The Impact of Temperature on the Electromagnet and Structural Optimization of a Solenoid Valve

The mathematical model of the solenoid valve under varying temperatures is constructed to investigate its performance and enhance heat dissipation balance.The relationship between temperature and electromagnetic force is determined.Electrothermal coupling simulation using COMSOL is conducted,optimizing the outer diameter and length structure parameters of the coil.It is established that the heat dissipation of the coil is influenced by its outer diameter.Subsequently,based on optimized coil structure parameters,an orthogonal experimental design method combined with Ansys Maxwell is employed for simulation solution analysis to study the impact of structural parameters such as length,position,front and rear angles of the magnetic barrier ring in the iron core,armature length,and through-hole size on electromagnetic force.Optimal structural parameters are identified.Results indicate a decrease in steady-state electromagnet temperature by 3-4℃,an increase in the initial electromagnetic force by 32.63%,and a rise in the maximum electromagnetic force by 27.10%.

Application of High-speed Solenoid Valve to the Semi-active Control of Landing Gear

To select or develop an appropriate actuator is one of the key and difficult issues in the study of semi-active controlled landing gear. Performance of the actuator may directly affect the effectiveness of semi-active control. In this article, parallel high-speed solenoid valves are chosen to be the actuators for the semi-active controlled landing gear and being studied. A nonlinear high-speed solenoid valve model is developed with the consideration of magnetic saturation characteristics and verified by test. According to the design rule of keeping the peak load as small as possible while absorbing the specified shock energy, a fuzzy PD control rule is designed. By the rule controller parameters can be self-regulated. The simulation results indicate that the semi-active control based on high-speed solenoid valve can effectively improve the control performance and reduce impact load during landing.

Dynamic Performance of High Speed Solenoid Valve with Parallel Coils

The methods of improving the dynamic performance of high speed on/off solenoid valve include increasing the magnetic force of armature and the slew rate of coil current, decreasing the mass and stroke of moving parts. The increase of magnetic force usually leads to the decrease of current slew rate, which could increase the delay time of the dynamic response of solenoid valve. Using a high voltage to drive coil can solve this contradiction, but a high driving voltage can also lead to more cost and a decrease of safety and reliability. In this paper, a new scheme of parallel coils is investigated, in which the single coil of solenoid is replaced by parallel coils with same ampere turns. Based on the mathematic model of high speed solenoid valve, the theoretical formula for the delay time of solenoid valve is deduced. Both the theoretical analysis and the dynamic simulation show that the effect of dividing a single coil into N parallel sub-coils is close to that of driving the single coil with N times of the original driving voltage as far as the delay time of solenoid valve is concerned. A specific test bench is designed to measure the dynamic performance of high speed on/off solenoid valve. The experimental results also prove that both the delay time and switching time of the solenoid valves can be decreased greatly by adopting the parallel coil scheme. This research presents a simple and practical method to improve the dynamic performance of high speed on/off solenoid valve.

OPTIMAL CONTROL OF AN ACTIVE SUSPENSION SYSTEMEMPLOYING HIGH SPEED ON/OFF SOLENOID VALVE

Previous studies have confirmed that an active suspension system with high speed ON/OFF solenoid valves could provide the same vibration isolation efficiency as that of system with pressure proportional valve. In this study, by using Linear-quadratic optimization technique and Kalman filter method, an optimal regulator controller with a state observer was designed for the proposed system. Simulation and experimental research was conducted on a quarter car model. The simulation analysis of the system frequency characteristic suggested that the peak value of magnitude response curve in the case of system with an optimal controller would be lowered significantly, and the experiment results also showed that an improvement in the vibration isolation effect was obtained in using the designed optimal controller over the sky hook damper controller.

