Application of Isogeometric Analysis Method in Three-Dimensional Gear Contact Analysis

Gears are pivotal in mechanical drives,and gear contact analysis is a typically difficult problem to solve.Emerging isogeometric analysis(IGA)methods have developed new ideas to solve this problem.In this paper,a threedimensional body parametric gear model of IGA is established,and a theoretical formula is derived to realize single-tooth contact analysis.Results were benchmarked against those obtained from commercial software utilizing the finite element analysis(FEA)method to validate the accuracy of our approach.Our findings indicate that the IGA-based contact algorithmsuccessfullymet theHertz contact test.When juxtaposed with the FEA approach,the IGAmethod demonstrated fewer node degrees of freedomand reduced computational units,all whilemaintaining comparable accuracy.Notably,the IGA method appeared to exhibit consistency in analysis accuracy irrespective of computational unit density,and also significantlymitigated non-physical oscillations in contact stress across the tooth width.This underscores the prowess of IGA in contact analysis.In conclusion,IGA emerges as a potent tool for addressing contact analysis challenges and holds significant promise for 3D gear modeling,simulation,and optimization of various mechanical components.

Finite Element Analysis of the Contact Mechanics of Ceramic-on-Ceramic Hip Resurfacing Prostheses

Ceramics are good alternative to metal as bearing couple materials because of their better wear resistance. A Finite Element(FE) study was performed to investigate the contact mechanics and stress distribution of Ceramic-on-Ceramic (COC) hip resurfacingprostheses. It was focused in particular on a parametric study to examine the effects of radial clearance, loading,alumina coating on the implants, bone quality, and fixation of cup-bone interface. It was found that a reduction in the radialclearance had the most significant effect on the predicted contact pressure distribution among all of the parameters considered inthis study. It was determined that there was a significant influence of non-metallic materials, such as the bone underneath thebearing components, on the predicted contact mechanics. Stress shielding within the bone tissue was found to be a major concernwhen regarding the use of ceramic as an alternative to metallic resurfacing prostheses. Therefore, using alumina implantswith a metal backing was found to be the best design for ceramic resurfacing prostheses in this study. The loading, bone quality,and acetabular cup fixation conditions were found to have only minor effects on the predicted contact pressure distribution alongthe bearing surfaces.

Analysis of Leakage in Bolted-Flanged Joints Using Contact Finite Element Analvsis

The evolution of leakage is studied using detailed contact finite element analysis. The distribution of stress at the gasket is analyzed using a contact condition based on slide-line elements using ABAQUS, a commercial finite element code, Slide-line elements also take into account pressure penetration as contact that is lost between flange and gasket. Results are presented for a particular flange, a raised face flange sealed by a mild steel gasket. A comparison of the results from the gasket contact analysis and the contact conditions specified by the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Sections VIII, Division 1 shows that the conditions specified in the ASME Code predict leakage relatively accurately.

Finite element synthesized analysis of the forming process of spiral welded pipe

Numerical simulation concerning the forming and welding process of spiral welded pipe was conducted, which included three steps ： the first step was the stress analysis when the spiral was formed, and then the stress was regarded as initial condition of melding during the temperature field analysis in the process of welding, the last step was the thermal stress analysis of the weld seam after the welding was over. Moreover, when the steel strip was pushed, the stress was also calculated by non-linearity contact technology using Abaqus Software. By finite element modeling and calculating of the forming and welding process of the spiral welded pipe, the key points of the multi-fields synthetic simulating were studied and discussed.

Finite Element Analysis of Fretting Behavior Between an Engine Cylinder Block and a Main Bearing Cap

The finite element analysis of the fretting behavior between a cylinder block and a main bearing cap is presented. The stresses, relative fretting slip, frettin g friction work parameter W and crack initiation location parameter Gon the fretting contact surface of the cylinder block are obtained and analyzed. It shows that the fretting fatigue problem of the cylinder block can be quantitat ively explained by WorG. The effects of pretightening force, friction factor and material combination of the cylinder block and the main bearing cap are studied. The computational results indicate that the fretting fatigue of the cylinder block can be allayed by increasing the elastic modulus of the cylinder block, but not by changing the other two factors.

