Li4-xSbxSn1-xS4 solid solutions for air-stable solid electrolytes

The sulfide solid electrolytes have the characteristics of high ionic conductivity and low grain boundary resistance, which make them suitable for bulk-type all-solid-state batteries. However, most of them suffer from poor stability in air. Here, we explore the air stable sulfide solid electrolytes in Li4-xSbxSn1-xS4 system. The solid solutions of Li4-xSbxSn1-xS4(0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) can be formed in Li4-xSbxSn1-xS4 system. Li3.8 Sb0.2 Sn0.8 S4 achieves the highest ionic conductivity of 3.5 × 10-4 S cm-1 in this system,which is 5 times as that of Li4 Sn S4 and 3 orders of magnitude higher than that of Li3 Sb S4, respectively. Li3.8 Sb0.2 Sn0.8 S4 crystallizes into the same structure with high ionic conductivity phase of β-Li3 PS4. Moreover, Li3.8 Sb0.2 Sn0.8 S4 owns good stability in humid air. Matching with LiCoO2 and Li4 Ti5 O12,Li3.8 Sb0.2 Sn0.8 S4 exhibits the potential to be applied in all-solid-state batteries.

Motion behavior of particles in air-solid magnetically stabilized fluidized beds for separation

In order to study the settling mechanism of particles in an air-solid magnetically stabilized fluidized bed(MSFB) for separation,we carried out free settling and quasi-zero settling tests on the tracing particles.The results show that the main resistance forces as the tracing particles settled in an air-solid MSFB were motion resistance force and yield force.The motion resistance and yield forces greatly hindered the free settling of the particles by greatly decreasing the acceleration for settling process of the particles.The acceleration decreased from 3022.62 cm/s 2 to zero in 0.1 s,and in the end,the particles stopped in the air-solid MSFB.The yield force on particles increased with increasing the magnetic field intensity,resulting in decrease of the quasi-zero settling displacement.However,the yield force on particles decreased with increasing the fluidized air velocity,leading to increase of the quasi-zero settling displacement.When the structure and operating parameters of the air-solid MSFB were set up,the yield stress on particles stopped in an air-solid MSFB was a function of diameter and density of particles.The settling displacements of equal diameter particles increased with increasing their densities,and the settling displacements of equal density particles increased with increasing their diameters.

Carbon‐based materials for all‐solid‐state zinc–air batteries

Solid‐state Zn–air batteries(ZABs)hold great potential for application in wearable and flexible electronics.However,further commercialization of current ZABs is still limited by the poor stability and low energy efficiency.It is,thus,crucial to develop efficient catalysts as well as optimize the solid electrolyte system to unveil potential of the ZAB technology.Due to the low cost and versatility in tailoring the structures and properties,carbon materials have been extensively used as the conductive substrates,catalytic air electrodes,and important components in the electrolytes for the solid‐state ZABs.Within this context,we discuss the challenges facing current solid‐state ZABs and summarize the strategies developed to modify properties of carbon‐based electrodes and electrolytes.We highlight the metal−organic framework/covalent organic framework‐based electrodes,heteroatom‐doped carbon,and the composites formed of carbon with metal oxides/sulfides/phosphides.We also briefly discuss the progress of graphene oxide‐based solid electrolyte.

The Experiment and Simulation of Solid Desiccant Dehumidification for Air-Conditioning System in a Tropical Humid Climate

The aim of this research was to study and design a solid desiccant dehumidification system suitable for tropical climate to reduce the latent load of air-conditioning system and improve the thermal comfort. Different dehumidifiers such as desiccant column and desiccant wheel were investigated. The ANSYS and TRASYS software were used to predict the results of dehumidifiers and the desiccant cooling systems, respectively. The desiccant bed contained approximately 15 kg of silica-gel, with 3 mm average diameter. Results indicated that the pressure drop and the adsorption rate of desiccant column are usually higher than those of the desiccant wheel. The feasible and practical adsorption rate of desiccant wheel was 0.102 kgw/h at air flow rate 1.0 kg/min, regenerated air temperature of 55?C and at a wheel speed of 2.5 rpm. The humidity ratio of conditioning space and cooling load of split-type air conditioner was decreased to 0.002 kgw/kgda (14%) and 0.71 kWth (19.26%), respectively. Consequently, the thermal comfort was improved from 0.5 PMV (10.12% PPD) to 0.3 PMV (7.04% PPD).