Characteristics Prediction Method of Electro-hydraulic Servo Valve Based on Rough Set and Adaptive Neuro-fuzzy Inference System

Synthesis characteristics of the electro-hydraulic servo valve are key factors to determine eligibility of the hydraulic production. Testing all synthesis characteristics of the electro-hydraulic servo valve after assembling leads to high repair rate and reject rate, so accurate prediction for the synthesis characteristics in the industrial production is particular important in decreasing the repair rate and the reject rate of the product. However, the research in forecasting synthesis characteristics of the electro-hydraulic servo valve is rare. In this work, a hybrid prediction method was proposed based on rough set（RS） and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system（ANFIS） in order to predict synthesis characteristics of electro-hydraulic servo valve. Since the geometric factors affecting the synthesis characteristics of the electro-hydraulic servo valve are from workers＇ experience, the inputs of the prediction method are uncertain. RS-based attributes reduction was used as the preprocessor, and then the exact geometric factors affecting the synthesis characteristics of the electro-hydraulic servo valve were obtained. On the basis of the exact geometric factors, ANFIS was used to build the final prediction model. A typical electro-hydraulic servo valve production was used to demonstrate the proposed prediction method. The prediction results showed that the proposed prediction method was more applicable than the artificial neural networks（ANN） in predicting the synthesis characteristics of electro-hydraulic servo valve, and the proposed prediction method was a powerful tool to predict synthesis characteristics of the electro-hydraulic servo valve. Moreover, with the use of the advantages of RS and ANFIS, the highly effective forecasting framework in this study can also be applied to other problems involving synthesis characteristics forecasting.

Multi-domain modeling and simulation of proportional solenoid valve

A multi-domain nonlinear dynamic model of a proportional solenoid valve was presented.The electro-magnetic,mechanical and fluid subsystems of the valve were investigated,including their interactions.Governing equations of the valve were derived in the form of nonlinear state equations.By comparing the simulated and measured data,the simulation model is validated with a deviation less than 15%,which can be used for the structural design and control algorithm optimization of proportional solenoid valves.

Optimal Control of Hydraulic Position System Employing High Speed On/Off Solenoid Valve

A hydraulic position system was designed employing two high speed On/Off solenoid valves with PWM(Pulse width modulation) technique and using LQ(Linear Quadratic) optimization principle. Based on the system, the parts of system can be formulated with equations. According to equations, the mathematical model of the system was established. By simulation, the corresponding LQ optimal controller was designed and the PWM signals were generated. The comparison of the simulation and experiment results show that LQ optimal control method with PWM technique employing high speed On/Off solenoid valve can provide better system performance and a high position precision is obtained.

Development of a Novel Parallel-spool Pilot Operated High-pressure Solenoid Valve with High Flow Rate and High Speed

High-pressure solenoid valve with high flow rate and high speed is a key component in an underwater driving system.However,traditional single spool pilot operated valve cannot meet the demands of both high flow rate and high speed simultaneously.A new structure for a high pressure solenoid valve is needed to meet the demand of the underwater driving system.A novel parallel-spool pilot operated high-pressure solenoid valve is proposed to overcome the drawback of the current single spool design.Mathematical models of the opening process and flow rate of the valve are established.Opening response time of the valve is subdivided into 4 parts to analyze the properties of the opening response.Corresponding formulas to solve 4 parts of the response time are derived.Key factors that influence the opening response time are analyzed.According to the mathematical model of the valve,a simulation of the opening process is carried out by MATLAB.Parameters are chosen based on theoretical analysis to design the test prototype of the new type of valve.Opening response time of the designed valve is tested by verifying response of the current in the coil and displacement of the main valve spool.The experimental results are in agreement with the simulated results,therefore the validity of the theoretical analysis is verified.Experimental opening response time of the valve is 48.3 ms at working pressure of 10 MPa.The flow capacity test shows that the largest effective area is 126 mm2 and the largest air flow rate is 2320 L/s.According to the result of the load driving test,the valve can meet the demands of the driving system.The proposed valve with parallel spools provides a new method for the design of a high-pressure valve with fast response and large flow rate.

Influence of eddy current on transient characteristics of common rail injector solenoid valve

Influence of eddy current on transient characteristics of common rail injector solenoid valve was studied in this paper. Experimental investigations of drive current and power source volt- age of both drive current ascending and descending process were conducted on a common rail injec- tor solenoid valve. A new discretizing calculation method of solenoid valve flux linkage was put for- ward for the first time based on the experimental results and drive circuit principle, and flux linkage of both drive current ascending and descending process were evaluated. New inductance calculation methods for drive current ascending and descending process respectively were also presented. Influ- ence of parasitic inductance was evaluated. Results indicate that the air gap, under which the transi- ent flux linkage of the solenoid valve is the biggest, varies with drive current due to eddy current. Flux linkage of drive current descending process is bigger than that of drive current ascending process under the same drive current and the same air gap width. Eddy current can reduce the delay between the time that drive current begins to descend and the time that armature begins to move downward. Inductance of drive current descending process is bigger than that of drive current as- cending process over larger scope of drive current, but the difference becomes smaller with the in- creasing of air gap width. The differences of both flux linkage and inductance between drive current ascending and descending process are caused by the eddy current in core and armature materials.