Finite Element Analysis of 6300 Deep Groove Ball Bearing

Rolling bearing is widely used in mechanical support, its general components are the inner ring, outer ring, the ball, retainer etc.. Now many companies in developed countries and university in the rolling bearing as the research object, and has made great progress in design theory, the experiment method and production technology etc. We will use the finite element ANSYS to establish the model of deep groove ball bearing. Through the contact analysis, we can get the contact stress between the rings and balls, strain, contact state, penetration, sliding distance and the friction stress distribution. These values are compared to the theoretical values with Hertz theory, and they have better consistency, provide the good theoretical basis for the optimization design of rolling bearings.

Investigation of contact behavior on a model of the dual-mobility artificial hip joint for Asians in different inner liner thicknesses

BACKGROUND The four components that make up the current dual-mobility artificial hip joint design are the femoral head,the inner liner,the outer liner as a metal cover to prevent wear,and the acetabular cup.The acetabular cup and the outer liner were constructed of 316L stainless steel.At the same time,the inner liner was made of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene(UHMWPE).As this new dual-mobility artificial hip joint has not been researched extensively,more tribological research is needed to predict wear.The thickness of the inner liner is a significant component to consider when calculating the contact pressure.AIM To make use of finite element analysis to gain a better understanding of the contact behavior in various inner liner thicknesses on a new model of a dual-mobility artificial hip joint,with the ultimate objective of determining the inner liner thickness that was most suitable for this particular type of dual-mobility artificial hip joint.METHODS In this study,the size of the femoral head was compared between two diameters(28 mm and 36 mm)and eight inner liner thicknesses ranging from 5 mm to 12 mm.Using the finite element method,the contact parameters,including the maximum contact pressure and contact area,have been evaluated in light of the Hertzian contact theory.The simulation was performed statically with dissipated energy and asymmetric behavior.The types of interaction were surface-to-surface contact and normal contact behavior.RESULTS The maximum contact pressures in the inner liner(UHMWPE)at a head diameter of 28 mm and 36 mm are between 3.7-13.5 MPa and 2.7-10.4 MPa,respectively.The maximum von Mises of the inner liner,outer liner,and acetabular cup are 2.4–11.4 MPa,15.7–44.3 MPa,and 3.7–12.6 MPa,respectively,for 28 mm head.Then the maximum von Mises stresses of the 36 mm head are 1.9-8.9 MPa for the inner liner,9.9-32.8 MPa for the outer liner,and 2.6-9.9 MPa for the acetabular cup.A head with a diameter of 28 mm should have an inner liner with a thickness of 12 mm.Whereas the head diameter was 36 mm,an inner liner thickness of 8 mm was suitable.CONCLUSION The contact pressures and von Mises stresses generated during this research can potentially be exploited in estimating the wear of dual-mobility artificial hip joints in general.Contact pressure and von Mises stress reduce with an increasing head diameter and inner liner’s thickness.Present findings would become one of the references for orthopedic surgery for choosing suitable bearing geometric parameter of hip implant.

Finite element analysis of tibio-femoral contact mechanics of a customised knee spacer

With one-third of patients having osteoarthritis predominantly in one compartment of the knee,unicompartmental knee spacers have been introduced as a less invasive alternative to total knee replacement.However,patients with the knee spacer implanted were seen to have persistent pain,resulting in high revision rates.A static finite element model of the knee and its interaction with a knee spacer implant at full extension and 90°flexion was used to investigate the tibio-femoral contact mechanics of the knee joint after a knee spacer surgery.Three different knee spacer designs(contoured,flat and C-shaped)were modelled and prescribed with cobalt-chrome,ultra-high molecular polyethylene and polyurethane material properties.The results suggested that a softer spacer is generally preferred as this helps in the conformity of knee spacer to the condyle,effectively distributing the load subjected to the implant.Flat spacers that result in high stresses resulting from lower contact areas should be avoided.

