Improvement of Drill Performance in Metal Cutting Using MoST Solid Lubricant Coatings

Coated tools are widely used in today’s metal cutting industries and have significantly improved machining productivity through reducing operation costs and time. This paper presents the results of a systematic study of the performance of HSS drills coated with CrTiAIN and drills with a top solid lubricant coating of MoST?. The tests were performed on a Haas vertical machining centre under wet and dry cutting conditions to machine through holes in medium carbon steel workpieces. The feed force and torque were recorded throughout some of the tests using a force dynamometer, while the tool wear was monitored and measured. It was found that MoST? coatings even under accelerated conditions improve the tool life significantly based on their unique properties and very low friction.

A Model for Predicting Dynamic Cutting Forces in Sand Mould Milling with Orthogonal Cutting

Cutting force is one of the research hotspots in direct sand mould milling because the cutting force directly a ects the machining quality and tool wear. Unlike metals, sand mould is a heterogeneous discrete deposition material. There is still a lack of theoretical research on the cutting force. In order to realize the prediction and control of the cut?ting force in the sand mould milling process, an analytical model of cutting force is proposed based on the unequal division shear zone model of orthogonal cutting. The deformation velocity relations of the chip within the orthogonal cutting shear zone are analyzed first. According to the flow behavior of granular, the unequal division shear zone model of sand mould is presented, in which the governing equations of shear strain rate, strain and velocity are estab?lished. The constitutive relationship of quasi?solid–liquid transition is introduced to build the 2D constitutive equation and deduce the cutting stress in the mould shear zone. According to the cutting geometric relations of up milling with straight cutting edge and the transformation relationship between cutting stress and cutting force, the dynamic cutting forces are predicted for di erent milling conditions. Compared with the experimental results, the predicted results show good agreement, indicating that the predictive model of cutting force in milling sand mould is validated. Therefore, the proposed model can provide the theoretical guidance for cutting force control in high e ciency mill?ing sand mould.

Performance evaluation of minimum quantity lubrication by vege-table oil in terms of cutting force,cutting zone temperature,tool wear,job dimension and surface finish in turning AISI-1060 steel

In all machining processes, tool wear is a natural phenomenon and it leads to tool failure. The growing demands for high productivity of machining need use of high cutting velocity and feed rate. Such machining inherently produces high cutting temperature, which not only reduces tool life but also impairs the product quality. Metal cutting fluid changes the performance of machining operations because of their lubrication, cooling and chip flushing functions, but the use of cutting fluid has become more problematic in terms of both employee health and environmental pollution. The minimization of cutting fluid also leads to economical benefits by way of saving lubricant costs and workpiece/tool/machine cleaning cycle time. The concept of minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) has been suggested since a decade ago as a means of addressing the issues of environmental intru- siveness and occupational hazards associated with the airborne cutting fluid particles on factory shop floors. This paper deals with experimental investigation on the role of MQL by vegetable oil on cutting temperature, tool wear, surface roughness and dimen- sional deviation in turning AISI-1060 steel at industrial speed-feed combinations by uncoated carbide insert. The encouraging results include significant reduction in tool wear rate, dimensional inaccuracy and surface roughness by MQL mainly through reduction in the cutting zone temperature and favorable change in the chip-tool and work-tool interaction.

Nano K_2Ti_4O_9 Whisker Enhanced Solid Lubrication Coating for Cutting Application

In order to decrease cutting fluid and improve environment, the cutting fluid was replaced by solid lubricant. Four kinds of solid lubricants were tested on a high temperature friction tester, from which nano K 2Ti 4O 9 whisker enhanced solid lubrication film was chosen. It was coated on the surface of cutters and tested on a CA6140 lathe. At the rate of 400r/min, the wear of the tool flank with solid lubrication film is 1/6 of that without the film, and it is even lower than that using cutting fluid. With the increase of cutting speed, the wear of the tool flank with solid lubrication film is still lower than that without film, but it is higher than that using cutting fluid. Surface analyses by AFM, SEM and EDX reveal that the solid lubrication film can prevent Fe element of chips from diffusing the cutter surface; adhesion of the cutter and chips is abated and the wear of the tool flank is obviously decreased.

