BACKGROUND: Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1(TREM-1) is a cell surface receptor expressed on neutrophils and monocytes. TREM-1 acts to amplify infl ammation and serves as a critical mediator of infl am...BACKGROUND: Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1(TREM-1) is a cell surface receptor expressed on neutrophils and monocytes. TREM-1 acts to amplify infl ammation and serves as a critical mediator of infl ammatory response in the context of sepsis. To date, the predisposition of TREM-1 gene polymorphisms to septic shock has not been reported. This study was designed to investigate whether TREM-1 genomic variations are associated with the development of septic shock.METHODS: We genotyped two TREM-1 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs, rs2234237 and rs2234246) and evaluated the relationships between these SNPs and septic shock on susceptibility and prognosis.RESULTS: TREM-1 rs2234246 A allele in the promoter region was signifi cantly associated with the susceptibility of septic shock in recessive model(AA, OR=3.10, 95%CI 1.15 to 8.32, P=0.02), and in codominant model(AG, OR=0.72, 95%CI 0.43–1.19, P=0.02; AA, OR=2.71, 95%CI 1.00–7.42; P=0.03). However, in three inherited models(dominant model, recessive model, and codominant model), none of the assayed loci was signif icantly associated with the prognosis of septic shock. The nonsurvivor group demonstrated higher plasma IL-6 levels(99.7±34.7 pg/mL vs. 61.2±26.5 pg/mL, P<0.01) than the survivor group. Plasma concentrations of IL-6 among the three genotypes of rs2234246 were AA 99.4±48.9 pg/m L, AG 85.4±43 pg/m L, and GG 65.3±30.7 pg/m L(P<0.01). The plasma concentrations of IL-6 in patients with AA genotypes were signifi cantly higher than those in patients with GG genotypes(P<0.01).CONCLUSION: TREM-1 genetic polymorphisms rs2234246 may be significantly correlated only with susceptibility to septic shock in the Chinese Han population.展开更多
BACKGROUND：Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 （TREM-1） in the intestine was upregulated and correlated with disease activity in inflammatory bowel diseases. Membrane- bound TREM-1 protein is increased...BACKGROUND：Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 （TREM-1） in the intestine was upregulated and correlated with disease activity in inflammatory bowel diseases. Membrane- bound TREM-1 protein is increased in the pancreas, liver and kidneys of patients with severe acute pancreatitis （SAP）, suggesting that TREM-1 may act as an important mediator of inflammation and subsequent extra-pancreatic organ injury. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the expression of TREM-1 in intestinal tissue and intestinal barrier dysfunction in SAP. METHODS： Sixty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into a sham operation group （SO group, n=32） and a SAP group （n=32）. A SAP model was established by retrograde injection of 5% sodium deoxycholate into the bile-pancreatic duct. Specimens were taken from blood and intestinal tissue 2, 6, 12, and 48 hours after operation respectively. The levels of D-lactate, diamine oxidase （DAO） and endotoxin in serum were measured using an improved spectro-photometric method. The expression levels of TREM-1, interleukin-1β （IL-1β）, and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） mRNA in terminal ileum were detected by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）. Specimens of the distal ileum were taken to determine pathological changes by a validated histology score. The serum levels of D-lactate, DAO and endotoxin were significantly increased in each subgroup of SAP compared with the SO group （P〈0.01, P〈0.05）. The expression levels of TREM-1, IL-1β and TNF-a mRNA in the terminal ileum in each subgroup of SAP were significantly higher than those in the SO group （P〈0.01, P〈0.05）. The expression level of TREM-lmRNA was positively correlated with IL-1βand TNF-α mRNA （r=0.956, P=0.044; r=0.986, P=0.015）, but the correlation was not found between IL-1β mRNA and TNF-a mRNA （P=0.133）. Compared to the SO group, the pathological changes were aggravated significantly in the SAP group. CONCLUSIONS： The expression level of TREM-1 in intestinal tissue of rats with SAP was elevated, leading to the release of inflammatory mediators and intestinal mucosal injury. This finding indicates that TREM-I might play an important role in the development of intestinal barrier dysfunction in rats with SAP.展开更多
