基于改进Solis&Wets算法的PID参数自整定

针对目前应用在PID参数自整定中的算法实现复杂、控制效果差、计算复杂度高等问题,提出了一种基于Solis&Wets算法的PID参数自整定方法。但考虑到初值点的选取会影响算法寻优的效果,将改进粒子群优化融合进Solis&Wets算法中。标准粒子群算法加入以下策略进行改进:引入平均极值将种群分类,针对不同种群采用异步进化策略,增强种群间的协作;针对进化过程中同一粒子的不同维度所出现的维差异问题,通过引入距离因子,实现粒子按维动态改变惯性权重的策略。将改进算法用于PID参数自整定中,并与其他几种算法作比较,结果表明,所提算法不仅可获得更好的控制效果,计算复杂度也明显降低。

基于Solis&Wets算法的机器人最优测量构形研究

研究了机器人标定中最优测量构形的选择,采用奇异值分解方法获得了机器人误差传播矩阵的条件数,以该条件数为优化的目标函数,利用Solis&Wets算法来选择机器人的一系列最优测量构形,以最小化参数估计中测量和建模误差的影响。实验结果表明该方法的标定结果优于随机选择的标定构形的标定结果。

基于Solis-Wets随机搜索算法的变截面板簧优化设计

变截面钢板弹簧以片数少、自重轻、吸收振动载荷能力强、疲劳寿命高等优点正逐步取代等截面钢板弹簧。但由于变截面钢板弹簧存在几何非线性、状态非线性等问题,常规的设计方法很难得到一个合适的设计方案。笔者利用APDL语言建立参数化的变截面钢板弹簧有限元模型,计算其应力和刚度。利用DAKOTA优化工具包使用Solis-Wets随机搜索算法结合ANSYS有限元分析进行结构参数优化。获得了同时满足许用应力要求和适合刚度约束的质量最轻设计方案。

颈椎前路Solis固定与钛板固定的对比研究

目的 比较颈椎前路减压植骨钛板固定和Solis固定的疗效。方法2001年9月～2004年3月，收治颈椎病患者104例，其中采用前路减压Solis固定36例，年龄31～69岁；减压植骨钛板固定68例，年龄35～72岁。术后6周，3、6、12、24及36个月，采用JOA评分法评定神经功能恢复情况，并摄x线片观察融合节段情况、稳定性及椎间高度改变。结果Solis固定组手术时间短、出血量少，且无并发症，与钛板固定组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈O．05）。术后JOA评分Solis固定组优良率94．4％，钛板固定组为94．1％。两组患者X线片示手术节段均在3个月内骨性融合，Solis固定组椎间高度增加1．6±0．7mm，与钛板固定组1．4±0．6mm比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。两组融合节段Cobb角改变均〈5°，Solis固定组为3．6±0．8°，钛板固定组为2．4±0．7°，且两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论两种内固定术的临床疗效均良好，但Solis操作更简便，创伤小、并发症少。

Solis椎间融合器植入治疗Ⅱ型及Ⅱa型Hangman骨折的手术配合

目的:总结Solis椎间融合器植入治疗Ⅱ型及Ⅱa型Hangman骨折的手术配合及护理。方法:通过对17例Solis椎间融合器植入治疗Ⅱ型及Ⅱa型Hangman骨折病人的手术配合,包括物品和器械准备、熟练的手术配合和体位的摆放、严格无菌操作技术、优质的护理服务。结果:无1例因术前准备不充分或术中配合不当而影响手术进展。结论:充分的术前准备、熟练的手术配合和体位的摆放、严格无菌操作技术、优质的医疗护理服务是手术顺利进行的保证。