Analysis of Factors Affecting Sealing Performance of Subsea Wellhead Connector

Subsea wellhead connector is the key equipment for offshore oil and gas production. The working water depth is generally more than 500 m, so it has higher requirements for its sealing performance. In this paper, the VX gasket matched with H-4 subsea wellhead connector is taken as the research object, and the mechanical analysis under preload and production conditions is carried out. The finite element model of subsea wellhead connector is established by ABAQUS software, and the influence of axial preload, production pressure and material properties on the sealing performance of VX gasket is studied. The results show that the greater the axial preload, the greater the contact stress on the gasket surface;the contact stress decreases first and then increases linearly with the increase of production pressure;the material properties of the gasket are also an important factor affecting its sealing performance, 316L stainless steel is more suitable for gasket material than 304 stainless steel and Inconel625.

Precise Design and Stress Analysis of Straight Conical Gear

Variable section sweeping with sphere involutes is used to generate the precise model of tooth profile. The contact and bending stress of a straight conical gear set with static bearing contact during a meshing cycle is studied using finite element method. Numerical results and comments are presented, revealing that the edge contact causes stress concentration and the gear tooth profile needs further modification.

骨架膜装配式节点设计与承载力分析

提出的骨架膜结构装配式节点具有构造简单、预制程度高、便于现场装配、可以调节消减加工误差、适应各种形状的骨架膜结构、传力清晰等特点。基于Hertz接触理论分析了该节点的关键承载结构——销轴连接的应力分布形式并与有限元分析相互印证。基于有限元分析得出了该节点中杆件与耳板最佳的连接方式,对该节点的三维模型进行简化并建立有限元模型,计算了该节点的极限承载能力,得到其破坏形式并与同规格的空间相贯焊接钢管节点进行对比。结果表明:该装配式节点的失效由下弦杆控制,满足“强节点,弱杆件”的设计要求;该装配式节点的极限承载能力为设计荷载的2.95倍,与同规格的空间相贯焊接钢管节点几乎相同,有充足的安全余量,可以更加灵活地应用于各种建筑结构中。

基于UEL的水电机组导轴承支架非线性连接模态特性分析

模态分析是水电机组故障诊断的重要方法,但其传统方法缺少对接触部分非线性接触的模拟手段,直接影响模态分析的准确性,也无法对链接部位的失效过程及趋势进行分析。该文基于用户自定义单元子程序接口(user-defined element subroutine interface,UEL),建立了结合部三维非线性专用分析单元模型。推导所提模型有限元格式的基本方程,获得表征材料非线性特性的本构关系;给出螺栓连接的固定结合部的静态分析,以及立式水轮发电机导轴承支架的模态分析算例;给出导轴承支架的支臂末端螺栓连接变刚度计算的工程应用实例。实验与仿真对比结果表明了建立的UEL三维非线性接触分析专用单元模型的正确性;连接失效分析表明了随着导轴承支架接触刚度的下降,会在整机模态频率计算中引入新的频率段这一结果的重要性。

螺栓联接结合面三维分形刚度模型与实验研究

为更准确地分析螺栓联接体的静动态特性,根据三维分形理论,考虑微凸体弹塑性接触在内的4种变形阶段,分别得到螺栓联接结合面的法向载荷与切向载荷,进而建立了螺栓联接结合面法向刚度与切向刚度模型,并分析了各参数对螺栓联接结合面刚度模型的影响关系。开展了有限元分析与实验研究,应用所建立的法向刚度与切向刚度模型,将考虑结合面影响的螺栓联接体有限元分析结果分别与忽略结合面影响的螺栓联接体有限元分析结果以及实验结果对比。研究结果显示,增大预紧力、工作载荷、分形维数、材料特性参数,或是减小分形尺度参数,可增大螺栓联接结合面的刚度;应用所建立结合面刚度模型的螺栓联接体有限元分析结果与实验结果误差在8%以内,远小于忽略结合面影响的有限元分析误差。

