Primary focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis(FSGS) may be due to genetic or acquired etiologies and is a common cause of nephrotic syndrome with high morbidity that often leads to end-stage renal failure. The differ...Primary focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis(FSGS) may be due to genetic or acquired etiologies and is a common cause of nephrotic syndrome with high morbidity that often leads to end-stage renal failure. The different available therapeutic approaches are unsuccessful, in part due to partially deciphered heterogeneous and complex pathophysiological mechanisms. Moreover, the term FSGS, even in its primary form, comprises a histological description shared by a number of different causes with completely different molecular pathways of disease. This review focuses on the latest developments regarding the pathophysiology of primary acquired FSGS caused by soluble factor urokinase type plasminogen activator receptor, a circulating permeability factor involved in proteinuria and edema formation, and describes recent advances with potential success in therapy.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Urokinase-type plasminogen activator(uPA) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor(uPAR) are known as important factors,which mediate a variety of functions in terms of vascular homeostasis,inflamm...BACKGROUND:Urokinase-type plasminogen activator(uPA) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor(uPAR) are known as important factors,which mediate a variety of functions in terms of vascular homeostasis,inflammation and tissue repair.However,their role in systemic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS) has been less well studied.This study aimed to test the hypothesis that the abnormalities of fibrinolysis and degradation of extracellular matrix mediated by uPA and uPAR are directly related to the patients with SIRS.We therefore analyzed their role and clinicopathological significance in patients with SIRS.METHODS:A case-control study was conducted with 85 patients who were divided into two groups according to the diagnostic criteria of SIRS:SIRS group(n=50) and non-SIRS group(/7=35).The SIRS group was divided into MODS group(n=26) and non-MODS group(n=24) by their severity,and survival group(n=35) and non-survival group(n=15) by their prognosis.Another 30 healthy adults served as normal controls.uPA and uPAR in plasma were detected by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) kits.RESULTS:The plasma level of uPA was lower in the SIRS group than in the non-SIRS group and controls(P<0.001 and P<0.001).It was lower in sepsis patients and the MODS group than in the non-sepsis patients and the non-MODS patients(all P<0.05).However,there was no difference in uPA level between survivors and non-survivors(P>0.05).The plasma level of uPAR increased in the SIRS group compared with the non-SIRS group and controls(P<0.001 and P<0.001).There was a significant elevation of uPAR in sepsis patients,MODS patients and non-survivors as compared with non-sepsis patients,non-MODS patients and survivors respectively(all P<0.05).Plasma uPAR levels were positively correlated with APACHE Ⅱ score(r=0.575,P<0.001) and SOFA score(r=0.349,P=0.013).AUCs for the prediction of SIRS mortality were 0.67 and 0.51,respectively,for uPA and uPAR.CONCLUSION:uPAR could be a predictor of poor outcome in patients with SIRS.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the relationship between matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) mRNA expression and clinicopathologic and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) system parameter and prognosis in human gastric canc...AIM: To investigate the relationship between matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) mRNA expression and clinicopathologic and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) system parameter and prognosis in human gastric cancer.METHODS: Expression of MMP-2 mRNA, uPA, and uPA-R mRNA in tumor tissues and ≥5 cm adjacent normal tissues from 67 cases of gastric cancer was studied using RTPCR and Northern blot respectively. Survival analyses were done using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: The expression rates of MMP-2 mRNA, uPA and uPA-R mRNA in tumor tissues (31%, 41%, and 51%, respectively) were significantly higher than those in ≥5 cm adjacent tissues (19%, 11%, and 9%; χ2 = 4.59, 43.58, and 53.24 respectively, P<0.05, 0.0001, and 0.0001, respectively). Expression of MMP-2 mRNA was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (metastasis:61.9%, no metastasis: 39.1%, χ2= 7.61, P<0.05), Lauren's classification of diffuse/mixed types: 54.2%, intestinal type: 26.3%, χ2 = 4.25, P<0.05, expression of uPA and uPA-R mRNA (uPA+: 55.1%, uPA-: 22.2% and uPA-R+: 54.9%, uPA-R-: 18.8%, x2= 5.72 and 6.40 respectively, P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis of MMP-2 mRNA expression did not show significant difference in all 67 cases, but revealed an association of the expression of MMP-2 mRNA, uPA, and uPA-R mRNA with worse prognosis (P = 0.0083, 0.0160, and 0.0094, respectively). CONCLUSION: MMP-2 may play an important role in the development of invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer.展开更多
