Direct carbon solid oxide fuel cells(DC-SOFCs)are promising,green,and efficient power-generating devices that are fueled by solid carbons and comprise all-solid-state structures.Developing suitable anode materials for...Direct carbon solid oxide fuel cells(DC-SOFCs)are promising,green,and efficient power-generating devices that are fueled by solid carbons and comprise all-solid-state structures.Developing suitable anode materials for DC-SOFCs is a substantial scientific challenge.Herein we investigated the use of La_(0.75)Sr_(0.25)Cr_(0.5)Mn_(0.5)O_(3)-δ−Ce_(0.8)Gd_(0.2)O_(1.9)(LSCM−GDC)composite electrodes as anodes for La_(0.9)Sr_(0.1)Ga_(0.8)Mg_(0.2)O_(3)-δelectrolyte-based DC-SOFCs,with Camellia oleifera shell char as the carbon fuel.The LSCM−GDC-anode DC-SOFC delivered a maximum power density of 221 mW/cm^(2) at 800℃ and it significantly improved to 425 mW/cm^(2) after Ni nanoparticles were introduced into the LSCM−GDC anode through wet impregnation.The microstructures of the prepared anodes were characterized,and the stability of the anode in a DC-SOFC and the influence of catalytic activity on open circuit voltage were studied.The above results indicate that LSCM–GDC anode is promising to be applied in DC-SOFCs.展开更多
The transient acoustic field radiated by a piezoelectric thickness-mode transducer into a solid medium is theoretically analysed. It is proved that the field consists of the direct wave, the longitudinal edge waves, t...The transient acoustic field radiated by a piezoelectric thickness-mode transducer into a solid medium is theoretically analysed. It is proved that the field consists of the direct wave, the longitudinal edge waves, the shear edge.waves, the head wave and the surface waves. The wavefront approximations of all these waves are given which result in a clear physical picture which is not only simple but also cotains the main features of the field. The theoretical result well describes the experiment.展开更多
To investigate the application of reformed coke oven gas （COG） in producing the direct reduction iron （DRI）, we simulated a countercurrent gas solid moving bed reactor in which the iron ore pellet was reduced by r...To investigate the application of reformed coke oven gas （COG） in producing the direct reduction iron （DRI）, we simulated a countercurrent gas solid moving bed reactor in which the iron ore pellet was reduced by reformed COG. An ordinary differential equation （ODE） was set based on the unreacted shrinking core model considering both mass and energy balances of the reactor. The concentration and temperature profiles of all species within the reactor were obtained by solving the ODE sys tem. The solid conversion and gas utilization were studied by changing gas flow rate, solid flow rate, reactor length, and the ratio of O/CHa to guide the practical application of COG in DRI production. Model results showed that COG was suitable for the DRI production. In order to meet the requirement of the industrial production, the minimum gas flow rate was set as 130,000 Nm3/h, and the maximum production was 90 t/h. The reactor length and the mole ratio x（O）： x（CH4） were depended on the actual industrial situations.展开更多
The combination of chromatin immunoprecipitation with sequencing (ChIP-Seq) is an effective method for obtaining an in vivo genome-wide profile of the interaction of a protein with DNA. With the dramatic development o...The combination of chromatin immunoprecipitation with sequencing (ChIP-Seq) is an effective method for obtaining an in vivo genome-wide profile of the interaction of a protein with DNA. With the dramatic development of high-throughput short sequencing technologies, several new algorithms have been developed to process ChIP-Seq. However, the reported analytical tools for ChIP-Seq based on size selection of immunoprecipitated (IPed) DNA fragments are mainly adopted on the Solexa system. As a sequencer with the highest throughput, few studies of ChIP-Seq based on SOLiD system have been reported. The main difference of the SOLiD and Solexa systems exists in the length of DNA fragments during preparing sequencing libraries. The SOLiD system has relatively short DNA fragments if it processes a further sonication of IPed DNA fragments in order to meet the length requirement of DNA fragments for emulsion-PCR (ePCR). This work aims to investigate the influences of DNA fragment length on data analysis from ChIP-Seq. Previous studies show that typical bimodal peaks can be observed in Solexa ChIP-Seq data, but based on the analysis of the real SOLiD ChIP-Seq data in this study, we found that there were no double peaks with apparent reads shift in a local enriched region and the local reads distribution of peaks were tested by normal distribution. Using real and simulated ChIP-Seq data, three main ChIP-Seq algorithms (CisGenome, SISSRs and MACS) have been investigated. We found that algorithms developed for processing ChIP-Seq data generated from Solexa library protocol, cannot efficiently capture the feature of the ChIP-Seq data from SOLiD library. Misuse of those analytical tools would be a possible reason for failure of ChIP-Seq on the SOLiD system. Therefore, a new ChIP-Seq analytical strategy for an extra-sonication of IPed DNA fragments needs to be developed.展开更多
