar spectrum sun box constructed by us)on development of potato plantlets in vitro.White luminescent lamps were used as a control.The light intensity of 49μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)was provided in all light treatments.We showed that the long-wave narrow-band light treatments were inapplicable for potato micropropagation,because plantlets were weak with small leaves,inhibited roots,and significantly elongated stems.Blue lights provided growth of shortened plantlets with large leaves,well-growing roots,and abundant green mass.The chlorophyll content was lower under blue and bright blue light and was at the same level in the remained treatments.Significant differences in the stomatal apparatus development were observed depending on the light source.These differences were not always reflected in the plantlet phenotype:e.g.,plantlets under blue and bright blue lights showed no differences in any characteristics except stomatal density and size of stomatal guard cells.We found no significant effect of blue light portion in the white lights and full spectrum on plantlet growth.An artificial solar spectrum sun box was the most suitable for potato micropropagation,because it supported the development of plantlets with good fitness,uniform internodes length,abundant roots and green mass accumulation.

Preliminary Findings on Yield Response of Potatoes （Solanum tuberosum） to Umostart Super Zn （11.46,0 ＋ 2 Zn ＋ Humates）

Field trials to determine the yield response of potatoes to Umostart Super Zn （USZ） fertilizer （11.46.0 ＋ 2 Zn ＋ Humates） were carried out in 2004 using the cultivar Tigoni. During the long rains season, the treatments included USZ at 15 kg ha^-1 at planting; 30 kg ha^-1 split into 15 kg ha^-1 at planting and 15 kg ha^-1 during final earthing-up; 30 kg ha^-1 at planting; and 45 kg ha^-1 at planting. Treatments during the short rains included USZ at 30 kg ha^-1 split into 15 kg ha^-1 at planting and 15 kg ha^-1 during final earthing-up; 30 kg ha^-1 at planting; 40 kg ha^-1 at planting; 50 kg ha^-1 at planting; 50 kg ha^-1 split into 25 kg ha^-1 at planting and 25 kg ha^-1 during final earthing-up; and 60 kg ha^-1 at planting. USZ was contrasted with Diammonium phosphate （DAP） fertilizer （18：46：0） at 300 kg ha^-1 and 500 kg ha^-1 applied at planting and a control in which no fertilizer was applied. The DAP 300 kg ha^-1 treatment was however, not included during the long rains season. The highest tuber yields among the USZ treatments were obtained in plots treated with 45 kg ha^-1 （27.11 t ha^-1） during the long rains and 60 kg ha^-1 （55.17 t ha^-1） during the short rains season. Application of USZ resulted in a yield increase of at least 3.90 and 19.06 t ha^-1 during the long and short rains seasons respectively.

Influence of the Size of Potato Microtubers (<i>Solanum tuberosum</i>L.) on the Yield of Plants under Semi-Axenic Conditions

The potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a vegetable that ranks fifth in the world for human consumption. Its importance is growing more and more in the Senegalese diet. However, the potato production in Senegal does not meet the needs of the market, which maintains dependence on the outside for the supply of quality seeds. In addition, these imported seeds do not often have phytosanitary qualities required for local production in the Sahelian zone. The in vitro production of microtubers, used as seed, has been shown to be one of the most efficient means for propagation of basic material. To overcome the constraints linked to the supply and availability of potato seeds, with high germination capacity, the impact of the microtuber size on the yield of the plants under semi-controlled conditions was examined. The pre-germinated microtubers were produced in vitro from vitroplants of 3 different varieties (Aida, Atlas, Odessa) adapted to the edaphic-climatic conditions of Senegal. The effects of the seed sizes of microtubers, greater than 4 mm, sown under semi-controlled conditions, on the yield of the plants, result in an increase in the ratio, in the vegetative development of the plants, but also in the number and size of the minitubers harvested. The yield of the plants also depends on the variety. It can therefore be envisaged to produce local potato seeds from microtubers and minitubers.