SOLIS在颈椎前路融合术中的应用

目的探讨新型颈椎前路融合器(SOLIS)在颈椎前路融合术中的应用效果。方法对18例脊髓型颈椎病、12例颈椎间盘突出症采用颈椎前路减压融合术,小切口入路(3～4cm),椎间盘及部分椎体后缘切除后保留椎体终板,植入带自体松质骨的SOLIS。以手术前后X线片及JOA评分评价疗效。结果30例随访6～18个月,平均12.5个月。置入的SOLIS位置良好,无移动及脱出迹象;病变椎间隙高度恢复正常,未见椎间高度丢失;所有节段均于术后3～8个月骨性融合。术前JOA评分平均10.4分,术后平均14.9分,两者有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论颈椎前路融合器SOLIS具有良好的生物相容性,手术创伤小,能有效地恢复颈椎高度,融合率高,融合后稳定性好,神经功能改善优良率高。

颈椎前路减压高分子材料Solis颈椎间融合器植入术

目的观察颈椎前路减压Solis椎体间融合的临床效果.方法对35例颈椎疾病患者采用前路减压Solis植入,随访3～36个月,采用JOA评分法观察术后神经功能恢复,X线检查观察融合节段的融合时间,融合节段屈伸位Cobb角改变,椎间高度的改变情况.结果神经功能JOA评分法术后12个月优良率91.3%.影像学检查,所有病例手术节段均在3个月内融合,融合率100%,融合节段屈伸位Cobb角改变小于5°,手术节段椎间高度增加1～2 mm,术后最长36个月无椎间高度丢失.结论 Solis用于颈椎疾病的治疗融合率高,融合后稳定性好,神经功能改善优良率高,术后撑开椎间高度丢失低.

Solis椎间融合器植入治疗Ⅱ型及Ⅱa型Hangman骨折的手术配合

目的探讨在治疗Ⅱ型及Ⅱa型Hangman骨折中应用Solis椎间融合器植入的手术配合及护理方法。方法回顾性分析7例来该院治疗Hangman骨折的患者的手术配合方法及护理方法,其中包括器械及物品的准备、临床无菌操作技术、护理服务等,观察患者的术后疗效及恢复情况。结果所有来该院治疗Hangman骨折的患者手术进展都非常顺利,在手术前和手术中都没有因准备不充分或手术配合不当而导致手术失败的情况发生,合理恰当的护理方式使得所有患者术后的情况都很稳定。结论在Hangman骨折患者的手术过程中利用Solis椎间融合器植入配合手术中的操作以及术前和术后的护理服务能够保证整个手术高质量的完成。

Wet-spun poly(ionic liquid)-graphene hybrid fibers for high performance all-solid-state flexible supercapacitors

It is crucial to develop flexible and wearable electronic devices that have attracted tremendous interest due to their merits on compactness,flexibility and high capacitive properties.Herein we report the continuously ordered macroscopic poly(ionic liquid)-graphene fibers by wet spinning method via liquid crystal assembly for supercapacitor application.The fabricated all-solid-state supercapacitors exhibited a high areal capacitance(268.2 mF cm 2)and volumetric capacitance(204.6 F cm 3)with an outstanding areal energy density(9.31μWh cm-2)and volumetric energy density(8.28 mWh cm-3).The fiber supercapacitors demonstrated exceptional cycle life for straight electrodes of about 10,000 cycles(94.2%capacitance retention)and flexibility at different angles(0°,45°,90°,180°)along with a good flexible cycling stability after 6000 cycles(92.7%capacitance retention).To date,such a novel poly(ionic liquid)-graphene fiber supercapacitors would be a new platform in real-time flexible electronics.

