Preparation of A New Fiber by Sol-gel Technology in Solid-phase Microextraction (SPME)

The sol-gel technology is applied for the preparation of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber. The fiber demonstrates high thermal stability, efficient extraction rate and the selectivity for non-polar or low-polar analytes. Efficient SPME-GC-FID analyses of benzene- toluene-ethylbenzene-xylenes (BTEXs) and low-polar halocarbon were achieved by the sol-gel coated DSDA-DDBT-TiO2 fiber. Some parameters of the SPME fiber for the determination of halocarbon in aqueous sample were investigated.

Reviews of Metallurgical Technology to Recovery Platinum Group Metals from Secondary Resource in China

China is extremely poor in mineral resources of Platinum Group Metals (PGMs), productive output of PGMs from mineral resource is 2.5 tons per year. At the same time, China is the biggest PGMs consumption country in the world, the mineral resource of PGMs is critical shortage, it shows the importance of recycling the secondary resource of PGMs. Sino-Platinum Metals Resource (Yimen) Co., Ltd. is the leader in recycling of PGMs from secondary resource, and has made outstanding contributions to China PGMs secondary resources recycling. This article elucidates the current situation of secondary resources recovery and development of metallurgical technology for PGMs.

Innovations and applications of the thermal recovery techniques for heavy oil

Heavy oil represents a vital petroleum resource worldwide.As one of the major producers,China is facing great challenges in effective and economic production of heavy oil due to reservoir complexity.Plenty of efforts have been made to promote innovative advances in thermal recovery modes,methods,and processes for heavy oil in the country.The thermal recovery mode has been shifted from simple steam injection to a more comprehensive“thermal+"strategy,such as a novel N2-steam hybrid process and CO_(2)-enhanced thermal recovery techniques.These advanced techniques break through the challenges of heavy oil extraction from less accessible reservoirs with thinner oil layers and greater burial depths.Regarding thermal recovery methods,China has developed the steam-assisted gravity drainage method integrating flooding and drainage(also referred to as the hybrid flooding-drainage SAGD technology)for highly heterogeneous ultra-heavy oil reservoirs and the fire flooding method for nearly depleted heavy oil reservoirs,substantially improving oil recovery.Furthermore,a range of processes have been developed for heavy oil production,including the open hole completion process using sand control screens for horizontal wells,the process of integrated injection-recovery with horizontal pump for horizontal wells,the steam dryness maintenance,measurement,and control process,efficient and environment-friendly circulating fluidized bed(CFB)boilers with high steam dryness,the recycling process of produced water,and the thermal recovery process for offshore heavy oil.Based on the advances in methodology,technology,and philosophy,a series of supporting technologies for heavy oil production have been developed,leading to the breakthrough of existing technical limit of heavy oil recovery and the expansion into new exploitation targets.For the future heavy oil production in China,it is necessary to embrace a green,low-carbon,and energy-efficient development strategy,and to expand heavy oil extraction in reservoirs with larger burial depth,more viscous oil,thinner oil layers,and lower permeability.Moreover,it is highly recommended to collaboratively maximize oil recovery and oil-to-steam ratio through technological innovations,and boost intelligentization of heavy oil production.

Vacuum-Aided Recovery Technology of Spent Ni-Cd Batteries

Recovery of Ni-Cd batteries was studied by a self-designed vacuum-aided recovering system under laboratory conditions. The fundamental research on a process of disassembling and recovering selected materials from Ni-Cd batterieswas conducted. The impacts of temperature, pressure and time were studied respectively. The mechanism of vacuum thermal recovering was also discussed. The results show that: Ni-Cd batteries can be recovered effectively byvacuum-aided recovering system at 573~1173 K. At constant pressure, the increase of temperature can improve theseparating efficiency of cadmium. When the temperature is 1173 K, the cadmium can evaporate completely fromthe residue during 3 h at 10 Pa. The reduction of pressure in the certain range is effective to separate cadmium byvacuum distillation. Distillation time is a very important factor affecting separation of cadmium.

Processing, Recovery and Analysis of Precious Metals Using Molecular Recogntion Technology

IBC Advanced Technologies' Molecular Recognition Technology(MRT) products,trade named SuperLig,selectively and rapidly bind with target metal ions to remove them from solution.The MRT process can produce a high purity separation product of maximum added value at low cost.In this paper,applications of MRT in the precious metals industry,including selective commercial separations involving Au,Pd,Pt,Rh,and Ru,are described and discussed.Application of MRT to the analytical determination of precious metals is presented.Potential use of MRT in recovering precious metals from end-of-life(EOL) products is discussed.