Environmental, morphological and physiological factors analyzes for optimization of potato (<i>Solanum tuberosum</i>L.) microtuber <i>in vitro</i>germination

The microtuber is considered one of the most effective means of spreading basic materials, as well as transporting and preserving potato germplasm varieties. To define the optimal conditions for the potato microtuber in vitro germination of Aida, Atlas and Odessa varieties, the effects of temperature, physiological age and grade (size) were evaluated. The study conducted at three different temperature levels has demonstrated that the most favorable temperature for microtuber germination at a higher and faster germination rate was 25℃, regardless of the variety. In addition, microtubers of large caliber, greater than 4 mm, germinate more quickly, with a higher germination rate, than smaller size ones (less than 4 mm) for all genotypes. For Atlas, Aida and Odessa varieties, a germination rate equal to 86.66%, 70% and 70% respectively, was obtained for microtubers with a caliber superior to 4 mm. Physiological age influences microtuber germination. The mean length of sprouts, reached after a 7 week incubation period, was more marked at “multiple sprout” and “branched sprout” stages than at a “monosprout” stage. The average length was 2.35 cm, 2.48 cm and 1.5 cm, respectively. Thus, it is necessary to plant microtubers at a “multiple sprout” stage to optimize their yield in plants and minitubers.

Residual Effects of Sucrose and Hormonal Treatments of the Tuberization Medium on <i>in Vitro</i>Germination of Potato (<i>Solanum tuberosum</i>L.) Microtubers

The residual effects of sucrose concentrations (80 or 100 g·L-1) and hormonal treatments (BAP + Kinetin or Coumarin) of tuberization medium on in vitro microtubers germination of three potato varieties (Solanum tuberosum L.) so called Aida, Atlas and Odessa, are described. After 3 weeks of incubation at 28℃ ± 1℃, 70% of Aida microtubers variety, previously formed in the MT2 medium [MS/2 + 80 g·L-1 Sucrose], germinated. The best germination rate for varieties Atlas (100%) and Odessa (66.66%) was obtained on microtubers previously formed in the medium MT2 [MS/2 + 100 g·L-1 Sucrose]. The addition of hormones in the tuberization medium allowed optimizing the microtubers germination of the Aida variety unlike the other varieties. Indeed, for the Aida variety, the combination M5 [Kin 2.5 mg·L-1 + Coum 0.025 mg·L-1 + Sucrose 80 g·L-1] increased the germination rate from 70% up to 93.33%. The best germination rate (90%), noticed with microtubers of Atlas variety, initially formed in M2 medium [Kin 1 mg·L-1 + BAP 1 mg·L-1 + Sucrose 100 g·L-1], was lower than that one (100%) obtained on medium without hormones. For Odessa variety, the maximum germination rate (53.33%) of microtubers, from the medium M4 [Kin 2.5 mg·L-1 + BAP 1 mg·L-1 + Sucrose 100 g·L-1], was also lower than that one (66.66%) observed in the medium without hormones. Aida and Atlas varieties thus offer a better germination rate than Odessa after their cold storage.

Genetic Diversity and Yield Stability of Potato(Solanum tuberosum L.)

The present study was under taken to investigate the genetic distance and the performance of thirty one potato genotypes in diverse environments.Multivariate and canonical analysis were used to study genetic diversity among the genotypes and stability parameters were estimated according to Eberhart and Russell,Parkinge and Jinks and Freeman and Perkins models for plant height,branch number per plant,tuber number and tuber weight.Thirty one genotypes were grouped in to six clusters with the help of Mahalonobis distance and canonical analysis.The stability analysis revealed that yield was greatly influenced by the environments.Most of the studied genotypes were sensitive for yield with the environment.For over-all performance 'Hera','Chamak','Patnai','Lala pakri','TPS-7','TPS-364','Somerset' and 'Superior' were the best genotypes for tuber yield and breeding material for potato breeding.