STUDY ON VARIATION OF SETTING AND STOPPING PRESSURES OF SAFETY VALVE WITH STRUCTURAL MODIFICATION

The possibility of pressure control with the structural change of a safety valve is investigated Safety valve is commonly used as safety devices for numerous applications which include boilers,ships,industrial plants,and piping Setting and stopping pressures of a safety valve, p set and p sto ,are traditionally adjusted with a fine tuning of seat ring and valve ring heights, h sr and h vr However, it is not easy to achieve the proper setting and stopping pressures of a safety valve in practice The depth of inside and outside grooves in a valve, d i and d o are modified and their effects on setting and stopping pressures of a safety vlave are tested The most appropriate values appear 1 0 mm in d i and 0 5～1 0 mm in d o,respectively The valve ring height, h vr ,shows that the best results can be achieved at 2 3 mm for setting pressures of 0 1～0 4 MPa and 1 0 mm for setting pressures of 0 5～1 0 MPa The stopping pressures increases with the increase of seat ring height, h sr , upto certain h sr value and then becomes independent to the seat ring height This implies that there exists the optimum h sr ,which provides the largest flow rate and the proper stopping pressure Stopping pressures of a safety valve are adjusted with the seat ring and valve ring heights This study,however,demonstrated that the modification of value grooves also changes setting and stopping pressures of a safety valve Therefore,the proper selection in dimensions of the inside and outside grooves should be considered for the safety valve design

INVESTIGATION ON THE DYNAMIC RESPONSE PERFORMANCE OF A NOVEL THREE-WAY SOLENOID VALVE

Objective A novel high-speed three-way solenoid valve is developed, which is used for the common-rail injection system equipped on DME powered engine. In order to improve the dynamic response performance of the three-way solenoid. Methods Experimental studies have been conducted to investigate the effects of spool stroke, drive voltage, negative demagnetizing pulse and two drive schemes on the dynamic response performance of the three-way solenoid valve. Results The results show that the dynamic response performance of the three-way solenoid valve can be remarkably improved by shortening the spool stroke and increasing the drive voltage. Simultaneously, the difference between the response time of closing valve and that of opening valve decreases. At each different drive voltage, there exists an optimal negative demagnetizing pulse corresponding to the same positive exciting pulse. At this optimal pulse, the dynamic response performance of the three-way solenoid valve is the best. In addition, the high drive voltage can lead to the smaller optimal negative demagnetizing pulse. It is also indicated from the experiments that the dynamic response performance of the three-way solenoid valve is better when the NO.1 drive scheme is adopted. The lower drive voltage results in the larger difference between the dynamic response performances for the two drive schemes. Conclusion The dynamic response performance of a novel three-way solenoid valve is good.

Simulation research on dynamic performance of the new type high-pressure solenoid valve

To improve energy density,the transportation,storage,and operations of hydrogen,methane,and compressed air vehicles currently require high-pressure compression.High-pressure solenoid valve becomes the vital element to above system.In order to reduce leakage and aerodynamic force influence,a new type high-pressure solenoid valve was proposed.The simulation model which included electromagnetic model,aerodynamic force model was established by means of the nonlinear mathematic models.Using the software MATLAB/Simulink for simulation,the dynamic response characteristics of high-pressure pneumatic solenoid valve were obtained under different pulse width modulation(PWM)input control signals.Results show that,first of all,the new type of high-pressure solenoid valve can meet the switch requirement.Secondly,the opening movement and closing movement of the spool lags the PWM rising signal,and the coil current fluctuates significantly during the movement of the spool.Lastly,on/off status of high-pressure valve cannot be represented by the duty cycle.This research can be referred in the design of the high-pressure solenoid valve..