Background： Major abdominal surgery, including colorectal cancer （CRC） surgery, leads to systemic inflammatory response syndrome that can be detected and monitored with inflammatory markers testing. The aims of the...Background： Major abdominal surgery, including colorectal cancer （CRC） surgery, leads to systemic inflammatory response syndrome that can be detected and monitored with inflammatory markers testing. The aims of the study were to evaluate the usefulness of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-l （sTREM-1 ）, interleukin-6 （IL-6）, procalcitonin （PCT）, and C-reactive protein （CRP） in following the inflammatory response in CRC surgery and postoperative period, as well as to determine if duration of the surgery and the time that the colon has been opened during the surgery （open colon time [OCT]） refect a larger surgical stress through inflammatory markers rise. Methods： The study included 20 patients who underwent CRC surgery and 19 healthy volunteers from June 2011 to September 2012. We determined inflammatory markers 1 day before surgery （T0）, 24 h （T1）, 48 h （T2）, and 7 days after the surgery （T3）. All statistical analyses were calculated using MedCalc Statistical Software version 14.8.1 （MedCalc Software bvba, Ostend, Belgium）. Results： Concentrations ofCRP, PCT, and I L-6 in all measurement times were statistically different and sTREM- 1 did not yield statistical significance. A weak positive correlation was/bund between l L-6 in T 1 and T2 with the duration of the surgery （T 1 ： r= 0.4060, P 〈 0.0001 ; T2：r =0.3430, P〈0.0001）andOCT（T1：r= 0.3640, P〈0.0001,T2：r=0.3430, P〈0.0001）.AweakpositivecorrelationbetweenCRP in T2 and OCT （r = 0.4210, P 〈 0.0001 ） was also found. The interconnectivity of tested parameters showed a weak positive correlation between CRP and IL-6 in T1 （r= 0.3680; P 〈 0.0001 ）, moderate positive correlation in T2 （r = 0.6770; P 〈 0.0001）, and a strong positive correlation in T3 （r = 0.8651; P 〈 0.0001）. Conclusions： CRP, IL-6, and PCT were shown to be reliable for postoperative monitoring. Simultaneous determination of CRP and IL-6 might not be useful as they follow similar kinetics, sTREM- 1 might not be useful in CRC postoperative monitoring.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the expression of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1(TREM-1) in the aberrant inflammation within the corneal epithelium at early period of fungal infection.METHODS: A total of 65 Wist...AIM: To investigate the expression of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1(TREM-1) in the aberrant inflammation within the corneal epithelium at early period of fungal infection.METHODS: A total of 65 Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group, sham group and fungal keratitis(FK) group, in which the cornea was infected by Aspergillus fumigatus(A. fumigatus). After executed randomly at 8, 16, 24, 48 and 72 h after experimental model being established, the severity of keratomycosis in rats was scored visually with the aid of a dissecting microscope and slit lamp. Then corneas in three groups were collected to assess the expression of TREM-1through quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR), immunofluorescence technique and Western blot analysis. The correlation between FK inflammation and expression of TREM-1 was also analyzed.RESULTS: Corneal inflammation scores increased with time after fungal infection(F =49.74, P =0.000). The inflammation scores in FK group were obviously higher than those in sham group on the whole(F =137.78, P =0.000). Levels of TREM-1 in the infected rat corneal epithelium had elevated at 8h and peaked at 48h(P 【0.001,compared with control group). Western blot analysis also showed an obviously elevated TREM-1 level in rat corneal epithelium at 24 h and 48 h after fungal infection.Immunofluorescence technique showed that TREM-1mainly existed in corneal epithelium and infected corneal stoma of rat. TREM-1 protein expression was enhanced after fungal infection. Moreover, severity of FK inflammation was significantly related to TREM-1expression in FK(r =0.942, P =0.000).CONCLUSION: TREM-1 may contribute to amplify theinflammation in the cornea infected with A. fumigatus and play critical roles in the battle against A. fumigatus in the innate immune responses.展开更多