Aim: To investigate the gene expression changes of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA)/urokinase receptor (uPAR) in rat testes at postnatal stages and explore the effects of uPA/uPAR system on the rat spermatog...Aim: To investigate the gene expression changes of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA)/urokinase receptor (uPAR) in rat testes at postnatal stages and explore the effects of uPA/uPAR system on the rat spermatogenesis. Methods: The mRNAs of uPA and uPAR in rat testes were measured by using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) at postnatal days 0, 5, 10, 15, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49 and 56, respectively. Results: The tendencies of uPA and uPAR mRNA expression were similar at most postnatal stages except for Do. The expression of uPAR mRNA in rats testes was relatively higher than that of uPA at postnatal Do, and both were decreased until D21, increased obviously at postnatal D28, reached a peak at postnatal D35, then declined sharply at postnatal D42 and retained at a low level afterwards. Conclusion: The uPA/uPAR system may be strongly linked to spermiation and spermatogenesis via regulating germ cell migration and proliferation, as well as promoting the spermiation and detached residual bodies from the mature spermatids.展开更多
Objective.To investigate the effect of peroxis ome proliferator-activated recept ors(PPARs )activators on plasminogen activator inhibitor ty pe-1(PAI-1)expression in human umbilical vein e ndothelial cells and the pos...Objective.To investigate the effect of peroxis ome proliferator-activated recept ors(PPARs )activators on plasminogen activator inhibitor ty pe-1(PAI-1)expression in human umbilical vein e ndothelial cells and the possi-ble mechanism.Methods.Human umbilical vein endothelial ce lls(HUVECs )were obtained from normal fetus,and cul-tured conventionally.Then the HUVECs were exposed to test agents(linolenic acid,linoleic acid,oleic acid,stearic acid and prostaglandin J 2 respectively)in varying concentrations with fresh media.RT -PCR and ELISA were applied to determine the expression of PPARs and PAI-1in HUVECs.Results.PPARα,PPARδand PPARγmRNA were detected by using RT-PCR in HUVECs.Treatment of HUVECs with PPARαand PPARγactivators---linolenic acid,linoleic acid,oleic acid and prostaglandin J 2 respectively,but not with stearic a cid could augment PAI-I mRNA expression and protein secretion in a concentration-dependent manner.However,the mRNA expressions of 3subclasses of PPAR with their activators in HUVECs were not changed compared w ith controls.Conclusion.HUVECs express PPARs.PPARs activators may increase PAI-1expression in ECs,but the underlying mechanism remains uncle ar.Although PPARs expression was not enhanced after stimulated by their activators in ECs,the role of functionally active PPARs in regulating PA I-1expression in ECs needs to be further investigated by using transient gen e transfection assay.展开更多
AIM To investigate serum urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor(u PAR) and liver stiffness in biliary atresia(BA) and examine the correlation of circulating u PAR, liver stiffness, and clinical outcomes in post...AIM To investigate serum urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor(u PAR) and liver stiffness in biliary atresia(BA) and examine the correlation of circulating u PAR, liver stiffness, and clinical outcomes in postoperative BA children.METHODS Eighty-five post Kasai BA children and 24 control subjects were registered. Circulating u PAR was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent essay. Liver stiffness was analyzed using transient elastography.RESULTS BA children had significantly greater circulating u PAR andliver stiffness scores than control subjects(P < 0.001). Circulating u PAR and liver stiffness were substantially higher in jaundiced BA children than non-jaundiced BA children(P < 0.001). In addition, circulating u PAR was positively associated with serum aspartate aminotransferase(r = 0.507, P < 0.001), alanine aminotransferase(r = 0.364, P < 0.001), total bilirubin(r = 0.559, P < 0.001), alkaline phosphatase(r = 0.325, P < 0.001), and liver stiffness scores(r = 0.508, P < 0.001).CONCLUSION Circulating u PAR and liver stiffness values were greater in BA children than healthy controls. The increased circulating u PAR was associated with liver dysfunction in BA. As a consequence, serum u PAR and liver stiffness may be used as noninvasive biomarkers indicating the progression of liver fibrosis in post Kasai BA.展开更多
Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) plays a crucial role in the regulation of plasminogen activation, tumor cell adhesion and migration. The inhibition of uPA activity is a promising mechanism for anti-cancer...Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) plays a crucial role in the regulation of plasminogen activation, tumor cell adhesion and migration. The inhibition of uPA activity is a promising mechanism for anti-cancer therapy. Most current uPA inhibitors employ a highly basic group (either amidine or guanidine group) to target the S1 pocket of uPA active site, which leads to poor oral bioavailability. Here we study the possibility of using less basic 2-aminobenzothiazole (ABT) as S1 pocket binding group. We report the crystal structures of uPA complexes with ABT or 2-amino-benzothiazole-6-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (ABTCE). The inhibitory constants of these two inhibitors were measured by a chromogenic competitive assay, and it was found that ABTCE is a better inhibitor for uPA (Ki = 656 μM) than ABT (Ki = 5.03 mM). This work shows that 2-amniobenzothiazole can be used as P1 group which may have better oral bioavailability than the commonly used amidine or guanidine group. We also found the ethyl ester group occupies the characteristic oxyanion hole and contacts to uPA 37- and 60-loops. Such work provides structural information for further improvements of potency and selectivity of this new class of uPA inhibitor.展开更多
To detect the presence of endothelial injury in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) via enhanced levels of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and soluble thrombomodulin (sTM). Methods Ca...To detect the presence of endothelial injury in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) via enhanced levels of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and soluble thrombomodulin (sTM). Methods Case patients were from Xuanwu Hospital (Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China), and all of them met clinical criteria for SARS. Healthy controls were some of the hospital employees. Endothelial injury bio-markers tPA and sTM were detected by commercial ELISA-methods. Results Classic plasma markers of endothelial injury, tPA and sTM significantly elevated in SARS patients in comparison to controls [t-PA: 1.48±0.16 nmol/L versus 0.25±0.03 nmol/L (P〈0.0001), and sTM: 0.26±0.06 nmol/L versus 0.14±0.02 nmol/L (P〈0.05)]. The only patient who died had extremely high levels of these endothelial injury markers (t-PA: 2.77 nmol/L and sTM: 1.01 nmol/L). The likelihood ratio analysis indicated the excellent discriminating power for SARS at the optimal cut-point of 0.49 nmol/L for tPA and 0.20 nmol/L for sTM, respectively. Significant numerical correlations were found among these endothelial injury markers in SARS patients. The numerical coefficient of correlation Pearson r between t-PA and sTM was 0.5867 (P〈0.05). Conclusion Increased plasma concentrations of tPA and sTM in patients with SARS suggest the possibility of endothelial injury. SARS patients might need anticoagulant therapy or fibrinolytic therapy in order to reverse intraalveolar coagulation, microthrombi formation, alveolar and interstitial fibrin deposition. It may not only provide a useful treatment and prognostic index but also allow a further understanding of the pathological condition of the disease.展开更多
Objective To explore the role of urokinase-type plasminogen activator(uPA) in precontact sperm-egg communication and fertility of mice in vitro. Methods Firstly, sperm chemotaxis (SC) induced by uPA was assayed by...Objective To explore the role of urokinase-type plasminogen activator(uPA) in precontact sperm-egg communication and fertility of mice in vitro. Methods Firstly, sperm chemotaxis (SC) induced by uPA was assayed by measuring the sperm densities in capillaries with a descending gradient or no gradient of uPA respectively. Secondly, the role of uPAR that exists in sperm plasma membrane in SC was studied by examining the change of sperm density in capillary after incubating spermatozoa with anti-uPAR antibody. Thirdly, SC induced by eggs, which had been treated with uPA, PAl-1 and anti-uPAR beforehand respectively, was assayed to study the role of uPA in PSEC. Lastly, the fertilization capability of spermatozoa treated with uPA was examined by counting the number of fertilized eggs. Results 1)The density of spermatozoa that migrated down the gradient of uPA into the capillary was significantly lower than that into the capillary containing no-gradient uPA. 2) When uPAR of spermatozoa was inhibited by anti-uPAR antibody, the density of spermatozoa that migrated into the capillary with ascending gradient of uPA decreased correspondingly. 3) The density of spermatozoa attracted by eggs, which were treated with uPA beforehand, increased significantly than that of attracted by non-treated eggs. On the contrary, the sperm density decreased correspondingly when the egg was treated with PAI-1. 4) The number of fertilized eggs increased significantly after the spermatozoa used here was treated with uPA beforehand. Conclusion uPA could induce SC of mice sperm in vitro through the uPAR on its membrane, enhance the capability of egg inducing SC, and promote spermatozoa to fertilize eggs. Thus, uPA may act as an attractant in PSEC, increase the chance encounter of spermatozoa and eggs, therefore, enhance the fertility success correspondingly. This study, in some degree, provides an evidence that uPA may be used as a new medicine and diagnostic reagent for male infertility.展开更多