Comprehensive utilization of solid waste resources: Development of wet shotcrete for mines

The development of solid waste resources as constituent materials for wet shotcrete has significant economic and environmental advantages. In this study, the concept of using tailings as aggregate and fly ash and slag powder as auxiliary cementitious material is proposed and experiments are carried out by response surface methodology(RSM). Multivariate nonlinear response models are constructed to investigate the effect of factors on the uniaxial compressive strength(UCS) of tailings wet shotcrete(TWSC). The UCS of TWSC is predicted and optimized by constructing Gaussian process regression(GPR) and genetic algorithm(GA). The UCS of TWSC is gradually enhanced with the increase of slag powder dosage and fineness modulus, and it is enhanced first and then decreased with the increase of fly ash dosage. The microstructure of TWSC has the highest gray value and the highest UCS when the fly ash dosage is about 120 kg·m^(-3). The GPR–GA model constructed in this study achieves high accuracy prediction and optimization of the UCS of TWSC under multi-factor conditions.

Effect of roughness on wettability and floatability:Based on wetting film drainage between bubbles and solid surfaces

Wetting film thinning measurement was introduced to clarify the wettability and floatability of solid surfaces with varying roughness. The wettability was quantified using the contact angle measurement combined with the dynamic force microbalance test between solid surfaces and water droplets, while the floatability was investigated by the bubble-solid surface dynamic attachment observation and the induction time measurement. The results show that the water contact angles reduce(14.53°, 12.74°, and 6.71°)with the increase of glass surface roughness, while the water droplet-glass adhesion forces intensify(11.1, 19.1 and 19.2 μN) owing to the stable wetting film. The distortion of the contact surface and the Wenzel state are the causes. In contrast, the hydrophobized surfaces have the growing apparent contact angles(38.08°, 69.81°, and 81.01°), declining adhesion strength and shortening induction time(863, 352and 12 ms) along with the increasing surface roughness. The weak wettability and fine floatability on the rough hydrophobized surface is reflected in the fast wetting film drainage dynamics and three-phase contact formation, which may be attributed to the wetting film with short diameter on tiny rough nubs and the entrapped air in the grooves as a bridge between the bulk bubble and the solid surface.

Effect of cyclic drying and wetting on engineering properties of heavy metal contaminated soils solidified/stabilized with fly ash

Solidification/stabilization （S/S） is one of the most effective methods of dealing with heavy metal contaminated soils. The effects of cyclic wetting and drying on solidified/stabilized contaminated soils were investigated. A series of test program, unconfined compressive strength （UCS） test, TCLP leaching test and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） test, were performed on lead and zinc contaminated soils solidified/stabilized by fly ash. Test results show that UCS and the leaching characteristics of heavy metal ions of S/S contaminated soils are significantly improved with the increase of fly ash content. UCS of S/S soils firstly increases with the increase of the times of drying and wetting cycles, after reaching the peak, it decreases with it. When the pollutant content is lower （1 000 mg/kg）, the TCLP concentration first slightly decreases under cyclic drying and wetting, then increases, but the change is minor. The TCLP concentration is higher under a high pollutant content of 5 000 mg/kg, and increases with the increase of the times of drying and wetting cycles. The results of scanning electron microscopy （SEM） test are consistent with UCS tests and TCLP leaching tests, which reveals the micro-mechanism of the variations of engineering properties of stabilized contaminated soils after drying and wetting cycles.

Mechanical wet-milling and subsequent consolidation of ultra-fine Al_2O_3-(ZrO_2+3%Y_2O_3) bioceramics by using high-frequency induction heat sintering

Alumina/zirconia composites were synthesized by wet-milling technique and rapid consolidation with high frequency induction heat sintering(HFIHS). The starting materials were a mixture of alumina micro-powder (80%, volume fraction) and 3YSZ nano-powders (20%). The mixtures were optimized for good sintering behaviors and mechanical properties. Nano-crystalline grains are obtained after 24 h milling. The nano-structured powder compacts are then processed to full density at different temperatures by HFIHS. Effects of temperature on the mechanical and microstructure properties were studied. Al2O3-3YSZ composites with higher mechanical properties and small grain size are successfully developed at relatively low temperatures through this technique.