BACKGROUND Acute decompensation(AD)of cirrhosis is associated with high short-term mortality,mainly due to the development of acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF).Thus,there is a need for biomarkers for early and accu...BACKGROUND Acute decompensation(AD)of cirrhosis is associated with high short-term mortality,mainly due to the development of acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF).Thus,there is a need for biomarkers for early and accurate identification of AD patients with high risk of development of ACLF and mortality.Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1(sTREM-1)is released from activated innate immune cells and correlated with various inflammatory processes.AIM To explore the prognostic value of sTREM-1 in patients with AD of cirrhosis.METHODS A multicenter prospective cohort of 442 patients with cirrhosis hospitalized for AD was divided into a study cohort(n=309)and validation cohort(n=133).Demographic and clinical data were collected,and serum sTREM-1 was measured at admission.All enrolled patients were followed-up for at least 1 year.RESULTS In patients with AD and cirrhosis,serum sTREM-1 was an independent prognosis predictor for 1-year survival and correlated with liver,coagulation,cerebral and kidney failure.A new prognostic model of AD(P-AD)incorporating sTREM-1,blood urea nitrogen(BUN),total bilirubin(TBil),international normalized ratio(INR)and hepatic encephalopathy grades was established and performed better than the model for end-stage liver disease(MELD),MELD-sodium(MELD-Na),chronic liver failure-consortium(CLIF-C)ACLF and CLIF-C AD scores.Additionally,sTREM-1 was increased in ACLF and predicted the development of ACLF during first 28-d follow-up.The ACLF risk score incorporating serum sTREM-1,BUN,INR,TBil and aspartate aminotransferase levels was established and significantly superior to MELD,MELD-Na,CLIF-C ACLF,CLIF-C AD and P-AD in predicting risk of ACLF development.CONCLUSION Serum sTREM-1 is a promising prognostic biomarker for ACLF development and mortality in patients with AD of cirrhosis.展开更多
基金supported by Science&Technology Pillar Program of Guangdong Province(2009BAI86B03)
文摘BACKGROUND: Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1(TREM-1) is a cell surface receptor expressed on neutrophils and monocytes. TREM-1 acts to amplify infl ammation and serves as a critical mediator of infl ammatory response in the context of sepsis. To date, the predisposition of TREM-1 gene polymorphisms to septic shock has not been reported. This study was designed to investigate whether TREM-1 genomic variations are associated with the development of septic shock.METHODS: We genotyped two TREM-1 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs, rs2234237 and rs2234246) and evaluated the relationships between these SNPs and septic shock on susceptibility and prognosis.RESULTS: TREM-1 rs2234246 A allele in the promoter region was signifi cantly associated with the susceptibility of septic shock in recessive model(AA, OR=3.10, 95%CI 1.15 to 8.32, P=0.02), and in codominant model(AG, OR=0.72, 95%CI 0.43–1.19, P=0.02; AA, OR=2.71, 95%CI 1.00–7.42; P=0.03). However, in three inherited models(dominant model, recessive model, and codominant model), none of the assayed loci was signif icantly associated with the prognosis of septic shock. The nonsurvivor group demonstrated higher plasma IL-6 levels(99.7±34.7 pg/mL vs. 61.2±26.5 pg/mL, P<0.01) than the survivor group. Plasma concentrations of IL-6 among the three genotypes of rs2234246 were AA 99.4±48.9 pg/m L, AG 85.4±43 pg/m L, and GG 65.3±30.7 pg/m L(P<0.01). The plasma concentrations of IL-6 in patients with AA genotypes were signifi cantly higher than those in patients with GG genotypes(P<0.01).CONCLUSION: TREM-1 genetic polymorphisms rs2234246 may be significantly correlated only with susceptibility to septic shock in the Chinese Han population.