Steam as coolant and lubricant in turning of metal matrix composites

Green cutting has become focus of attention in ecological and environmental protection. Steam is cheap, poilution-free and eco-friendly, and then is a good and economical coolant and lubricant. Steam generator and steam feeding system were developed to generate and feed steam. Comparative experiments were carried out in cutting AA6061-15 vol.% SiC （25 p.m particle size）, with cubic boron nitride （CBN） insert KB-90 grade under the conditions of compressed air, oil water emulsion, steam as coolant and lubricant, and dry cutting, respectively. The experimental results show that, with steam as coolant and lubricant, gradual reduction in the cutting force, friction coefficient, surface roughness and cutting temperature values were observed. Further, there was reduction in built up edge formation. It is proved that use of water steam as coolant and lubricant is environmentally friendly.

A MECHANICAL MODEL FOR THE CHIP SIDE DEFORMATION IN ALUMINIUM ALLOY CUTTING

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Effects of tool flank wear on orthogonal cutting process of aluminum alloy

The tool flank begins to wear out as soon as cutting process proceeds. Cutting parameters such as cutting forces and cutting temperature will vary with increasing degree of flank wear. In order to reveal the relationship between them, the theoretical situations of cutting process were analyzed considering the tool flank wear effect. The variation rules of cutting force, residual stress and temperature distributions along with the tool flank wear were analyzed comparing with the sharp tool tip. Through FEM simulation method, affections of the tool flank wear value VB on cutting forces, residual stress and temperature distributions were analyzed. A special result in this simulation is that the thrust force is more sensitive to tool flank wear, which can be used as a recognition method of tool condition monitoring. The FEM simulation analysis result agrees well with the experimental measuring data in public literatures and some experiments made also by the authors.

MACHINING OF METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES

Two types of aluminium-based composites reinforced respectively with 20 vol short fibre alumina and with a hybrid of 15 vol SiC particle and 5 vol short alumina fibre are machined with different tool materials:cemented carbide,ceramic,cubic boron nitride(CBN)and polycrystalline diamond(PCD).The analysis on tool wear shows that the various tool materials exhibite different tool wear behaviours,and the tool wear mechanisma are discussed.Apparently,PCD tools do not necessarily guarantee dimensional stability but they can provide the most economic means for machining all sorts of composites.Consequently,a suitable tool material is suggested for machining each metal matrix composite(MMC) from the standpoints of tool wear and machined surface finish.

基于Solid Works的冲裁力实体模型建立方法及应用

介绍了基于Solid Works的力实体模型建立和计算方法.在分析冲裁力的基础上,根据冲裁力的特点,提出了基于Solid Works的力实体模型的概念和建模方法,推出了多工位冲裁力和压力中心的算法,并对该算法进行了实际应用.这种方法简单易行,不需要复杂计算,与冲模结构设计参数一致,是非常实用的冲裁力计算新方法.

Effect of aluminum content on machining characteristics of AZ31 and AZ91 magnesium alloys during drilling

Magnesium(Mg)and its alloys are now becoming the promising choice for various structural applications due to their low density and high specific strength compared with other light metals such as aluminum and its alloys.Among all Mg alloys,AZ(aluminum and zinc)series is the most widely used alloy system for various structural applications.But,machining of magnesium and its alloys involves certain issues due to their brittle nature and risk of inflammability unlike other nonferrous metals.Particularly,alloys with considerable amount of secondary phase may exhibit different machining characteristics during metal cutting operations.In the present study,two AZ series alloys AZ31 and AZ91 were selected and drilling operation was performed to assess the effect of the secondary phase amount and distribution on machining characteristics.Drilling operation was carried out at different sets of process parameters and cutting forces were obtained and the chips which have been produced during drilling were analyzed.From the results,it can be clearly understood that the presence of secondary phase(Mg_(17)Al_(12))has a significant influence on cutting forces.Increase in cutting speed has reduced the required cutting force and load fluctuations in all the cases.