UKA胫骨托盘背部设计对骨-假体固定界面的生物力学影响

目的研究UKA胫骨托盘背部设计对单髁膝关节置换(unicompartmental knee arthroplasty,UKA)骨-假体固定界面的生物力学影响。方法构建膝关节内侧置换的固定式UKA有限元模型,以膝关节行走运动下的关节载荷和关节运动为边界条件,对比研究大龙骨型、小龙骨型、两立柱带鳍骨型、三斜立柱型和三直立柱型UKA胫骨托盘背部设计下胫骨von Mises等效应力、骨-假体固定界面接触应力以及微动的差异。结果在膝关节内侧最大受力时刻,相对于两立柱带鳍骨型的胫骨von Mises等效应力、骨-假体固定界面接触应力和微动,大龙骨型分别减小8%和15.9%、增大9.9%;小龙骨型分别减小12.3%、增大7.5%和1.6%;三斜立柱型分别减小10%和10.5%、增大1.2%;三直立柱型分别减小7.7%、14.7%、1.6%。而骨-假体固定界面的最大微动发生在步态周期21%时刻,相对于两立柱带鳍骨型的骨-假体固定界面微动,大龙骨型增大1.2%,小龙骨型增大1.6%,三斜立柱型减小0.4%,三直立柱型减小2.3%。结论为了提高胫骨假体的长期固定效果,建议UKA胫骨托盘设计应重点考虑两直立柱带鳍骨或小龙骨的组合设计,从而有效地平衡应力传递和界面微动,在保证假体稳定性的同时降低无菌性松动的风险。

基于非线性弹簧的圆锥滚子轴承建模与分析

为解决风机主轴承滚动体数目多、尺寸大,进行有限元分析计算量大、收敛困难的难题,提出一种基于非线性弹簧的圆锥滚子轴承有限元等效模型,滚动体沿轴线方向分片,各分片与滚道接触以及球基面与挡边接触的“载荷-变形”关系采用弹簧单元等效模拟,等效弹簧的刚度通过赫兹接触理论确定。以某兆瓦级风机主轴承为例分析了该模型滚动体载荷分布及套圈整体变形,并与实体滚动体接触分析计算结果进行了对比。结果表明:基于非线性弹簧的等效模型能准确反映轴承内部载荷分布及整体变形情况,大大缩减计算量,为风机圆锥滚子主轴承的设计与分析提供了理论依据和指导。

Three-dimensional finite element analysis of shallow indentation of rough strain-hardening surface

Three-dimensional finite element modeling of the contact between a rigid spherical indenter and a rough surface is presented when considering both the loading and unloading phases. The relationships among the indentation load, displacement, contact area, and mean contact pressure for both loading and unloading are established through a curve fitting using sigmoid logistic and power law functions. The contact load is proportional to the contact area, and the mean contact pressure is related to the characteristic stress, which is dependent on the material properties. The residual displacement is proportional to the maximum indentation displacement. A proportional relationship also exists for plastically dissipated energy and work conducted during loading. The surface roughness results in an effective elastic modulus calculated from an initial unloading stiffness several times larger than the true value of elastic modulus. Nonetheless, the calculated modulus under a shallow spherical indentation can still be applied for a relative comparison.