Novel Technology and Products: Fluidized Bed Incineration and Energy Recovery for Waste Disposal——Developed by the Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University

The waste referred to includes solid waste and sludge. Solid waste is mainly from urban garbage and industrial waste. Sludge is from water treatment factories, paper mills, chemical factories, pharmaceutical factories, rivers and lakes. The waste and sludge are very harmful to water organisms, human health and drinking water, and directly affect the environment. Sludge and waste also occupy large areas of land. There are several methods to treat waste and sludge, such as burial, chemical treatment and incineration. Incineration is more effective than the

Technologies of enhancing oil recovery by chemical flooding in Daqing Oilfield, NE China

By tracking and analyzing the research and practices of chemical flooding carried out in the Daqing Oilfield, NE China since the 1970 s, the chemical flooding theory, technology adaptability and existing problems were systematically summarized, and directions and ideas of development in the future were proposed. In enhanced oil recovery by chemical flooding, the Daqing Oilfield developed theories related to compatibility between crude oil and surfactant that may form ultra-low interfacial tensions with low-acidity oil, and a series of surfactant products were developed independently. The key technologies for chemical flooding such as injection parameter optimization and numerical simulation were established. The technologies of separation injection, cleansing and anti-scaling, preparation and injection, and produced liquid processing were developed. The matching technologies of production engineering and surface facilities were formed. Through implementation of chemical flooding, the Daqing Oilfield achieved outstanding performances with enhanced recovery rate of 12% in polymer flooding and with enhanced recovery rate of 18% in ASP flooding. To further enhance the oil recovery of chemical flooding, three aspects need to be studied:(1) fine characterization of reservoirs;(2) smart and efficient recovery enhancement technologies;(3) environment friendly, high-efficiency and smart matching processes.

Development Status and Prospects of CCS-EOR Technology in China

China surpassed the United States （US） in 2006 to become the largest greenhouse gas emitter. CCS- EOR technology, which meets the dual needs of reducing carbon emissions and enhancing oil recovery, has had much importance attached to it. For the latest decade, the Chinese government has provided support for CCS- EOR technology through policy, funding and research projects. Under the vigorous guidance of the government, oil companies represented by China National Petroleum Corporation （CNPC） competed to carry out research, demonstration, popularization and operation in major oil fields centering on the CCS-EOR technology and achieved remarkable results. Its scientific and technological achievements are reflected in various sub-projects under the 863 Program, 973 Program and National Science and Technology Major Project. However, while shifting from trial promotion of the current stage to large-scale commercialization, CCS-EOR technology will not only face many opportunities but also quite a few challenges.

Flourishing Technology Development for China's Petroleum Industry

In the past two years,more effort has been paid to scientific research for devel opment of new technologies in order to fulfill the goal of CNPC.

Technologies for Thermal Recovery in Liaohe Oilfield

The technology level of heavy oil thermal re-covery in Liaohe Oilfield is greatly improved after more than ten years of practice,and the technology in Shuguang is symbolic.The annual heavy oil pro-duction in Shuguang has reached 196X 10*t now.

Outlook for Oil and Gas Engineering Technology in China

In the field of global oil and gas engineering science and technology, innovative progress has been made in deep sea exploration, unconventional oil and gas exploration, deep exploration in mature areas, and improvements in recovery efficiency and supporting technologies. The oil and gas industry in China has entered the stage of "simultaneous development of both shallow and deep sea areas, conventional and unconventional oil and gas, and onshore and offshore exploration", withonshore deep areas,deep sea areas,and unconventional oil and gas as important exploration priorities. Oil and gas engineering science and technology in China has seen 14 breakthroughs made in key areas and 6 key tasks to be completed in the fields of "onshore deep exploration, deep sea exploration, unconventional oil and gas exploration, recovery efficiency improvement and supporting engineering technologies". These developments will effectively promote the orderly succession of oil and gas exploration and the efficient use of oil and gas resources to achieve a sustained and healthy development of the oil and gas industry in China and boost the development and utilization of overseas resources.