Effect of H_2S Flow Rate and Concentration on Performance of H_2S/Air Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

A solid state H2S/air electrochemical cell having the configuration of H2S, (MoS2+NiS+Ag)/YSZ/Pt,air has been examined with different H2S flow rates and concentrations at atmospheric pressure and 750-850℃.Performance of the fuel cell was dependent on anode compartment H2S flow rate and concentration. The cell open-circuit voltage increased with increasing H2S flow rate. It was found that increasing both H2S flow rate and H2S concentration improved current-voltage and power density performance. This is resulted from improved gas diffusion in anode and increased concentration of anodic electroactive species. Operation at elevated H2S concentration improved the cell performance at a given gas flow rate. However, as low as 5% H2S in gas mixture can also be utilized as fuel feed to cells. Highest current and power densities, 1750mA·cm^-2 and 200mW·cm^-2,are obtained with pure H2S flow rate of 50 ml·min^-1 and air flow rate of 100ml·min^-1 at 850℃.

Effect of the secondary air distribution layer on separation density in a dense-phase gas–solid fluidized bed

Dry coal separation has been the most significant process in the field of coal beneficiation to date, because of its special advantage of operation with no water consumption. Mineral dry separation research has received wide attention, particularly in countries and regions experiencing drought and water shortages.During the process of dense coal gas–solid fluidized bed beneficiation, the material is stratified according to its density; the high density material layer remains at the bed bottom, and thus the high density coarse particle bed becomes an important influencing factor in fluidized bed stability. In the steady fluidization stage, a small number of large radius bubbles are the direct cause of unsteady fluidization in the traditional fluidized bed. The dispersion effect of the secondary air distribution bed for air flow is mainly apparent in the gas region; when the particle size exceeds 13 mm, the secondary air distribution bed has a synergistic effect on the density stability of the upper fluidized layer. When the particle size is small, especially when less than 6 mm, particles will constantly move, accounting for instability of the secondary air distribution bed and distorting the stability of the upper fluidized bed. Under optimum operation conditions, the probable deviation E of gas–solid separation fluidized with a high density coarse particle layer can be as low as 0.085 g/cm3.

Synthesis, Characterization and Performance Evaluation of an Advanced Solid Electrolyte and Air Cathode for Rechargeable Lithium-Air Batteries

Synthesis and characterization of a tri-layered solid electrolyte and oxygen permeable solid air cathode for lithium-air battery cells were carried out in this investigation. Detailed fabrication procedures for solid electrolyte, air cathode and real-world lithium-air battery cell are described. Materials characterizations were performed through FTIR and TGA measurement. Based on the experimental four-probe conductivity measurement, it was found that the tri-layered solid electrolyte has a very high conductivity at room temperature, 23。C, and it can be reached up to 6 times higher at 100。C. Fabrication of real-world lithium-air button cells was performed using the synthesized tri-layered solid electrolyte, an oxygen permeable air cathode, and a metallic lithium anode. The lithium-air button cells were tested under dry air with 0.1 mA - 0.2 mA discharge/ charge current at elevated temperatures. Experimental results showed that the lithium-air cell performance is very sensitive to the oxygen concentration in the air cathode. The experimental results also revealed that the cell resistance was very large at room temperature but decreased rapidly with increasing temperatures. It was found that the cell resistance was the prime cause to show any significant discharge capacity at room temperature. Experimental results suggested that the lack of robust interfacial contact among solid electrolyte, air cathode and lithium metal anode were the primary factors for the cell’s high internal resistances. It was also found that once the cell internal resistance issues were resolved, the discharge curve of the battery cell was much smoother and the cell was able to discharge at above 2.0 V for up to 40 hours. It indicated that in order to have better performing lithium-air battery cell, interfacial contact resistances issue must have to be resolved very efficiently.

