Background: Cytokines are mediators of diseases. Expression levels in the blood could be of clinical relevance. Objective: sIL-2Rα is used as a marker for different malignancies in human medicine. The aim of this stu...Background: Cytokines are mediators of diseases. Expression levels in the blood could be of clinical relevance. Objective: sIL-2Rα is used as a marker for different malignancies in human medicine. The aim of this study was to show if sIL-2Rα is detectable and if there is any correlation to different diseases in dogs. Methods: For this purposes sIL-2Rα concentrations in the blood were measured in healthy dogs, in dogs with different non-neoplastic diseases and benign tumors and in dogs with malignant tumors. Serum levels of sIL-2Rα were measured by using a human specific enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Measurement of sIL-2Rα was successful in most of the samples. Dogs with diseases have significantly increased serum levels of sIL-2Rα compared to healthy controls. sIL-2Rα serum levels are higher in patients with non-neoplastic diseases and benign tumors than in those with malignant neoplasia. There is a strong correlation between sIL-2Rα and leukocyte count. Conclusion: Measurements of sIL-2Rα in serum may be helpful in detecting stages and grades of inflammation in the progression of disease. sIL-2Rα could actually not be used as an indicator for malignant diseases in dogs like in humans. The strong correlation between sIL-2Rα and the leukocyte count indicates the inflammatory response to the disease. This could be helpful in giving a prognosis in some cases, because the inflammatory reaction is of prognostic relevance in different diseases including malignant and non-malignant neoplasia. Although the results of our research studies were very promising, further studies should be performed with a canine ELISA.展开更多
Plasma levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) in patients with chronic active hepatitis B (CAHB) or severe hepatitis B (SHB) were measured quantitatively by 'sandwich' ELISA with monoclonal antibodi...Plasma levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) in patients with chronic active hepatitis B (CAHB) or severe hepatitis B (SHB) were measured quantitatively by 'sandwich' ELISA with monoclonal antibodies in order to explore the change of sIL-2R levels, its clinical significance,and its relation to liver damage. The results showed that the plasma sIL-2R levels in patients with CAHB and SHB were much higher than those in normal controls (P < 0. 01 ), and the level ofplasma sIL-2R in patients with SHB was greatly higher than that in patients with CAHB. These results suggest that there is close relation between plasma level of sIL-2R, the clinical types of hepatitis B,and the severity of liver damage. In addition, there is no significant difference in plasma levels of sIL-2R between acute severe hepatitis B (ASHB), subacute severe hepatitis B (SASHB), and chronic severe hepatitis B (CSHB). No relation was found between sIL-2R level and hepatitis B virusreplication activity.展开更多
Objective： To investigate the difference of peripheral blood sIL-2R before and after chemotherapy in breast cancer patients, and evaluate the clinical value of the sIL-2R in breast cancer＇s diagnosis and therapy. Me...Objective： To investigate the difference of peripheral blood sIL-2R before and after chemotherapy in breast cancer patients, and evaluate the clinical value of the sIL-2R in breast cancer＇s diagnosis and therapy. Methods： The peripheral blood sIL-2R levels of the breast cancer patients with or without chemotherapy were detected by ELISA. The healthy persons were made as the control group. Results： The sIL-2R levels of the breast cancer patients were higher than that of the control group（P（0.05）; the sIL-2R＇s levels in I^II stage breast cancer were lower than that in Ill^IV stage breast cancer （P（0.05）; the sIL-2R levels of the patients before chemotherapy were higher than that of the patients undergone chemotherapy（P（0.05）; The level of the patient with chemotherapy was still higher than that of the control group （P（0.05）; the sIL-2R levels of the patients whose chemotherapies were noneffective were higher than that of the patients received effective chemotherapies （P（0.05）. There was no significant difference between the group with ER（＋） or PR（＋） and the group with ER（-） or PR（-）（P〉0.05）. Conclusion： The breast cancer patients have the high sIL-2R levels. There is a close relationship between the cancer incidence and the patients, immune situation. The level of sIL-2R could be a clinical index which can be used for evaluating the cancer degree, because the higher levels of sIL-2R can indicate that the immune ability of patient is worse. There is a significant difference between the sIL-2R levels of the patients before chemotherapy and that of the patients undergone chemotherapy.展开更多