Objective To determine the mRNA and protein levels of urokinase plasminogen activator receptors(u PAR) in bone marrow fluid and bone marrow tissue from multiple myeloma(MM) patients and assess association of u PAR lev...Objective To determine the mRNA and protein levels of urokinase plasminogen activator receptors(u PAR) in bone marrow fluid and bone marrow tissue from multiple myeloma(MM) patients and assess association of u PAR level with prognosis of MM.Methods u PAR levels in bone marrow fluid of 22 MM patients at the stable and progressive stages and 18 iron deficiency anemia patients with normal bone marrow(control) were examined by ELISA.Furthermore,u PAR expression in bone marrow tissue was investigated by RT-PCR and Western blot,respectively.The distribution of u PAR in MM cells was examined using immunofluorescence staining.The pathological changes in different stages of MM patients were studied by HE staining.Results u PAR level in bone marrow fluid of MM patients(1.52±0.32 μg/ml) was found to be higher than that in the control group(0.98±0.15 μg/ml).Interestingly,u PAR protein(0.686±0.075 vs.0.372±0.043,P<0.05) and m RNA(2.51±0.46 vs.4.46±1.15,P<0.05) expression levels of MM patients at the progressive stage were significantly higher than those at the stable stage.The expression of u PAR in MM bone marrow was confirmed by immunofluorescence staining.Moreover,HE staining revealed a great increased number of nucleated cells and severe impairment of hematopoietic function in the bone marrow of patients with progressive-stage myeloma.Conclusion Our study reveals that u PAR expression is positively correlated with the development and progress of MM.展开更多
Objective: To study the expression and clinical significance of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) in breast cancer. Methods: Applying streptavidin-biotin complex (SABC) immunohistochemical technique, expressi...Objective: To study the expression and clinical significance of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) in breast cancer. Methods: Applying streptavidin-biotin complex (SABC) immunohistochemical technique, expression of uPA was studied in 100 patients with primary breast cancer. Results: There were 55 patients with high uPA expression, and 45 with lower expression. There was significant correlation between uPA expression and TNM stage, lymph node status, and the tumor size. Neither age, menopausal status, nor ER status was significantly related with level of uPA expression. The patients with high expression of uPA had significantly shorter disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) than did those with low expression of uPA. Univariate analysis showed that uPA as a prognostic factor was of similar magnitude to lymph node status and TNM stage, but stronger than that of ER status and tumor size. UPA was an independent prognostic factor affecting disease-free survival and overall survival. Conclusion: uPA appears to be a strong and independent biologic marker for predicting prognosis of breast cancer.展开更多
Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) is a trypsin-like serine protease and plays a key role in several biological processes, including tissue remodeling, cell migration, and matrix degradation. The inhibitors ...Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) is a trypsin-like serine protease and plays a key role in several biological processes, including tissue remodeling, cell migration, and matrix degradation. The inhibitors of uPA have been shown to prevent the spread of metastasis and tumor growth, and accordingly uPA is widely recognized as a target for the treatment of cancer. In this work, we report the crystal structures of the complexes of uPA with its inhibitors: 4- (aminomethyl)-benzoic acid (AMBA) and 4-(aminomethyl-phenyl)-methanol (AMPM), both at a resolution of 2.35 А. The inhibitory constants of these two inhibitors were measured by a chromogenic competitive assay, and it was found that AMBA is a better inhibitor for uPA (Ki = 2.68 mM) than AMPM (Ki = 13.99 mM). The structural study shows that the binding mode of inhibitor AMBA on uPA is similar to that of AMPM on uPA, both docked into the active site S1 pocket of uPA. Structural details of these complexes are provided to explain the difference of inhibitory constants.展开更多
文摘Primary focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis(FSGS) may be due to genetic or acquired etiologies and is a common cause of nephrotic syndrome with high morbidity that often leads to end-stage renal failure. The different available therapeutic approaches are unsuccessful, in part due to partially deciphered heterogeneous and complex pathophysiological mechanisms. Moreover, the term FSGS, even in its primary form, comprises a histological description shared by a number of different causes with completely different molecular pathways of disease. This review focuses on the latest developments regarding the pathophysiology of primary acquired FSGS caused by soluble factor urokinase type plasminogen activator receptor, a circulating permeability factor involved in proteinuria and edema formation, and describes recent advances with potential success in therapy.