基金Project(2019YFC1907405)supported by the National Key R&D Program of ChinaProject(GJJ200809)supported by the Education Department Project Fund of Jiangxi Province,ChinaProject(2020BAB214021)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province,China。
文摘Direct carbon solid oxide fuel cells(DC-SOFCs)are promising,green,and efficient power-generating devices that are fueled by solid carbons and comprise all-solid-state structures.Developing suitable anode materials for DC-SOFCs is a substantial scientific challenge.Herein we investigated the use of La_(0.75)Sr_(0.25)Cr_(0.5)Mn_(0.5)O_(3)-δ−Ce_(0.8)Gd_(0.2)O_(1.9)(LSCM−GDC)composite electrodes as anodes for La_(0.9)Sr_(0.1)Ga_(0.8)Mg_(0.2)O_(3)-δelectrolyte-based DC-SOFCs,with Camellia oleifera shell char as the carbon fuel.The LSCM−GDC-anode DC-SOFC delivered a maximum power density of 221 mW/cm^(2) at 800℃ and it significantly improved to 425 mW/cm^(2) after Ni nanoparticles were introduced into the LSCM−GDC anode through wet impregnation.The microstructures of the prepared anodes were characterized,and the stability of the anode in a DC-SOFC and the influence of catalytic activity on open circuit voltage were studied.The above results indicate that LSCM–GDC anode is promising to be applied in DC-SOFCs.
文摘The transient acoustic field radiated by a piezoelectric thickness-mode transducer into a solid medium is theoretically analysed. It is proved that the field consists of the direct wave, the longitudinal edge waves, the shear edge.waves, the head wave and the surface waves. The wavefront approximations of all these waves are given which result in a clear physical picture which is not only simple but also cotains the main features of the field. The theoretical result well describes the experiment.
文摘To investigate the application of reformed coke oven gas （COG） in producing the direct reduction iron （DRI）, we simulated a countercurrent gas solid moving bed reactor in which the iron ore pellet was reduced by reformed COG. An ordinary differential equation （ODE） was set based on the unreacted shrinking core model considering both mass and energy balances of the reactor. The concentration and temperature profiles of all species within the reactor were obtained by solving the ODE sys tem. The solid conversion and gas utilization were studied by changing gas flow rate, solid flow rate, reactor length, and the ratio of O/CHa to guide the practical application of COG in DRI production. Model results showed that COG was suitable for the DRI production. In order to meet the requirement of the industrial production, the minimum gas flow rate was set as 130,000 Nm3/h, and the maximum production was 90 t/h. The reactor length and the mole ratio x（O）： x（CH4） were depended on the actual industrial situations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30871393)National Hing-Tech Research & Development Project of China (2006AA020702)
文摘The combination of chromatin immunoprecipitation with sequencing (ChIP-Seq) is an effective method for obtaining an in vivo genome-wide profile of the interaction of a protein with DNA. With the dramatic development of high-throughput short sequencing technologies, several new algorithms have been developed to process ChIP-Seq. However, the reported analytical tools for ChIP-Seq based on size selection of immunoprecipitated (IPed) DNA fragments are mainly adopted on the Solexa system. As a sequencer with the highest throughput, few studies of ChIP-Seq based on SOLiD system have been reported. The main difference of the SOLiD and Solexa systems exists in the length of DNA fragments during preparing sequencing libraries. The SOLiD system has relatively short DNA fragments if it processes a further sonication of IPed DNA fragments in order to meet the length requirement of DNA fragments for emulsion-PCR (ePCR). This work aims to investigate the influences of DNA fragment length on data analysis from ChIP-Seq. Previous studies show that typical bimodal peaks can be observed in Solexa ChIP-Seq data, but based on the analysis of the real SOLiD ChIP-Seq data in this study, we found that there were no double peaks with apparent reads shift in a local enriched region and the local reads distribution of peaks were tested by normal distribution. Using real and simulated ChIP-Seq data, three main ChIP-Seq algorithms (CisGenome, SISSRs and MACS) have been investigated. We found that algorithms developed for processing ChIP-Seq data generated from Solexa library protocol, cannot efficiently capture the feature of the ChIP-Seq data from SOLiD library. Misuse of those analytical tools would be a possible reason for failure of ChIP-Seq on the SOLiD system. Therefore, a new ChIP-Seq analytical strategy for an extra-sonication of IPed DNA fragments needs to be developed.