润滑条件对TC4钛合金切削加工影响的实验研究

为了研究冷却润滑条件及切削参数对TC4钛合金的切削力和表面粗糙度的影响,分别开展CMQL、冷风、浇注式冷却润滑条件的TC4钛合金高速切削实验、四种不同润滑环境的粗/半精/精加工实验以及CMQL条件下TC4钛合金正交切削试验,通过单因素分析和正交试验法研究冷却润滑条件及切削参数对切削加工性的影响。研究表明:CMQL冷却润滑条件可在TC4钛合金高速切削时有效降低切削阻力和改善表面粗糙度,并在高速精车削阶段体现出降低切削阻力的优势。考虑CMQL条件下高速精车TC4钛合金加工效率,最佳参数组合为较高的切削速度、较小的精加工余量和合适范围内较大的进给量。

钛合金铣削加工中MQL参数优化与切削性能研究

微量润滑(MQL)铣削过程中,系统工艺参数对刀具–切屑和刀具–工件间接触界面的冷却润滑效果影响显著。本文通过有限元仿真分析了铣刀高速旋转扰动的空气流场对MQL喷射角度的影响以及切削区压力影响下的切削液渗透机理。然后,以钛合金TC4为工件材料、油膜附水滴(OoW)为润滑介质,通过正交试验研究微量润滑系统喷射角度、喷射距离和润滑油流量对铣削力的影响规律,获得油膜附水滴微量润滑(OoWMQL)系统最佳工艺参数为:喷嘴俯角30°、喷射距离10 mm、润滑油流量135 mL/h。基于此,采用OoWMQL系统最优工艺参数,开展干式铣削和水基微量润滑(WMQL)铣削下切削速度、每齿进给量对钛合金切削性能的影响研究。结果表明,相比干式铣削,WMQL方法对铣削力的改善效果较弱,而OoWMQL方法在所有参数下均明显降低了铣削力,且降低幅度最高可达50%左右。此外,采用OoWMQL方法可显著降低表面粗糙度,抑制划痕和粘屑等表面缺陷的产生,有效提高钛合金的切削加工性。

磁场辅助纳米流体气雾渗透沉积特性及其加工性能

为了改善机加工过程中油基气雾润滑形成的高油雾质量浓度环境,提出磁场辅助纳米流体气雾润滑技术.该技术可以大幅降低作业环境的油雾质量浓度.搭建磁场辅助气雾装置,配制水基Fe3O4纳米流体切削液.研究磁场影响下纳米流体气雾的渗透和沉积特性.对比考察磁化气雾在铣削430不锈钢过程中的油雾质量浓度和加工性能.结果表明,磁场影响下的纳米流体气雾渗透能力提升,沉积量增多.当磁感应强度为60 mT时,纳米流体气雾润滑下的油雾质量浓度、刀具磨损量、切削力和粗糙度分别比植物油气雾润滑低66.3%、22.7%、14.6%和23.4%.磁场影响下的纳米流体易沉积且渗透进刀-屑接触界面的毛细微缝中发挥润滑冷却作用,抑制油雾的弥散.

Effect of grain refinement on cutting force of difficult-to-cut metals in ultra-precision machining

The nickel-based superalloy Inconel 718 is treated with Coupled Ultrasonic and Electric Pulse Treatment(CUEPT),and the surface grain is refined from the average size of 9550.0 nm to287.9,216.3,150.5,126.3,25.8 nm by different effective treatment currents,respectively.The ultraprecision turning experiments are carried out on the processed workpiece after CUEPT.The experimental results show that the average cutting force increases with the decrease of surface grain size.Moreover,a mathematical model that can describe the relationship between grain size and cutting force is established,and the calculated results match the experimental results well.The calculated results also indicate that the variation of cutting force caused by the same variation of grain size decreases as the degree of grain refinement increases.Finally,the influence mechanism of grain refinement on cutting force is analyzed.The improvement of stability of grain boundaries and the increase of number of grain boundaries cause the increase of cutting force after grain refinement.