文摘BACKGROUND:Urokinase-type plasminogen activator(uPA) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor(uPAR) are known as important factors,which mediate a variety of functions in terms of vascular homeostasis,inflammation and tissue repair.However,their role in systemic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS) has been less well studied.This study aimed to test the hypothesis that the abnormalities of fibrinolysis and degradation of extracellular matrix mediated by uPA and uPAR are directly related to the patients with SIRS.We therefore analyzed their role and clinicopathological significance in patients with SIRS.METHODS:A case-control study was conducted with 85 patients who were divided into two groups according to the diagnostic criteria of SIRS:SIRS group(n=50) and non-SIRS group(/7=35).The SIRS group was divided into MODS group(n=26) and non-MODS group(n=24) by their severity,and survival group(n=35) and non-survival group(n=15) by their prognosis.Another 30 healthy adults served as normal controls.uPA and uPAR in plasma were detected by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) kits.RESULTS:The plasma level of uPA was lower in the SIRS group than in the non-SIRS group and controls(P<0.001 and P<0.001).It was lower in sepsis patients and the MODS group than in the non-sepsis patients and the non-MODS patients(all P<0.05).However,there was no difference in uPA level between survivors and non-survivors(P>0.05).The plasma level of uPAR increased in the SIRS group compared with the non-SIRS group and controls(P<0.001 and P<0.001).There was a significant elevation of uPAR in sepsis patients,MODS patients and non-survivors as compared with non-sepsis patients,non-MODS patients and survivors respectively(all P<0.05).Plasma uPAR levels were positively correlated with APACHE Ⅱ score(r=0.575,P<0.001) and SOFA score(r=0.349,P=0.013).AUCs for the prediction of SIRS mortality were 0.67 and 0.51,respectively,for uPA and uPAR.CONCLUSION:uPAR could be a predictor of poor outcome in patients with SIRS.
文摘AIM: To investigate the relationship between matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) mRNA expression and clinicopathologic and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) system parameter and prognosis in human gastric cancer.METHODS: Expression of MMP-2 mRNA, uPA, and uPA-R mRNA in tumor tissues and ≥5 cm adjacent normal tissues from 67 cases of gastric cancer was studied using RTPCR and Northern blot respectively. Survival analyses were done using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: The expression rates of MMP-2 mRNA, uPA and uPA-R mRNA in tumor tissues (31%, 41%, and 51%, respectively) were significantly higher than those in ≥5 cm adjacent tissues (19%, 11%, and 9%; χ2 = 4.59, 43.58, and 53.24 respectively, P<0.05, 0.0001, and 0.0001, respectively). Expression of MMP-2 mRNA was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (metastasis:61.9%, no metastasis: 39.1%, χ2= 7.61, P<0.05), Lauren's classification of diffuse/mixed types: 54.2%, intestinal type: 26.3%, χ2 = 4.25, P<0.05, expression of uPA and uPA-R mRNA (uPA+: 55.1%, uPA-: 22.2% and uPA-R+: 54.9%, uPA-R-: 18.8%, x2= 5.72 and 6.40 respectively, P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis of MMP-2 mRNA expression did not show significant difference in all 67 cases, but revealed an association of the expression of MMP-2 mRNA, uPA, and uPA-R mRNA with worse prognosis (P = 0.0083, 0.0160, and 0.0094, respectively). CONCLUSION: MMP-2 may play an important role in the development of invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer.