基于ANSYS的膨胀管膨胀过程力学研究

为了研究膨胀管在均布挤压载荷作用下的应力、应变情况,采用有限元软件ANSYS Workbench对膨胀管膨胀过程进行显示动力学仿真模拟。膨胀锥在不同载荷作用下对膨胀管挤压,使其发生弹塑性变形。膨胀管受到膨胀锥的挤压力作用与套管密切接触,达到了对套管的修补和密封作用。通过分析膨胀管的膨胀过程获得了膨胀套管装配体不同零件的应力、应变云图结果和对应的应力、应变曲线变化情况,从而为实际工程应用提供有价值的理论参考。

Analysis of asphalt mix surface-tread rubber interaction by using finite element method

The surface texture of the pavement plays a very important role in driving the frictional properties at the tire rubber-pavement interface. Particularly, the hysteretic friction due to viscoelastic deformations of rubber depends mainly on the pavement surface texture. In the present paper, the effect of micromechanical pavement surface morphology on rubber block friction was brought in by comparing the friction results for three different asphalt mix morphological surfaces, named stone mastic asphalt （SMA）, ultra-thin surfacing （UTS） and porous asphalt （PA）. The asphalt surface morphologies of these mixes were captured by using an X-ray tornographer, from which the resulting images micromechanical finite element （FE） meshes for SMA, UTS and PA pavements were developed by means of the SimpleWare software. In the FE model, the rubber and asphalt binder were modeled as viscoelastic （V-E） materials and the formulation was given in the large deformation frame- work. FE simulations were then carried out by using contact algorithm between rubber and the road surface. It was observed that the rubber friction inversely varies with the sliding speed and positively varies with the pressure for all the pavement morphological and stiffness conditions. Furthermore, it was observed that the highly porous pavement surface results in large dissipation of energy, hence, large rubber friction which shows that the mix characteristics of pavements have a simaificant effect on rubber friction.

高速列车滚动轴承特征频率计算方法

针对高速列车滚动轴承的工作特点,研究了滚子在完好和损伤条件下滚动轴承的特征频率变化规律。基于赫兹接触理论结合轴承实际接触状态,分析了轴承各部件之间相互作用下变形规律,建立了虑及轴承接触部位挠度变化的特征频率计算模型,研究了转速对VA3881型滚动轴承的滚子分别在正常和损伤情况下特征频率的影响规律。研究结果表明,振动特征频率受到轴承转速的影响,特征频率会随着转速的增加而增加。通过有限元瞬态动力学仿真模型对所建立的计算模型进行验证,仿真结果与理论计算结果相吻合,证明了所建模型与仿真结果的合理性和正确性。该研究为轴承的故障诊断提供了合理的方法。

表面织构对滑动电接触界面摩擦学行为的影响

目的利用表面织构减摩抗磨的优良特性,将其应用于电接触摩擦表面,探讨它对滑动电接触界面摩擦磨损及电接触可靠性的影响。方法利用激光系统制备2种织构,即方坑型表面织构(SPT)和沟槽型表面织构(GT),并与光滑表面的载流摩擦学信号进行对比分析。利用ABAQUS模拟试验,分析界面接触应力、电压和位移的变化特性。结果随着试验的进行,GT表面的摩擦因数逐渐增大,并与光滑表面达到同一水平(0.7),SPT表面的摩擦因数在整个试验过程中始终较低(0.4)。光滑表面在电接触过程中发生了多频振动现象,2种织构表面的振动信号非常微弱,尤其是SPT表面,仅出现了100 Hz的振动频率。光滑表面和GT表面出现较严重的磨损现象,而SPT表面磨损轻微。有限元分析结果表明,表面织构的存在能够避免应力集中现象,GT表面的应力较大(90MPa),且始终分布在沟槽棱边。结论在电接触状态下,2种织构表面均能不同程度地降低界面的摩擦因数和摩擦力,其中SPT表面的减摩降磨效果最显著。GT表面沟槽棱边的损伤和磨屑堆积是导致其逐渐失去减摩效果的主要原因。模拟分析结果证实,SPT表面织构的存在能避免应力集中,有利于改善磨损和降低振动强度。虽然GT表面的最大应力分布也具有时变特征,但是其值较大,且分布在沟槽棱边,导致沟槽织构的减摩效果逐渐减弱。