马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum L.)茎尖的超低温保存及其遗传变异的初步观察

研究马铃薯茎尖超低温保存技术的结果表明,4℃低温下锻炼6d,在添加二甲基亚砜(DMSO)和乙酰胺的培养基中预培养5d,60%PVS2于室温下装载30min,0℃下PVS2脱水40min时,茎尖成活率最高(71.6%),再生植株生长分化正常。进一步对再生植株进行AFLP分析,6对引物组合共扩增出385条带,超低温保存前后的材料之间未见到明显差的异带,但用MSAP技术分析超低温保存前后植株甲基化的结果显示:超低温保存后的材料均有不同程度的甲基化。在扩增的624条带中,处理与否之间完全一致的带型为584条;有变化的带型为40条,处理2(茎尖经过完整的超低温保存过程,区别于处理1,增加了冷冻、解冻和洗涤后恢复培养)有13个位点的甲基化增加,21个位点去甲基化。

StGATA12对马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)生长发育的影响

GATA转录因子是广泛存在于真核植物中的一类转录因子,它是锌指蛋白家族的成员,具有锌指结构,可以识别和特异性结合DNA序列。在调控植物开花时间、叶片延伸、花的发育以及光周期和光信号转导、叶绿素合成和碳、氮代谢调节等生物学过程中发挥重要作用。研究GATA家族的基因可以为作物增产提供一定的理论基础。本研究对转StGATA12基因的株系进行了生理生化分析,结果表明:转基因株系表现出叶面积、茎直径及单株结薯量增加的性状;叶绿素含量、淀粉含量增加;激素含量发生变化。由此可知,StGATA12转录因子在马铃薯叶绿素合成及激素平衡方面起着重要的调控作用。本研究初步阐明了StGATA12转录因子在马铃薯发育过程中的生物学功能和作用机制,丰富了植物GATA12基因的功能研究,并为培育优良的马铃薯新品种提供理论参考。

Alterations in Ascorbic Acid Levels by Transformation of the L-galactono-1,4-lactone Dehydrogenase Gene in Solanum tuberosum

L-galactono-1, 4-lactone dehydrogenase(GLDH) is an important enzyme that catalyzes the last step of the ascorbate biosynthetic pathways in plants. A full-length c DNA clone encoding GLDH was isolated from potato(Solanum tuberosum L. ‘Favorita') leaf and subcloned into a binary vector, p BI121, to construct sense and antisense recombinant plant expression vectors. The recombinants were introduced into potato via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, and plants were confirmed as transgenic using PCR and quantitative real-time PCR. Two anti-sense potato lines(G1 and G2) and three sense lines(G3, G4 and G5) were obtained. The GLDH activity of G4 and G5 were increased in vivo. Moreover, the ascorbic acid(As A) and dehydroascorbate(DHA) contents were up-regulated in both leaves and tubers. However, the shoots of G1 were suppressed and its leaves were deformed. Additionally, the As A contents in G1 leaves and tubers decreased by 28.8% and 10.3%, respectively. The GLDH activity in leaves treated with L-galactono-1,4- lactone(L-Gal L) increased in all lines, as did the As A and DHA contents. These results indicate that GLDH activity plays an important role in regulating the As A level as well as the growth and development of potato plants.

Bioinformatic identification of microRNAs and their target genes from Solanum tuberosum expressed sequence tags

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs that regulate gene post-transcriptional expres- sion in plants and animals. Low levels of some miRNAs and time- and tissue-specific expression pat- terns lead to the difficulty for experimental identification of miRNAs. Here we present a bioinformatic approach for expressed sequence tags (ESTs) prediction of novel miRNAs as well as their targets in Solanum tuberosum. We blasted the databases of S. tuberosum ESTs to search for potential miRNAs, using previously known miRNA sequences from Arabidopsis, rice and other plant species. By analyzing parameters of plant precursors, including secondary structure, stem length and conservation of miRNAs, and following a variety of filtering criteria, a total of 22 potential miRNAs were detected. Using the newly identified miRNA sequences, we were able to further blast the S. tuberosum mRNA database and detected 75 potential targets of miRNAs in S. tuberosum. According to the mRNA annotations provided by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/), most of the miRNA target genes were predicted to encode transcription factors that regulate cell growth and development, signaling, and metabolism.