New Technology Promoting Advance of China's Petroleum Industry

In the recent years,CNPC has examined and approved more than 600 items of gadgets for extensive application.The approved projects inc-lude both single item of advanced and applicable technology and a number of items of supporting technology which are broght together in one area to solve the regional problems and boost the production capacity.As the economic reform is making progress,,theI mandatory planned system will be gradually replaced by the new guiding planned managerial system.

Pretreating Stored Human Urine for Solar Evaporation by Low-Technology Ammonia Stripping

In order to avoid the loss of ammonia during solar drying of stored urine, low-tech stripping is suggested as a pretreatment process for ammonia recovery. The mass transfer of ammonia from stored urine with an initial pH of about 9 was tested in a simple closed vessel operated at 72°C, 74°C and 85°C. The specific urine/gas interface was 16.97 m-1. For ammonia absorption, a beaker with sulfuric acid was positioned in the gas phase of the container. After keeping the stored urine for 73 h at 85°C, the concentration of free ammonia (NH3) was reduced by more than 99%, and the pH of the stored urine decreased to 6.4 due to ammonia volatilization. Total ammonia (NH3+ NH4+) concentration was reduced by only 83% in the same period. At lower temperatures, the process was slower. Required treatment time can be reduced when specific gas/liquid interface is increased. Because it is known that water can be heated in solar boxes to temperatures above 90°C, this simple stripping apparatus is feasible to be operated with solar energy in remote areas with suitable climatic conditions where no electric power is available. As the area demand for solar “low-tech stripping” is less than 1 m2 per capita, this process can be looked at as a suitable pretreatment of stored urine prior to solar evaporation.

碳中和背景下我国固废资源化利用产业发展研究

固废资源化利用可以节约大量的资源和能源,具有循环利用、节能减碳的优势,对于推动加快形成绿色低碳生产方式和生活方式、实现“双碳”战略目标、促进美丽中国建设具有重要意义。本文结合典型案例分析,梳理了国内外固废资源化利用产业的发展现状,分析了我国固废资源化利用产业在产业化进程、资金投入、技术创新等方面存在的主要问题。在此基础上,提出了我国固废资源化利用产业的发展建议,推动产业化进程,促进“产业链、创新链、人才链、资金链”融合赋能;加大激励支持力度,夯实金融保障基础;打造科创资源高地,强化项目示范引领;集聚人才优势,搭建高水平合作平台,全面推进固废资源化利用产业的高质量发展。

直流快速开断技术研究进展和展望

由于直流电流无自然过零点且短路电流上升率高,直流电流快速开断与系统故障切除成为制约直流电力系统发展的一大瓶颈。该综述首先介绍了直流快速开断技术要求与难点。其次,详细分析了直流快速开断过程涉及的关键技术,包括电流转移技术、固态式直流开断技术、介质恢复技术和高速机械开关技术等,综述了各种技术的当前发展现状及其应用情况,对比了不同技术方案的特点及适应性。最后,对直流快速开断技术未来发展方向进行了讨论和总结,为小型化、高性能、低成本、高可靠快速直流断路器的研发及推广应用提供了新的技术思路。

水下滑翔机布放回收技术研究现状和趋势

水下滑翔机安全快速的布放回收是水下滑翔机稳健高效执行任务的基础。为水下滑翔机配备安全可靠的布放回收系统是水下滑翔机大规模部署和应用的前提。文章搜集整理国内外水下滑翔机布放回收技术,包括直接吊放式、托架式、滑轨式、牵引绳式、水面无人船/遥控潜水器(ROV)辅助回收式等以及几种方法优势组合,结合不同型号滑翔机详细展开分析不同布放回收技术的优缺点,总结水下滑翔机布放回收的难点和关键技术及引申的科学研究问题,并探讨未来水下滑翔机布放回收的发展趋势。分析结果可为研究和设计安全快速、智能自主的水下滑翔机布放回收系统提供思路,具有一定参考价值。

母亲河复苏行动模式与关键技术研究

为推动重要江河湖库生态保护治理,加快复苏河湖生态环境,水利部从2022年起部署实施母亲河复苏行动,印发行动方案,明确母亲河复苏行动河湖名单(2022—2025年)。通过系统分析88条(个)实施母亲河复苏行动河湖的问题、复苏目标、重点任务与行动措施、组织与责任落实情况等,研究提出母亲河复苏行动问题诊断、复苏目标确定、复苏行动模式与关键技术体系框架,为推动各地母亲河复苏行动提供参考。