Microscopic Approach of Adhesion and Wetting of Liquid Metal on Solid Ionocovalent Oxide Surface

The adhesion and wetting of non-reactive liquid metals with solid ionocovalent oxides are studied on the basis of the experimental work of adhesion W data obtained with the sessile drop method.An analysis of the experimental W values of different liquid metals on various solid oxides is first performed to evidence the de- pendence of the work of adhesion of a metal/oxide system on the electron density of the metal and on the thermodynamic stability of the oxide.An electronic model is then proposed to describe the microscopic mech- anism of metal-oxide interactions.Based on the model,the contact angle and the work of adhesion of different liquid metals on various solid oxides can be interpreted and estimated,and their correlations to the various physical quantities of the oxides can be easily deduced.The basic consideration of the model is that the adhe- sion between a metal and an oxide is assured by the electron transfer from the metal into the oxide valence band which is not completely filled of electrons at high temperatures,and is enhanced when this electron trans- fer at the metal/oxide interface is intensified.The influence of interface defects on the wetting and adhesion is suggested and discussed.

Importance of Liquid Metal－Solid Wetting in ModernMaterials Science and Technology

Wetting phenomenon occurring between liquid metals and solid materials is important in manytechnological processes involving a liquid phase. The fundamentals of wetting with the emphasis on metal-ce-ramic systems are briefly described and various technologically important processes are analysed in relationwith liquid metal-solid wetting.

Treatment of Wet FGD Wastewater by a Modified Chemical Precipitation Method Using a Solid Powder Reagent

This research focused on developing a modified chemical precipitation (MCP) method for treating wet flue gas desulfurization (FGD) waste water by adding a solid powder reagent directly. Simulated wet FGD wastewater was treated by MCP method in simulation experiments. Optimization experiments were carried out with the help of response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD) to evaluate the effects and the interactions of experimental variables, including reagent dosage, temperature and pH value. The optimal reagent dosage, temperature and pH value were 3018.0 mg/L, 40.5 °C and 5.7, respectively. The RSM was demonstrated as an appropriate approach for the optimization of wet FGD wastewater treatment with the MCP method. A comparative study between the MCP method and the traditional chemical precipitation (TCP) method on raw wet FGD wastewater treatment was conducted. Results indicate that the MCP had less reagent dosage and variety than the TCP method had. Thus, the MCP method had a lower cost. © 2017, Tianjin University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Asymmetric Drying and Wetting Trends in Eastern and Western China

As an important factor that directly affects agricultural production, the social economy, and policy implementation,observed changes in dry/wet conditions have become a matter of widespread concern. However, previous research has mainly focused on the long-term linear changes of dry/wet conditions, while the detection and evolution of the non-linear trends related to dry/wet changes have received less attention. The non-linear trends of the annual aridity index, obtained by the Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition(EEMD) method, reveal that changes in dry/wet conditions in China are asymmetric and can be characterized by contrasting features in both time and space in China. Spatially, most areas in western China have experienced transitions from drying to wetting, while opposite changes have occurred in most areas of eastern China. Temporally, the transitions occurred earlier in western China compared to eastern China. Research into the asymmetric spatial characteristics of dry/wet conditions compensates for the inadequacies of previous studies, which focused solely on temporal evolution;at the same time, it remedies the inadequacies of traditional research on linear trends over centennial timescales. Analyzing the non-linear trend also provides for a more comprehensive understanding of the drying/wetting changes in China.

Reservoir quality evaluation of the Narimba Formation in Bass Basin,Australia:Implications from petrophysical analysis,sedimentological features,capillary pressure and wetting fluid saturation