‘怀玉山’高山马铃薯叶绿体基因组特征及密码子使用偏好性分析

【目的】分析‘怀玉山’高山马铃薯Solanum tuberosum var.cormosus‘Huaiyushan’叶绿体基因组特征及密码子使用偏好性,为开展‘怀玉山’高山马铃薯叶绿体基因组密码子优化、叶绿体基因组改造,探索物种进化和增加外源基因表达等研究提供参考依据和理论基础。【方法】采用高通量测序技术对‘怀玉山’高山马铃薯叶绿体基因组进行测序,并利用生物信息学分析软件对组装和注释后的叶绿体基因组进行结构、基因组成及密码子偏好性分析。【结果】‘怀玉山’高山马铃薯叶绿体基因组大小为155296 bp,为经典的4段式结构。大单拷贝区(LSC)、小单拷贝区(SSC)和反向重复区(IR)长度分别为85737、18373、25593 bp,总鸟嘌呤和胞嘧啶所占的比例(GC比例)为37.88%,共注释出133个基因,包含87个编码区(CDS)基因、37个tRNA基因、8个rRNA基因和1个假基因。‘怀玉山’高山马铃薯叶绿体基因组中共检测到38个简单重复序列位点(SSR位点,36个单碱基重复和2个双碱基重复)和32个长重复序列(16个正向重复和16个回文重复)。‘怀玉山’高山马铃薯叶绿体基因组核苷酸多样性为0-0.13927,高变区主要分布在大单拷贝区和小单拷贝区,大单拷贝区trnL-UAA-trnF-GAA、cemA、rps12-exon1-clpP1、clpP1基因变异率最高,小单拷贝区rpl32-trnL-UAG、ycf1基因变异率最高。‘怀玉山’高山马铃薯叶绿体基因组87个CDS基因的平均有效密码子数(ENC)为47.29,ENC>45的基因有60个,密码子偏性较弱。‘怀玉山’高山马铃薯叶绿体基因组密码子偏好以A、U结尾,使用偏性很大程度上受自然选择的影响,而受突变压力的影响小。CGU、AAA、CUU、GUU、GGA、GUA、GGU、UCA、GCU、CCU为‘怀玉山’高山马铃薯叶绿体基因组的10个最优密码子。【结论】‘怀玉山’高山马铃薯与马铃薯栽培种S.tuberosum‘Desiree’亲缘关系较近。

马铃薯种质资源抗黑痣病鉴定及SSR聚类分析

马铃薯黑痣病已成为影响马铃薯产量和商品价值的重要土传病害。为丰富马铃薯抗黑痣病种质资源,提高抗黑痣病育种工作效率,研究通过54份马铃薯种质资源地下茎与匍匐茎黑痣病抗性评价,共筛选出7份中抗资源,分别为克17-33-270、龙18-124-8、龙18-7-100、ND11-7-22、克18-134-5、克17-115-1、克17-6-9。研究利用8对SSR适宜引物对7份抗性材料DNA进行PCR扩增,获得SSR多态性条带42条,多态性比率89.36%,遗传相似性系数在0.444 4~0.833 3之间,以相似性系数0.62为基准,可将7份抗性材料分为3类,其中克18-134-5和克17-115-1为一类;龙18-124-8和龙18-7-100为一类;克17-33-270、ND11-7-22和克17-6-9为一类。

StGID1基因调控马铃薯植株高度、直径和叶绿素含量

为了研究赤霉素不敏感矮化基因(gibberellin insensitive dwarf,GID1)在马铃薯生长中的作用,在马铃薯中克隆该基因并转化植株记录相关表达差异。以马铃薯‘川芋21’组培苗为材料,通过马铃薯基因库设计引物克隆到了一个马铃薯赤霉素不敏感矮化基因StGID1。通过转化‘鄂马铃薯3号’,得到过表达转基因植株和RNAi植株并记录表达差异。进化分析显示,StGID1蛋白氨基酸序列与番茄SlGID1b-1基因的氨基酸序列同源性最高。过量表达和干扰抑制表达的转基因植株对比显示,在组培苗中,干扰抑制表达的植株平均茎直径为过量表达植株的2倍。在成熟植株中,抑制表达植株株高仅为过表达植株株高的62.8%,显著低于空白对照和过表达植株。在赤霉素处理时,过表达转基因植株、干扰抑制表达植株及对照均表现出随赤霉素浓度升高而茎高增高,茎直径减小。本研究证明StGID1是GID1基因家族在马铃薯中的同源基因,为马铃薯赤霉素调控路径的一部分。