正负脉冲电压驱动的电磁螺纹插装阀动态特性分析

提出了一种基于PWM技术的正负脉冲电压控制策略,用于提高锥阀式电磁螺纹插装阀启闭动态响应速度,使其满足数字液压技术的要求。在分析电磁螺纹插装阀结构和工作原理基础上,建立了电磁螺纹插装阀的数学模型,并在AMESim软件中搭建电磁螺纹插装阀及其测试系统的多物理场耦合建模,研究不同正负脉冲电压持续时间条件下电磁螺纹插装阀线圈电流、阀芯位移、电磁力的变化规律,确定了电磁螺纹插装阀响应速度最快时正负脉冲电压控制策略的最优控制参数。利用半实物仿真系统搭建SCV硬件在环测试实验台,对所提正负脉冲控制策略进行验证。实验表明,与常规电压控制策略相比,当正负脉冲电压控制策略中正负脉冲电压持续时间都为10 ms时,电磁螺纹插装阀的开启时间由30 ms缩短到13.5 ms,其关闭时间由139 ms缩短到14 ms。研究结果为电磁螺纹插装阀的高响应化和数字液压技术的发展提供参考。

两种直动式高速电磁阀数值模拟与动态响应对比分析

针对直动式高速电磁阀动铁芯与阀芯加工、装配工艺要求高,一致性较差的问题,提出了一种动铁芯与阀芯可分离的结构,基于AMESim平台建立此款电磁阀电–磁–机–气多物理场耦合模型,考虑了动铁芯与阀芯撞击与分离的情况,并在试验台上进行了验证。然后与另一种动铁芯与阀芯“绑定”的结构形式进行比较分析。结果表明:两种电磁阀在动态响应与影响动态响应的关键参数存在差别。在同等条件下,第一种结构形式的电磁阀动态响应整体略差,但是其对动铁芯–阀芯加工、装配工艺的要求较低。

汽车发动机电控燃油系统电磁阀特性仿真

为了定量分析电磁阀参数对其动态响应特性的影响,基于电磁理论建立了电磁阀的数学模型,并使用仿真模型开展了仿真研究。模拟了电磁阀在恒电压驱动下的动态响应过程,研究了驱动电压、初始气隙、弹簧预紧力和线圈匝数四个参数对电磁阀动态特性的影响,给出了电磁阀在不同参数下的位移变化曲线,从理论上确定了电磁阀的动态响应特性与其结构参数和控制参数之间的关系,为电磁阀的参数匹配及电控燃油系统的优化设计提供了依据。

电磁阀异步启闭的PWM喷雾系统设计与试验

PWM变量喷雾是国内外精准农业领域的研究热点,但PWM变量喷雾过程中电磁阀的快速启闭在管路内易形成压力脉冲,致使喷头喷雾压力发生变化,导致喷雾质量下降。为了降低压力脉冲,设计了一种相邻电磁阀异步启闭的PWM喷雾系统,由移动底盘、药箱、隔膜泵、稳压罐、PWM控制器、电磁阀及压力表等组成,通过延时控制,实现电磁阀异步启闭。在室内无风环境条件下,探究了喷雾系统电磁阀前管路内压力波动特性和沉积量分布均匀性。试验表明:与电磁阀同步启闭的PWM喷雾系统相比,电磁阀异步启闭可有效降低管路内压力峰值,不同PWM频率工况条件下,50%占空比时降幅最大,降幅最高为14%;20Hz频率条件下,异步启闭PWM喷雾的沉积量分布均匀性变异系数略高于常规连续喷雾,但均小于15%。上述结果符合喷杆喷雾机技术性能国家标准。