基金The study was supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （81070287）.
文摘BACKGROUND：Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 （TREM-1） in the intestine was upregulated and correlated with disease activity in inflammatory bowel diseases. Membrane- bound TREM-1 protein is increased in the pancreas, liver and kidneys of patients with severe acute pancreatitis （SAP）, suggesting that TREM-1 may act as an important mediator of inflammation and subsequent extra-pancreatic organ injury. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the expression of TREM-1 in intestinal tissue and intestinal barrier dysfunction in SAP. METHODS： Sixty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into a sham operation group （SO group, n=32） and a SAP group （n=32）. A SAP model was established by retrograde injection of 5% sodium deoxycholate into the bile-pancreatic duct. Specimens were taken from blood and intestinal tissue 2, 6, 12, and 48 hours after operation respectively. The levels of D-lactate, diamine oxidase （DAO） and endotoxin in serum were measured using an improved spectro-photometric method. The expression levels of TREM-1, interleukin-1β （IL-1β）, and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） mRNA in terminal ileum were detected by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）. Specimens of the distal ileum were taken to determine pathological changes by a validated histology score. The serum levels of D-lactate, DAO and endotoxin were significantly increased in each subgroup of SAP compared with the SO group （P〈0.01, P〈0.05）. The expression levels of TREM-1, IL-1β and TNF-a mRNA in the terminal ileum in each subgroup of SAP were significantly higher than those in the SO group （P〈0.01, P〈0.05）. The expression level of TREM-lmRNA was positively correlated with IL-1βand TNF-α mRNA （r=0.956, P=0.044; r=0.986, P=0.015）, but the correlation was not found between IL-1β mRNA and TNF-a mRNA （P=0.133）. Compared to the SO group, the pathological changes were aggravated significantly in the SAP group. CONCLUSIONS： The expression level of TREM-1 in intestinal tissue of rats with SAP was elevated, leading to the release of inflammatory mediators and intestinal mucosal injury. This finding indicates that TREM-I might play an important role in the development of intestinal barrier dysfunction in rats with SAP.
文摘Background： Major abdominal surgery, including colorectal cancer （CRC） surgery, leads to systemic inflammatory response syndrome that can be detected and monitored with inflammatory markers testing. The aims of the study were to evaluate the usefulness of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-l （sTREM-1 ）, interleukin-6 （IL-6）, procalcitonin （PCT）, and C-reactive protein （CRP） in following the inflammatory response in CRC surgery and postoperative period, as well as to determine if duration of the surgery and the time that the colon has been opened during the surgery （open colon time [OCT]） refect a larger surgical stress through inflammatory markers rise. Methods： The study included 20 patients who underwent CRC surgery and 19 healthy volunteers from June 2011 to September 2012. We determined inflammatory markers 1 day before surgery （T0）, 24 h （T1）, 48 h （T2）, and 7 days after the surgery （T3）. All statistical analyses were calculated using MedCalc Statistical Software version 14.8.1 （MedCalc Software bvba, Ostend, Belgium）. Results： Concentrations ofCRP, PCT, and I L-6 in all measurement times were statistically different and sTREM- 1 did not yield statistical significance. A weak positive correlation was/bund between l L-6 in T 1 and T2 with the duration of the surgery （T 1 ： r= 0.4060, P 〈 0.0001 ; T2：r =0.3430, P〈0.0001）andOCT（T1：r= 0.3640, P〈0.0001,T2：r=0.3430, P〈0.0001）.AweakpositivecorrelationbetweenCRP in T2 and OCT （r = 0.4210, P 〈 0.0001 ） was also found. The interconnectivity of tested parameters showed a weak positive correlation between CRP and IL-6 in T1 （r= 0.3680; P 〈 0.0001 ）, moderate positive correlation in T2 （r = 0.6770; P 〈 0.0001）, and a strong positive correlation in T3 （r = 0.8651; P 〈 0.0001）. Conclusions： CRP, IL-6, and PCT were shown to be reliable for postoperative monitoring. Simultaneous determination of CRP and IL-6 might not be useful as they follow similar kinetics, sTREM- 1 might not be useful in CRC postoperative monitoring.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81170825)