The evaluation of reservoir quality was accomplished on the Late Paleocene to Early Eocene Narimba Formation in Bass Basin,Australia.This study involved combination methods such as petrophysical analysis,petrography and sedimentological studies,reservoir quality and fluid flow units from derivative parameters,and capillary pressure and wetting fluid saturation relationship.Textural and diagenetic features are affecting the reservoir quality.Cementation,compaction,and presence of clay minerals such as kaolinite are found to reduce the quality while dissolution and secondary porosity are noticed to improve it.It is believed that the Narimba Formation is a potential reservoir with a wide range of porosity and permeability.Porosity ranges from 3.1%to 25.4%with a mean of 15.84%,while permeability ranges between 0.01 mD and 510 mD,with a mean of 31.05 mD.Based on the heterogenous lithology,the formation has been categorized into five groups based on permeability variations.Group I showed an excellent to good quality reservoir with coarse grains.The impacts of both textural and diagenetic features improve the reservoir and producing higher reservoir quality index(RQI)and flow zone indicators(FZI)as well as mostly mega pores.The non-wetting fluid migration has the higher possibility to flow in the formation while displacement pressure recorded as zero.Group II showed a fair quality reservoir with lower petrophysical properties in macro pores.The irreducible water saturation is increasing while the textural and digenetic properties are still enhancing the reservoir quality.Group III reflects lower quality reservoir with mostly macro pores and higher displacement pressure.It may indicate smaller grain size and increasing amount of cement and clay minerals.Group IV,and V are interpreted as a poor-quality reservoir that has lower RQI and FZI.The textural and digenetic features are negatively affecting the reservoir and are leading to smaller pore size and pore throat radii(r35)values to be within the range of macro,meso-,micro-,and nano pores.The capillary displacement pressure curves of the three groups show increases reaching the maximum value of 400 psia in group V.Agreement with the classification of permeability,r35 values,and pore type can be used in identifying the quality of reservoir.

Extended wet sieving method for determination of complete particle size distribution of general soils

The traditional standard wet sieving method uses steel sieves with aperture?0.063 mm and can only determine the particle size distribution(PSD)of gravel and sand in general soil.This paper extends the traditional method and presents an extended wet sieving method.The extended method uses both the steel sieves and the nylon filter cloth sieves.The apertures of the cloth sieves are smaller than 0.063 mm and equal 0.048 mm,0.038 mm,0.014 mm,0.012 mm,0.0063 mm,0.004 mm,0.003 mm,0.002 mm,and 0.001 mm,respectively.The extended method uses five steps to separate the general soil into many material sub-groups of gravel,sand,silt and clay with known particle size ranges.The complete PSD of the general soil is then calculated from the dry masses of the individual material sub-groups.The extended method is demonstrated with a general soil of completely decomposed granite(CDG)in Hong Kong,China.The silt and clay materials with different particle size ranges are further examined,checked and verified using stereomicroscopic observation,physical and chemical property tests.The results further confirm the correctness of the extended wet sieving method.

Development of Wet Shotcrete with Solid Waste as Aggregate:Strength Optimization and Mix Proportion Design

The super-fine particle size of tailings is its drawback as a recycled resource,which is reflected in the low strength of the new construction and industrial materials formed when it is mixed with cement and other cementitious materials.Therefore,it is crucial to study the effect of tailings particle size and cementitious material on the strength of tailings wet shotcrete(TWSC)and to investigate the optimal mix proportion.In this paper,a multivariate nonlinear response model was constructed by conducting central composite experiments to investigate the effect of different factors on the strength of TWSC.The strength prediction and mix proportion optimization of TWSC are carried out by machine learning techniques.The results show that the response model has R^(2)>0.94 and P<0.01,which indicates that the model has high reliability.Moreover,the strength of TWSC increases with the increase of tailings fineness modulus and decrease of water-binder ratio,while it also increases and then decreases with the increase of replacement rate of slag powder to cement(SRC rate).The extreme learning machine(ELM)constructed in this paper predicts the strength of TWSC with an accuracy of more than 98%and achieves rapid prediction under multi-factor conditions.It is worth mentioning that the ELM combined with the genetic algorithm(ELM-GA)collaboratively solved to obtain the mix proportion for C15 and C20 strength grades of TWSC and the maximum error is verified by experiments to be less than 2%.