基于Na-BP-DME@C阳极的长寿命准固态钠-空气电池

钠-空气电池因其能量密度高、成本低而成为金属-空气电池领域的研究热点。然而,以金属钠为阳极的钠-空气电池存在钠枝晶生长、金属钠界面稳定性差以及金属钠的反应活性高等问题,限制了钠-空气电池的快速发展。为解决上述问题,将联苯钠与导电炭黑复合材料Na-BP-DME@C作为阳极,单壁碳纳米角(SWCHNs)作为催化剂,构建准固态钠-空气电池。基于Na-BP-DME@C阳极的准固态钠-空气电池表现出优异的电化学性能,其电压差为1.5 V,功率密度为3.32 mW/cm^(2),在0.1 mA/cm^(2)电流密度下可稳定循环459 h(约459次)。

基于流固耦合的正压呼吸面罩抗变形分析

随着正压呼吸防护装备的设计向轻量化方向发展,面罩的厚度逐渐降低,在实际的使用过程中,送风系统产生的进气流量导致面罩存在变形的问题。为研究不同材质的呼吸防护面罩的抗变形能力,采用流固耦合数值模拟及实验验证的方法,分析PP、PET、PVC 3种材质对进气流量的抗变形能力,并且,结合不同环境温度对面罩变形量的影响进行综合分析。结果表明,进气量对PP材料的影响较大,PVC次之,PET变形程度最小;在380 L/min的进气流量下,PP变形量约为3.7 mm,PET变形量约为1.6 mm;除此以外,在不同环境温度下,对3种材料进行变形分析发现,环境温度对PVC的影响较大,PP次之,PET变形程度最小。综合以上分析结果,选择PET材料作为正压呼吸面罩材料。

快掘面风流动态调控参数与压抽比对粉尘运移的影响及降尘分析

随着矿山快掘设备的逐渐引进,快掘面粉尘污染问题愈加严重。为有效减少快掘面生产过程中的粉尘污染,设计出风流动态调控降尘净化系统,通过调节风流的状态并设计了不同工况下的风流调控方案,以降低司机处粉尘浓度与粉尘的扩散距离。以陕西某矿快掘面为例,建立了风流—粉尘耦合场有限元模型,并对模型进行了井下验证;分析了风流动态调控降尘净化系统中出风口偏角、出风口缩放口径、出风口距端头距离及风量压抽比4个参数对风流与粉尘场的影响规律;设计正交试验分析了各参数与司机处粉尘浓度与粉尘扩散距离之间的关联性,确定了最佳调控净化方案。结果表明:各参数对司机处粉尘浓度与粉尘扩散距离影响程度的显著性排序由大到小依次为风量压抽比、出风口偏角、出风口距端头距离、出风口缩放口径。确定的最佳调控净化方案为出风口距离端头10 m、出风口偏角20°、出风口缩放口径1.0 m及风量压抽比1。设计搭建试验平台进行了准确性及净化效果测试验证,模拟值与试验值的平均误差小于8.91%,净化后司机处粉尘浓度由327.22 mg/m^(3)降低至156.47 mg/m^(3),降低了52.18%,粉尘扩散距离由39.74 m缩短至25.91 m,缩短了34.80%,有效改善了快掘面的空气环境。