文摘Aim: To investigate the gene expression changes of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA)/urokinase receptor (uPAR) in rat testes at postnatal stages and explore the effects of uPA/uPAR system on the rat spermatogenesis. Methods: The mRNAs of uPA and uPAR in rat testes were measured by using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) at postnatal days 0, 5, 10, 15, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49 and 56, respectively. Results: The tendencies of uPA and uPAR mRNA expression were similar at most postnatal stages except for Do. The expression of uPAR mRNA in rats testes was relatively higher than that of uPA at postnatal Do, and both were decreased until D21, increased obviously at postnatal D28, reached a peak at postnatal D35, then declined sharply at postnatal D42 and retained at a low level afterwards. Conclusion: The uPA/uPAR system may be strongly linked to spermiation and spermatogenesis via regulating germ cell migration and proliferation, as well as promoting the spermiation and detached residual bodies from the mature spermatids.
文摘Objective.To investigate the effect of peroxis ome proliferator-activated recept ors(PPARs )activators on plasminogen activator inhibitor ty pe-1(PAI-1)expression in human umbilical vein e ndothelial cells and the possi-ble mechanism.Methods.Human umbilical vein endothelial ce lls(HUVECs )were obtained from normal fetus,and cul-tured conventionally.Then the HUVECs were exposed to test agents(linolenic acid,linoleic acid,oleic acid,stearic acid and prostaglandin J 2 respectively)in varying concentrations with fresh media.RT -PCR and ELISA were applied to determine the expression of PPARs and PAI-1in HUVECs.Results.PPARα,PPARδand PPARγmRNA were detected by using RT-PCR in HUVECs.Treatment of HUVECs with PPARαand PPARγactivators---linolenic acid,linoleic acid,oleic acid and prostaglandin J 2 respectively,but not with stearic a cid could augment PAI-I mRNA expression and protein secretion in a concentration-dependent manner.However,the mRNA expressions of 3subclasses of PPAR with their activators in HUVECs were not changed compared w ith controls.Conclusion.HUVECs express PPARs.PPARs activators may increase PAI-1expression in ECs,but the underlying mechanism remains uncle ar.Although PPARs expression was not enhanced after stimulated by their activators in ECs,the role of functionally active PPARs in regulating PA I-1expression in ECs needs to be further investigated by using transient gen e transfection assay.
基金the Thailand Research Fund (RSA5880019)the Research Chair Grant from the National Science and Technology Development Agency+2 种基金the 100th Anniversary Chulalongkorn University Fund for Doctoral Scholarship to WUNational Research University Project, through the Ageing Cluster (NRU59056-AS)Chulalongkorn University
文摘AIM To investigate serum urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor(u PAR) and liver stiffness in biliary atresia(BA) and examine the correlation of circulating u PAR, liver stiffness, and clinical outcomes in postoperative BA children.METHODS Eighty-five post Kasai BA children and 24 control subjects were registered. Circulating u PAR was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent essay. Liver stiffness was analyzed using transient elastography.RESULTS BA children had significantly greater circulating u PAR andliver stiffness scores than control subjects(P < 0.001). Circulating u PAR and liver stiffness were substantially higher in jaundiced BA children than non-jaundiced BA children(P < 0.001). In addition, circulating u PAR was positively associated with serum aspartate aminotransferase(r = 0.507, P < 0.001), alanine aminotransferase(r = 0.364, P < 0.001), total bilirubin(r = 0.559, P < 0.001), alkaline phosphatase(r = 0.325, P < 0.001), and liver stiffness scores(r = 0.508, P < 0.001).CONCLUSION Circulating u PAR and liver stiffness values were greater in BA children than healthy controls. The increased circulating u PAR was associated with liver dysfunction in BA. As a consequence, serum u PAR and liver stiffness may be used as noninvasive biomarkers indicating the progression of liver fibrosis in post Kasai BA.