不同水溶肥对马铃薯生长发育及产量的影响

为使马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum L.)生产提质增效,研究3种水溶肥对马铃薯生长、产量、品质以及商品率的影响。以马铃薯希森6号为试验材料,共设4个处理,分别为F0(不施水溶肥,对照)、F1(腐殖酸水溶肥)、F2(微生物水溶肥)、F3(中药水溶肥),测定不同水溶肥处理下马铃薯形态、地上部分干物质累积量、产量及品质等相关指标。结果表明,追施水溶肥能提高马铃薯的株高、茎粗、叶绿素SPAD及地上部分干物质累积量,并能增加产量与提高品质。以微生物水溶肥的表现最突出,较不施水溶肥株高增加5.23 cm,单株块茎数提高19.92%,干物质累积量增加35.47%,商品率增加10.95%,产量提高27.13%、淀粉含量增加11.87%,维生素C含量增加16.08%。由此可知,微生物水溶肥不仅可以促进马铃薯生长,增加产量,而且能够显著提高马铃薯品质,可作为当地灌溉追施的高效水溶肥。

环洞庭湖地区绿芦笋套作马铃薯免耕栽培技术

绿芦笋因其丰富的营养以及脆爽的口感,深受消费者青睐,栽种收益多年且单年收益高,是较好的富民产业。绿芦笋冬季剪枝时间与马铃薯生产时间重叠,适合开展绿芦笋与马铃薯套作模式。主要从绿芦笋的品种选择、田间准备、中期管理、病虫害防治、嫩笋采后处理分级等方面以及马铃薯品种选择、田间准备、中期管理、病虫害防治、收获与收益等方面总结了绿芦笋套作马铃薯免耕栽培技术要点,并就该套作模式的优点进行了分析,以期为广大种植者提供参考。

马铃薯PYL5基因对非生物胁迫的响应分析及其启动子的活性鉴定

【目的】脱落酸(ABA)作为一种“应激激素”在植物生长发育和响应干旱、盐等非生物胁迫过程中发挥重要作用,PYR/PYL/RCARs(以下简称“PYL”)作为ABA受体在多种植物中也被广泛研究。基于对马铃薯StPYL5基因生物信息学及表达模式分析,并通过对其启动子活性鉴定,为进一步揭示马铃薯StPYL5功能及抗逆育种提供依据。【方法】根据转录组数据克隆得到StPYL5基因,通过DNAMAN、MEGA等软件分析了StPYL5的分子特征;通过qPCR检测了StPYL5基因的组织特异性及其对非生物胁迫的响应;利用PlantCARE网站对StPYL5基因启动子进行了分析,并通过瞬时转化烟草对其活性进行了鉴定。【结果】StPYL5基因全长534 bp,共编码177个氨基酸,蛋白质分子量20.19 ku,理论等电点(pI)为5.97。系统进化分析显示,StPYL5与SpPYL9-like亲缘关系较近。组织特异性分析结果显示,青薯9号(QS9)中StPYL5在根和叶中表达量较高,其次分别是茎和花,在块茎中表达量较低。不同胁迫下StPYL5表达量分析表明,青薯9号(QS9)中StPYL5在干旱、低温、盐和ABA胁迫下的表达量先升高后降低,且StPYL5的表达受Me JA和SA的诱导。此外,笔者成功克隆得到2 000 bp的StPYL5基因启动子。在烟草中的瞬时转化后的组织化学染色结果表明,StPYL5基因启动子具有成功启动下游GUS报告基因表达的启动子活性。【结论】全面分析了StPYL5基因的分子特征及其在多种非生物胁迫下的表达谱,并成功克隆到具有活性的pStPYL5启动子,该结果为深入研究StPYL5基因的功能以及马铃薯抗逆育种提供依据。