Objective： To assess if arachnoid cells have the capability to present antigen and activate T-lymphocytes after stimulation by bloody cerebrospinal fluid （CSF）, and to illuminate the mechanism of coagulation-initia...Objective： To assess if arachnoid cells have the capability to present antigen and activate T-lymphocytes after stimulation by bloody cerebrospinal fluid （CSF）, and to illuminate the mechanism of coagulation-initiated inflammation in the subarachnoid space after subarachnoid hemorrhage （SAH）. Methods： Arachnoid cells were cultured, characterized, and examined by immunofluorescence for the basal expression of human leukocyte antigen-DR （HLA-DR）, Expression of HLA-DR, after co-culturing arachnoid cells in vitro with bloody CSF, was investigated by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry （FCM）. The variation of arachnoid cells＇ ultrastructure was observed by transmission electron microscope （TEM）. Arachnoid cells were co-cultured with peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMCs）. The content of soluble interleukin-2 receptor （slL-2r） in culture medium was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Results： （1） Arachnoid cells were successfully cultured for many passages. The immunofluorescent staining was positive for HLA-DR in over 95% of the human arachnoid cells. The punctate HI_A-DR was distributed in cytoplasm and not in the karyon. （2） After co-culturing arachnoid cells in vitro with bloody CSF, numerous particles with strong fluorescence appeared in the cytoplasm on Day 6. On Day 8, the quantity of particles and fluorescent intensity were maximal. FCM showed that the percentage of HLA-DR expressing cells was （2.5＋_0.4）% at the first 5 d, increasing to （60.8＋_3.6）% on Day 7. （3） After co-culturing arachnoid cells in vitro with bloody CSF, many lysosome and secondary lysosome particles were present in the cytoplasm. Hyperplasia of rough endoplasmic re- ticulum and enlarged cysts were observed, with numerous phagocytizing vesicles also observed at the edge of the arachnoid cells. （4） Arachnoid cells stimulated by bloody CSF were co-cultured in vitro with PBMCs. The content of slL-2r in the culture medium, having been maintained at around 1.30 ng/ml during the first 3 d, had increased by Day 4. The content of slL-2r peaked 7.53 ng/ml on Day 7 and then reduced gradually. Conclusions： （1） Basic HLA-DR expression is present in arachnoid cells. （2） After stimulation by bloody CSF, arachnoid cells have the potential to serve as antigen presenting cells （APCs） and the ability to activate T-lymphocytes, indicating that arachnoid cells are involved in the mechanism of coagulation-initiated inflammation in the subarachnoid space after SAH.展开更多
文摘Background: Cytokines are mediators of diseases. Expression levels in the blood could be of clinical relevance. Objective: sIL-2Rα is used as a marker for different malignancies in human medicine. The aim of this study was to show if sIL-2Rα is detectable and if there is any correlation to different diseases in dogs. Methods: For this purposes sIL-2Rα concentrations in the blood were measured in healthy dogs, in dogs with different non-neoplastic diseases and benign tumors and in dogs with malignant tumors. Serum levels of sIL-2Rα were measured by using a human specific enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Measurement of sIL-2Rα was successful in most of the samples. Dogs with diseases have significantly increased serum levels of sIL-2Rα compared to healthy controls. sIL-2Rα serum levels are higher in patients with non-neoplastic diseases and benign tumors than in those with malignant neoplasia. There is a strong correlation between sIL-2Rα and leukocyte count. Conclusion: Measurements of sIL-2Rα in serum may be helpful in detecting stages and grades of inflammation in the progression of disease. sIL-2Rα could actually not be used as an indicator for malignant diseases in dogs like in humans. The strong correlation between sIL-2Rα and the leukocyte count indicates the inflammatory response to the disease. This could be helpful in giving a prognosis in some cases, because the inflammatory reaction is of prognostic relevance in different diseases including malignant and non-malignant neoplasia. Although the results of our research studies were very promising, further studies should be performed with a canine ELISA.