固体氧化物电池空气电极铬中毒机理及抗铬性能研究进展

固体氧化物电池(SOC)具有能源利用率高、污染排放量低、燃料灵活性高等优势,将在未来的能源供应和储存中发挥关键作用。当前,其长期稳定性尚不能满足大规模商业化的需求,电池堆中用于串联电池的金属连接体所导致的空气电极“铬中毒”是电堆性能衰减的重要因素之一。传统空气电极在发电模式(SOFC)下的铬中毒机理已较为明晰。然而,随着电解模式(SOEC)下应用的不断攀升,基于传统电极材料的毒化机理不适用于该运行模式下的电极体系。对典型空气电极材料在SOFC模式和SOEC模式下铬中毒机理进行对比分析,并且对提高SOC空气电极抗铬性能的研究进行总结和展望。

基于Solid Edge的汽车空调层叠式蒸发器参数化设计

文章使用Visual Basic应用程序作为开发语言,采用面向对象以及参数化设计的方法,开发了基于Solid Edge的汽车空调层叠式蒸发器参数化设计系统。设计实例表明采用此系统能够将设计时间大幅缩短,可提高设计质量和效率,还能为后续的计算机辅助设计(CAD)、制造(CAM)以及产品的优化等打下基础。

基于锌空电池探究能斯特方程影响因素及固态锌空电池的应用

针对无机化学中能斯特方程的教学难点,本实验引入紧跟科学前沿的锌空电池为教学模型,通过改变电极氧化型和还原型浓度来探究能斯特方程影响因素,加深学生对于电化学过程的理解。同时将柔性电子技术引入实验课堂,以安全环保的卡拉胶作为固态电解质,引导学生学习、搭建固态锌空电池,并对其进行电池电压与弯曲角度的性能测试。此外,培养学生创造力,自主设计搭建多形态固态锌空电池,并对用电器进行供电。本实验紧密结合基础电化学知识,密切联系科研前端技术,使学生在加深对能斯特方程理解的同时,能够认识和制作柔性电子器件,激发学生对电化学课程的学习兴趣,且教学成本低、效果好。

预防禽类呼吸道疾病的中药固体空气清新剂研制和抑菌效果分析

为研制一款可净化空气、预防禽类呼吸道疾病且使用方便的中药固体空气清新剂,本试验根据国医大师周仲瑛的中药防疫香囊配方,提取广藿香、苍术、白芷、草果、石菖蒲和艾叶混合后药材的挥发油,添加增溶剂和乳化剂制成中药固体空气清新剂。将其置于室温检测挥发量,以琼脂扩散法考察含不同挥发油的固体空气清新剂以及不同挥发程度的混合药材固体空气清新剂对引起呼吸道疾病的致病菌(大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色葡萄球菌)的抑菌效果,根据抑菌圈直径的大小评价固体空气清新剂的抑菌活性。结果显示:固体空气清新剂的组成为卡拉胶(20%)、苯甲酸(0.2%)、挥发油(4%)、聚山梨醇酯(1%)和蒸馏水;50 g固体空气清新剂的挥发性较好;含混合药材挥发油的固体空气清新剂对大肠杆菌无明显抑菌效果,对金黄色葡萄球菌和白色葡萄球菌的抑菌圈直径分别为20.1和41.7 mm,属于高敏;同时该固体空气清新剂挥发不同程度后的固体清新剂仍能抑制金黄色葡萄球菌和白色葡萄球菌的生长,说明所制备的混合药材固体空气清新剂能持续对这2种致病菌的生长起到抑制作用。结果表明,该中药固体空气清新剂制备工艺简单,气味芳香怡人,具有净化空气和抑制致病菌生长的功效,能对禽类呼吸道疾病的传播进行有效预防。