基金Supported by FJIRSM (SZD08003)National Natural Science Foundation of China (30811130467, 30625011)+1 种基金Ministry of Science of Technology (2006AA02A313, 2007CB914304)Chinese Academy of Sciences (KSCX2-YW-R-082)
文摘Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) plays a crucial role in the regulation of plasminogen activation, tumor cell adhesion and migration. The inhibition of uPA activity is a promising mechanism for anti-cancer therapy. Most current uPA inhibitors employ a highly basic group (either amidine or guanidine group) to target the S1 pocket of uPA active site, which leads to poor oral bioavailability. Here we study the possibility of using less basic 2-aminobenzothiazole (ABT) as S1 pocket binding group. We report the crystal structures of uPA complexes with ABT or 2-amino-benzothiazole-6-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (ABTCE). The inhibitory constants of these two inhibitors were measured by a chromogenic competitive assay, and it was found that ABTCE is a better inhibitor for uPA (Ki = 656 μM) than ABT (Ki = 5.03 mM). This work shows that 2-amniobenzothiazole can be used as P1 group which may have better oral bioavailability than the commonly used amidine or guanidine group. We also found the ethyl ester group occupies the characteristic oxyanion hole and contacts to uPA 37- and 60-loops. Such work provides structural information for further improvements of potency and selectivity of this new class of uPA inhibitor.
文摘To detect the presence of endothelial injury in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) via enhanced levels of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and soluble thrombomodulin (sTM). Methods Case patients were from Xuanwu Hospital (Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China), and all of them met clinical criteria for SARS. Healthy controls were some of the hospital employees. Endothelial injury bio-markers tPA and sTM were detected by commercial ELISA-methods. Results Classic plasma markers of endothelial injury, tPA and sTM significantly elevated in SARS patients in comparison to controls [t-PA: 1.48±0.16 nmol/L versus 0.25±0.03 nmol/L (P〈0.0001), and sTM: 0.26±0.06 nmol/L versus 0.14±0.02 nmol/L (P〈0.05)]. The only patient who died had extremely high levels of these endothelial injury markers (t-PA: 2.77 nmol/L and sTM: 1.01 nmol/L). The likelihood ratio analysis indicated the excellent discriminating power for SARS at the optimal cut-point of 0.49 nmol/L for tPA and 0.20 nmol/L for sTM, respectively. Significant numerical correlations were found among these endothelial injury markers in SARS patients. The numerical coefficient of correlation Pearson r between t-PA and sTM was 0.5867 (P〈0.05). Conclusion Increased plasma concentrations of tPA and sTM in patients with SARS suggest the possibility of endothelial injury. SARS patients might need anticoagulant therapy or fibrinolytic therapy in order to reverse intraalveolar coagulation, microthrombi formation, alveolar and interstitial fibrin deposition. It may not only provide a useful treatment and prognostic index but also allow a further understanding of the pathological condition of the disease.
基金This work is supported by a grant of the National "Tenth Five Years" Key Technologies R&D Programme,China(No.2004BA720A33-01).
文摘Objective To explore the role of urokinase-type plasminogen activator(uPA) in precontact sperm-egg communication and fertility of mice in vitro. Methods Firstly, sperm chemotaxis (SC) induced by uPA was assayed by measuring the sperm densities in capillaries with a descending gradient or no gradient of uPA respectively. Secondly, the role of uPAR that exists in sperm plasma membrane in SC was studied by examining the change of sperm density in capillary after incubating spermatozoa with anti-uPAR antibody. Thirdly, SC induced by eggs, which had been treated with uPA, PAl-1 and anti-uPAR beforehand respectively, was assayed to study the role of uPA in PSEC. Lastly, the fertilization capability of spermatozoa treated with uPA was examined by counting the number of fertilized eggs. Results 1)The density of spermatozoa that migrated down the gradient of uPA into the capillary was significantly lower than that into the capillary containing no-gradient uPA. 2) When uPAR of spermatozoa was inhibited by anti-uPAR antibody, the density of spermatozoa that migrated into the capillary with ascending gradient of uPA decreased correspondingly. 3) The density of spermatozoa attracted by eggs, which were treated with uPA beforehand, increased significantly than that of attracted by non-treated eggs. On the contrary, the sperm density decreased correspondingly when the egg was treated with PAI-1. 4) The number of fertilized eggs increased significantly after the spermatozoa used here was treated with uPA beforehand. Conclusion uPA could induce SC of mice sperm in vitro through the uPAR on its membrane, enhance the capability of egg inducing SC, and promote spermatozoa to fertilize eggs. Thus, uPA may act as an attractant in PSEC, increase the chance encounter of spermatozoa and eggs, therefore, enhance the fertility success correspondingly. This study, in some degree, provides an evidence that uPA may be used as a new medicine and diagnostic reagent for male infertility.