隔膜式电磁阀内部流场数值模型构建与流动特性分析

基于k-ε(k为湍流动能,ε为湍流耗散率)湍流模型,以进口质量流量、出口静压为数值计算条件,建立了隔膜阀内部流场的数值模拟模型,并对模型的精度进行了试验验证。在此基础上,应用该模型分析了不同进口流量(2.787~33.273 kg/s)条件下阀体内部流动特性及压力场分布规律,并建立了进口流量与阀体水头损失的精确数量关系。结果表明:(1)数值模拟能较好的预测不同流量条件下阀体的水头损失,在进口流量分别为5.546、11.091和16.637 kg/s时,试验与数值模拟相对误差仅为-6.433%、4.619%和7.264%。(2)在进口流量恒定的条件下,从进口至出口,流道内的静压总体沿程呈减小趋势,在阀体内部由于阀坎的阻挡造成流道收缩以及水流撞击隔膜产生折流而出现较大的静压变化梯度。(3)水流在经过阀坎上的窄流道后,在阀体下游形成明显的空化区,伴随着有一定的回流现象,阀体下游的空化区主要出现在距出口1/3流体域处,随着进口流量的增大,阀体下游的涡流更加剧烈,回流现象更为显著,但回流区的范围并未显著增加。(4)在模型精度验证的基础上,应用该模型进一步分析了18种进口流量条件下阀体内部流动特性及压力场分布规律,并建立了进口质量流量Q与阀体水头损失?P的数量关系,当进口质量流量Q从2.787~15.428 kg/s,雷诺数从37927~215984时的拟合方程为?P=2076.31Q-7567.49,R^(2)=0.964;进口质量流量从17.141~33.273 kg/s,雷诺数从240097~467009时的拟合方程为?P=5688.02Q-67317.39,R^(2)=0.993,为灌溉管网水力计算提供了参考依据。

核电主蒸汽阀站中电磁先导阀的动态响应仿真研究

针对核电主蒸汽阀站中关键部件之一——大气释放阀前置隔离阀在实际工况中常出现响应超时的问题,采用数值仿真软件Fluent中的动网格以及用户自定义函数技术,对控制其启闭过程的电磁先导阀动态响应过程进行了研究。首先,研究了电磁先导阀中先导结构的动态响应过程以及阀杆的受力情况;然后,研究了电磁先导阀中主阀的动态响应过程以及主阀泄压时阀内的压力和速度分布情况;最后,综合两个动态过程,分析了电磁先导阀整阀的运动时间。研究结果表明,电磁先导阀的运动时间为8.5 ms,其中先导结构的运动时间占比较小,85%的时间集中在电磁先导阀主阀动作过程。该研究结果可对前置隔离阀响应时间的优化提供参考。

基于PLC的变量喷雾系统的设计与试验

精准农业是农业生产的发展方向,故根据精准农业中变量喷雾技术的发展需求,对变量喷雾技术进行研究。在此,主要介绍了一种基于可编程逻辑控制器(Programmable Logic Controller,PLC)的变量喷雾系统,通过试验验证该变量喷雾系统的变量性能。变量喷雾系统主要由PLC、触摸屏(Touch Panel Monitor)、电磁阀、药水泵、压力表及电源模块等组成,使用触摸屏通过RS232通讯给PLC发送变量信号,PLC接收到信号后调节电磁阀的开度,达到变量喷雾的目的。通过在3个不同管路压力、10个不同电磁阀开度的试验,建立管路压力、电磁阀开度和喷头喷雾量的模型参数。试验结果表明:喷雾系统有较好的变量能力,在同一压力、不同开度条件下的最大变量能力为6.77,在不同压力、不同开度工作条件下最大变量能力为9.91。在不同压力下,分析并验证了电磁阀开度与喷雾量之间函数关系,曲线拟合结果表明:利用线性函数、指数函数、多项式函数拟合电磁阀开度和喷雾量,决定系数均大于0.9,最大为0.9998。相对误差分析结果表明:利用指数函数和多项式函数拟合的平均相对误差均在4%以内,可为变量喷雾机的设计与应用提供技术与数据支撑。

基于GA-BP神经网络的CDC减振器电磁阀优化研究

针对CDC减振器电磁阀研究中,只针对单一参数对电磁特性进行影响分析,且获得电磁阀最优结构参数组合速度较慢的不足,本文提出了基于GA-BP神经网络的电磁阀特性优化方法。首先,利用ANSYS Maxwell仿真分析,得到不同参数组合下的电磁力,然后训练样本集建立BP神经网络电磁力预测模型,再采用遗传算法优化,寻得最优的参数组合,建立GA-BP神经网络模型。结果表明,将GA-BP神经网络算法应用于电磁力的预测,能有效提高电磁阀的设计效率。