后向台阶-楔体结构对含硼固体火箭超燃冲压发动机燃烧性能影响

为增强含硼固体火箭超燃冲压发动机中空气与燃气掺混,提升火焰稳定性及燃烧效率,在一次燃气侧向进气基础上,补燃室前段增加后向台阶-楔体组合结构,采用数值模拟的方法分析一次燃气进气方式及楔体结构对含硼固体火箭超燃冲压发动机补燃室内燃烧性能的影响。结果表明:当补燃室结构不变时,一次燃气进气位置到后向台阶的距离从0.5d变化到6d时,硼颗粒燃烧效率先增大后减小,在一次燃气进气位置距台阶为1.25d时,硼颗粒燃烧效率最大,为48%;当一次燃气进气角度在45o~170o内时,一次燃气进气角度越大,发动机燃烧效率越高,一次燃气进气角度为170o时总燃烧效率最大,为71.32%;在一次燃气进气方式不变时,取楔体高度与台阶高度之比分别为0.40、0.50、0.55、0.60、0.65、0.70、0.75、1.00,随着比值增大,总压恢复系数减小,硼颗粒燃烧效率先增大后减小,当楔体高度与台阶高度之比为0.60时,硼颗粒燃烧效率最大,为53.2%。

张家口某高校综合楼的热源设计

应国家“双碳”计划的提出,加快发展新能源,提升清洁能源消费比重将成为必然趋势。对河北某高校一科研综合楼进行热源设计,计算热负荷,并结合该工程实地条件,对热源的形式进行确定,提出并重点分析了两种热源方案的经济性。结合张家口市气候特点以及工程实际,本设计更合适选用固体蓄热式电锅炉的热源方案,有较好的环保效益与经济效益。

盘式实心磁力耦合器气隙磁场分布及转矩分析

针对一台9对极盘式实心磁力耦合器,为研究其气隙磁场分布及转矩,引入层理论模型,将磁力耦合器划分为非导电区域和导电区域两部分,推导二维标量磁位法,求解非导电区域的标量磁位和导电区域的磁场强度,同时引入卡特系数进行校正,推导出盘式实心磁力耦合器的气隙磁密和输出转矩公式;然后,通过有限元软件模拟得到磁力耦合器的三维气隙磁场分布、涡流分布和输出转矩,并分析了不同工作参数对输出转矩的影响;最后,搭建三维气隙磁场测量试验平台和传动试验平台进行三维气隙磁场和转矩的试验,所得试验结果与理论计算结果、仿真结果基本吻合。结果表明,推导的气隙磁密和输出转矩公式具有较高的准确性,为进一步研究盘式实心磁力耦合器的传动特性提供参考。

丝光沸石用作二氧化碳吸附剂的研究进展

阐述了丝光沸石(MOR)的结构及其吸附CO_(2)机理以及合成技术进展,重点对通过简单物理化学处理、金属离子改性和后官能化的MOR吸附CO_(2)的研究进展进行了综述,并介绍了MOR在废气以及直接空气碳捕获工程中吸附CO_(2)的应用情况。指出今后的研究方向是通过优化调整MOR框架、孔径分布以及组成或通过合成结合了不同特征结构的核壳沸石来实现对CO_(2)吸附能力的提升。

常减压装置电脱盐污水治理的工艺改造与优化

针对常减压装置电脱盐污水中H2S和可燃气体含量高、水质因含油含渣的影响不能稳定达标的突出问题。采用常压闪蒸和高效旋流溶气气浮(CDFU)相结合技术路线配套原有重力沉降除油技术工艺,有效解决电脱盐污水中高含油含渣、可燃气和硫化氢含量较高的问题,改造后石油类降低73.6%,COD(化学需氧量)降低32.7%,H2S、可燃气体和VOCS体积浓度分别下降56.85%、57.93%和38.25%。电脱盐污水水质明显改善,减少对下游污水系统的影响,消除安全隐患。

压缩空气点火的无电烟火泵浦激光技术

为了解决传统固体烟火泵浦激光器点火效率低和电能依赖的问题,根据绝热压缩原理,设计使用了完全无电的压缩空气点燃烟火药泵浦Nd:YAG激光介质,提高了点火同步性和烟火药燃烧效率,实现了激光输出阈值药剂量10 mg,使用30 mg KClO4/Zr药剂,获得了30.2 mJ的激光能量,脉冲宽度10 ms,为小型无电高能激光器提供了一条新的实现路径。