基金Supported by Huzhou Science and Technology Bureau and Huzhou Central Hospital(2014GYB14)
文摘Objective To determine the mRNA and protein levels of urokinase plasminogen activator receptors(u PAR) in bone marrow fluid and bone marrow tissue from multiple myeloma(MM) patients and assess association of u PAR level with prognosis of MM.Methods u PAR levels in bone marrow fluid of 22 MM patients at the stable and progressive stages and 18 iron deficiency anemia patients with normal bone marrow(control) were examined by ELISA.Furthermore,u PAR expression in bone marrow tissue was investigated by RT-PCR and Western blot,respectively.The distribution of u PAR in MM cells was examined using immunofluorescence staining.The pathological changes in different stages of MM patients were studied by HE staining.Results u PAR level in bone marrow fluid of MM patients(1.52±0.32 μg/ml) was found to be higher than that in the control group(0.98±0.15 μg/ml).Interestingly,u PAR protein(0.686±0.075 vs.0.372±0.043,P<0.05) and m RNA(2.51±0.46 vs.4.46±1.15,P<0.05) expression levels of MM patients at the progressive stage were significantly higher than those at the stable stage.The expression of u PAR in MM bone marrow was confirmed by immunofluorescence staining.Moreover,HE staining revealed a great increased number of nucleated cells and severe impairment of hematopoietic function in the bone marrow of patients with progressive-stage myeloma.Conclusion Our study reveals that u PAR expression is positively correlated with the development and progress of MM.
文摘Objective: To study the expression and clinical significance of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) in breast cancer. Methods: Applying streptavidin-biotin complex (SABC) immunohistochemical technique, expression of uPA was studied in 100 patients with primary breast cancer. Results: There were 55 patients with high uPA expression, and 45 with lower expression. There was significant correlation between uPA expression and TNM stage, lymph node status, and the tumor size. Neither age, menopausal status, nor ER status was significantly related with level of uPA expression. The patients with high expression of uPA had significantly shorter disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) than did those with low expression of uPA. Univariate analysis showed that uPA as a prognostic factor was of similar magnitude to lymph node status and TNM stage, but stronger than that of ER status and tumor size. UPA was an independent prognostic factor affecting disease-free survival and overall survival. Conclusion: uPA appears to be a strong and independent biologic marker for predicting prognosis of breast cancer.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30430190, 30625011)973 (2007CB914304)Young Talent Programme of Fujian Province (2007F3119)
文摘Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) is a trypsin-like serine protease and plays a key role in several biological processes, including tissue remodeling, cell migration, and matrix degradation. The inhibitors of uPA have been shown to prevent the spread of metastasis and tumor growth, and accordingly uPA is widely recognized as a target for the treatment of cancer. In this work, we report the crystal structures of the complexes of uPA with its inhibitors: 4- (aminomethyl)-benzoic acid (AMBA) and 4-(aminomethyl-phenyl)-methanol (AMPM), both at a resolution of 2.35 А. The inhibitory constants of these two inhibitors were measured by a chromogenic competitive assay, and it was found that AMBA is a better inhibitor for uPA (Ki = 2.68 mM) than AMPM (Ki = 13.99 mM). The structural study shows that the binding mode of inhibitor AMBA on uPA is similar to that of AMPM on uPA, both docked into the active site S1 pocket of uPA. Structural details of these complexes are provided to explain the difference of inhibitory constants.