文摘Plasma levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) in patients with chronic active hepatitis B (CAHB) or severe hepatitis B (SHB) were measured quantitatively by 'sandwich' ELISA with monoclonal antibodies in order to explore the change of sIL-2R levels, its clinical significance,and its relation to liver damage. The results showed that the plasma sIL-2R levels in patients with CAHB and SHB were much higher than those in normal controls (P < 0. 01 ), and the level ofplasma sIL-2R in patients with SHB was greatly higher than that in patients with CAHB. These results suggest that there is close relation between plasma level of sIL-2R, the clinical types of hepatitis B,and the severity of liver damage. In addition, there is no significant difference in plasma levels of sIL-2R between acute severe hepatitis B (ASHB), subacute severe hepatitis B (SASHB), and chronic severe hepatitis B (CSHB). No relation was found between sIL-2R level and hepatitis B virusreplication activity.
文摘Objective： To investigate the difference of peripheral blood sIL-2R before and after chemotherapy in breast cancer patients, and evaluate the clinical value of the sIL-2R in breast cancer＇s diagnosis and therapy. Methods： The peripheral blood sIL-2R levels of the breast cancer patients with or without chemotherapy were detected by ELISA. The healthy persons were made as the control group. Results： The sIL-2R levels of the breast cancer patients were higher than that of the control group（P（0.05）; the sIL-2R＇s levels in I^II stage breast cancer were lower than that in Ill^IV stage breast cancer （P（0.05）; the sIL-2R levels of the patients before chemotherapy were higher than that of the patients undergone chemotherapy（P（0.05）; The level of the patient with chemotherapy was still higher than that of the control group （P（0.05）; the sIL-2R levels of the patients whose chemotherapies were noneffective were higher than that of the patients received effective chemotherapies （P（0.05）. There was no significant difference between the group with ER（＋） or PR（＋） and the group with ER（-） or PR（-）（P〉0.05）. Conclusion： The breast cancer patients have the high sIL-2R levels. There is a close relationship between the cancer incidence and the patients, immune situation. The level of sIL-2R could be a clinical index which can be used for evaluating the cancer degree, because the higher levels of sIL-2R can indicate that the immune ability of patient is worse. There is a significant difference between the sIL-2R levels of the patients before chemotherapy and that of the patients undergone chemotherapy.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30370497)the Science and Technology Research Program of Zhejiang Province,China (No. 2007-C-33039)
文摘Objective： To assess if arachnoid cells have the capability to present antigen and activate T-lymphocytes after stimulation by bloody cerebrospinal fluid （CSF）, and to illuminate the mechanism of coagulation-initiated inflammation in the subarachnoid space after subarachnoid hemorrhage （SAH）. Methods： Arachnoid cells were cultured, characterized, and examined by immunofluorescence for the basal expression of human leukocyte antigen-DR （HLA-DR）, Expression of HLA-DR, after co-culturing arachnoid cells in vitro with bloody CSF, was investigated by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry （FCM）. The variation of arachnoid cells＇ ultrastructure was observed by transmission electron microscope （TEM）. Arachnoid cells were co-cultured with peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMCs）. The content of soluble interleukin-2 receptor （slL-2r） in culture medium was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Results： （1） Arachnoid cells were successfully cultured for many passages. The immunofluorescent staining was positive for HLA-DR in over 95% of the human arachnoid cells. The punctate HI_A-DR was distributed in cytoplasm and not in the karyon. （2） After co-culturing arachnoid cells in vitro with bloody CSF, numerous particles with strong fluorescence appeared in the cytoplasm on Day 6. On Day 8, the quantity of particles and fluorescent intensity were maximal. FCM showed that the percentage of HLA-DR expressing cells was （2.5＋_0.4）% at the first 5 d, increasing to （60.8＋_3.6）% on Day 7. （3） After co-culturing arachnoid cells in vitro with bloody CSF, many lysosome and secondary lysosome particles were present in the cytoplasm. Hyperplasia of rough endoplasmic re- ticulum and enlarged cysts were observed, with numerous phagocytizing vesicles also observed at the edge of the arachnoid cells. （4） Arachnoid cells stimulated by bloody CSF were co-cultured in vitro with PBMCs. The content of slL-2r in the culture medium, having been maintained at around 1.30 ng/ml during the first 3 d, had increased by Day 4. The content of slL-2r peaked 7.53 ng/ml on Day 7 and then reduced gradually. Conclusions： （1） Basic HLA-DR expression is present in arachnoid cells. （2） After stimulation by bloody CSF, arachnoid cells have the potential to serve as antigen presenting cells （APCs） and the ability to activate T-lymphocytes, indicating that arachnoid cells are involved in the mechanism of coagulation-initiated inflammation in the subarachnoid space after SAH.