胜利油田水驱开发技术进展及发展方向

水驱油藏是中国东部老油田开发的主体,经过长期注水开发已整体进入特高含水期,室内研究及矿场实践表明,仍有大幅度提高采收率的潜力,但受储层非均质性和开发动态非均质性影响,科学开发和效益开发难度加大,亟需攻关进一步提高采收率技术。整装油藏针对特高含水后期极端耗水严重、效益稳产及水驱提高采收率难等问题,深化了极端耗水层带理论,创新形成了层系近阻重组开发技术、特高含水油藏矢量开发技术和特高含水后期流场调整开发技术,实现了控耗水、降递减,平均采收率为43.7%;断块油藏针对断层多、断块小的特点及特高含水期剩余油规模小、动用难的问题,深化剩余油富集规律及水动力调控机制认识,创新形成了人工边水驱、立体开发等主导开发技术系列,提高了储量控制和水驱动用程度,平均采收率为29.4%,支撑了断块油藏效益稳产;低渗透油藏针对储层物性差、有效建驱难等问题,持续开展非线性渗流机理和压驱开发机理研究,攻关配套开发技术,不断拓宽开发界限,创新形成特低渗透油藏仿水平井注水、一般低渗透油藏井网适配提高采收率、低渗透-致密油藏压驱注水等差异开发技术系列,平均采收率为15.7%,实现了低渗透油藏提速提效开发。通过以上技术进步,实现了特高含水期水驱油藏的效益开发。结合不同类型油藏开发特点及面临形势,对水驱油藏进一步提高采收率提出了下步发展方向。

高温高盐油藏化学驱提高采收率理论技术与矿场应用

化学驱是提高采收率的重要方法之一,在油田高效开发中发挥了重要作用。基于中外化学驱技术的发展现状,针对高温高盐的苛刻油藏条件,系统总结了胜利油田化学驱提高采收率的理论技术。通过梳理胜利油田60a来化学驱技术从室内研究到矿场应用所攻克的理论和技术难题,介绍了高温高盐油藏化学驱的发展历程。通过认识驱油剂之间以及驱油剂与原油之间的相互作用和构效关系,迭代创建了高温高盐油藏聚合物“黏弹并重扩波及”理论、表面活性剂“油剂相似富集、阴非加合增效”理论和黏弹性颗粒“变形调驱”理论,并攻关形成了具有胜利特色的高温高盐油藏聚合物驱技术、无碱二元复合驱技术和非均相复合驱技术,攻克了温度为85℃、矿化度为30000 mg/L的油藏大幅度提高采收率的难题,矿场实施的96个化学驱项目的年产油量连续20a占油田年产油量的11%以上。该系列技术为胜利油田产量稳定和可持续发展做出了重要贡献。

机器人导航技术在股骨颈骨折微创内固定治疗中的应用效果分析

目的 探究机器人导航技术在股骨颈骨折微创内固定治疗中的应用效果。方法 选取2020年4月—2023年4月保定市第一中心医院接收的102例股骨颈骨折患者为研究对象。采用随机数字表法分为徒手组(51例,采用传统徒手空心钉内固定)和机器组(51例,采取机器人辅助下空心钉内固定)。比较两组患者手术指标、影像学资料、髋关节功能、股骨颈短缩分级情况以及术后并发症发生率。结果 机器组患者手术时间短于徒手组,术中出血量低于徒手组,导针钻孔次数少于徒手组,住院时间、骨折愈合时间均短于徒手组(P <0.05);机器组患者前倾角、颈干角偏离度均低于徒手组(P <0.05);两组患者的髋关节退变情况构成比比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);机器组患者Harris评分、髋伸屈活动度、髋内旋外旋活动度均高于徒手组(P <0.05),Fernandez-Esteve骨痂评分低于徒手组(P <0.05)。机器组患者的股骨颈短缩分级情况优于徒手组(P <0.05)。机器组的术后感染、退钉、神经损伤、骨折愈合不佳等并发症发生率低于徒手组(P <0.05)。结论 机器人导航技术在股骨颈骨折微创内固定治疗中能够提高手术精准度,缩短手术和恢复时间,改善术后股骨颈功能恢复,降低并发症风险,提高患者满意度,具有良好的应用前景。