文摘AIM: To investigate the expression of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1(TREM-1) in the aberrant inflammation within the corneal epithelium at early period of fungal infection.METHODS: A total of 65 Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group, sham group and fungal keratitis(FK) group, in which the cornea was infected by Aspergillus fumigatus(A. fumigatus). After executed randomly at 8, 16, 24, 48 and 72 h after experimental model being established, the severity of keratomycosis in rats was scored visually with the aid of a dissecting microscope and slit lamp. Then corneas in three groups were collected to assess the expression of TREM-1through quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR), immunofluorescence technique and Western blot analysis. The correlation between FK inflammation and expression of TREM-1 was also analyzed.RESULTS: Corneal inflammation scores increased with time after fungal infection(F =49.74, P =0.000). The inflammation scores in FK group were obviously higher than those in sham group on the whole(F =137.78, P =0.000). Levels of TREM-1 in the infected rat corneal epithelium had elevated at 8h and peaked at 48h(P 【0.001,compared with control group). Western blot analysis also showed an obviously elevated TREM-1 level in rat corneal epithelium at 24 h and 48 h after fungal infection.Immunofluorescence technique showed that TREM-1mainly existed in corneal epithelium and infected corneal stoma of rat. TREM-1 protein expression was enhanced after fungal infection. Moreover, severity of FK inflammation was significantly related to TREM-1expression in FK(r =0.942, P =0.000).CONCLUSION: TREM-1 may contribute to amplify theinflammation in the cornea infected with A. fumigatus and play critical roles in the battle against A. fumigatus in the innate immune responses.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81970550,No.82070613 and No.82370638Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China,No.2021JJ31067 and No.2021JJ41048+1 种基金Hunan innovative province construction project,No.2023JJ10095Innovative Talented Project of Hunan province,China,No.2022RC1212.
文摘BACKGROUND Acute decompensation(AD)of cirrhosis is associated with high short-term mortality,mainly due to the development of acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF).Thus,there is a need for biomarkers for early and accurate identification of AD patients with high risk of development of ACLF and mortality.Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1(sTREM-1)is released from activated innate immune cells and correlated with various inflammatory processes.AIM To explore the prognostic value of sTREM-1 in patients with AD of cirrhosis.METHODS A multicenter prospective cohort of 442 patients with cirrhosis hospitalized for AD was divided into a study cohort(n=309)and validation cohort(n=133).Demographic and clinical data were collected,and serum sTREM-1 was measured at admission.All enrolled patients were followed-up for at least 1 year.RESULTS In patients with AD and cirrhosis,serum sTREM-1 was an independent prognosis predictor for 1-year survival and correlated with liver,coagulation,cerebral and kidney failure.A new prognostic model of AD(P-AD)incorporating sTREM-1,blood urea nitrogen(BUN),total bilirubin(TBil),international normalized ratio(INR)and hepatic encephalopathy grades was established and performed better than the model for end-stage liver disease(MELD),MELD-sodium(MELD-Na),chronic liver failure-consortium(CLIF-C)ACLF and CLIF-C AD scores.Additionally,sTREM-1 was increased in ACLF and predicted the development of ACLF during first 28-d follow-up.The ACLF risk score incorporating serum sTREM-1,BUN,INR,TBil and aspartate aminotransferase levels was established and significantly superior to MELD,MELD-Na,CLIF-C ACLF,CLIF-C AD and P-AD in predicting risk of ACLF development.CONCLUSION Serum sTREM-1 is a promising prognostic biomarker for ACLF development and mortality in patients with AD of cirrhosis.