倒角刀刃切削过程中切削力的有限元法预测

提出了一个预测倒角刀刃切削过程中切削力大小的有限元分析模型 .综合考虑了切削加工过程中大应变、大应变速率和高温对工件材料属性的影响 ,将工件材料的流动应力看成是应变、应变速率和温度的函数 .模拟过程从刀具切入工件开始 ,到切削力达稳态为止 .切屑的分离通过商业有限元分析软件Marc中的自适应网格重划分功能实现 .采用不同切削条件下切削力的测量结果对有限元分析结果进行验证 ,发现二者具有较好的一致性 .

微织构自润滑刀具的切削性能研究

采用激光加工方法在硬质合金车刀前刀面月牙洼易磨损区域加工微织构并填充固体润滑剂MoS2,制备了微织构自润滑刀具(MTR-1和MTR-2),并与传统硬质合金刀具MT0进行了干切削淬火45钢的对比试验。试验结果发现,与传统硬质合金刀具MT0相比,微织构自润滑刀具能够显著降低切削力、减小刀具前刀面磨损。同时,微织构自润滑刀具的切削性能受微织构结构影响,合理的微织构结构能够减少切屑的粘结,从而提高微织构自润滑刀具的切削性能。

微织构自润滑刀具干切削0Cr18Ni9奥氏体不锈钢的切削性能

采用激光加工方法在硬质合金刀具的前刀面加工出微织构,并在微织构中填充固体润滑剂制成微织构自润滑刀具;使用微织构自润滑刀具、微织构刀具以及传统硬质合金刀具分别对0Cr18Ni9奥氏体不锈钢进行干切削试验,并对比了它们的切削性能。结果表明：与传统刀具相比,微织构自润滑刀具能有效提高切削性能（主切削力减小了8%~16%,切削温度降低了15%~24%）,增加切屑的曲卷,改善刀具的粘着磨损现象。

MoS_2基固体润滑剂微织构自润滑刀具切削性能的研究

采用激光加工方法在硬质合金刀具的前刀面加工不同形状的微织构,并填充不同的固体润滑剂,对制备的微织构自润滑刀具以及传统刀具进行干切削304奥氏体不锈钢的对比试验。试验结果表明,与传统硬质合金刀具相比,微织构自润滑刀具能显著地降低切削力,减小前刀面摩擦系数,降低切削温度,减少刀具前刀面的磨损。选用MoS_2/Sb_2O_3复合固体润滑剂能更好地提高微织构刀具的切削性能,减少切屑的粘结。

纳米K_2Ti_4O_9晶须增强型固体润滑涂层在切削加工中的应用

为了减少切削加工中切削液的排放 ,改善环境 ,本研究用固体润滑剂代替切削液。在高温摩擦试验机上对四种固体润滑剂进行了摩擦试验和效果对比 ,筛选出纳米钛酸钾增强型复合固体润滑剂 ;将其涂覆在刀具表面进行 4 0Cr钢切削试验 ,干切削中切削速度为 14 0m/min时涂层刀具的后刀面磨损量是未涂层刀具的 1/ 6 ,比使用切削液时的磨损量也略有降低 ;随着切削速度的升高 ,涂层刀具的后刀面磨损量有所增加 ,但仍比未涂层的低 ,比使用润滑液的有所增高。AFM、SEM和EDX对摩擦表面的分析结果表明 :固体润滑膜涂覆在刀具表面 ,可改善刀具的润滑状况 ,有效地防止切屑和刀具的粘附 。

微织构刀具研究现状

微织构刀具具有独特的刀面减磨槽设计,这使其在切削时具有抗磨损、减小切削力和切削热、增强润滑等有利于切削的各种性能,因此得到了国内外学术界和产业界的广泛关注。从微织构刀具对切削性能的影响、微织构的加工方式、分布方式、润滑方式、微织构对刀具强度的影响等几个方面,对现有刀具表面织构化技术的研究情况进行了梳理分析,为微织构刀具的设计、创新和发展提供系统的基础理论和有效实用的方法。