BACKGROUND Metabolic reprogramming has been identified as a core hallmark of cancer.Solute carrier family 2 is a major glucose carrier family.It consists of 14 members,and we mainly study solute carrier family 2 membe...BACKGROUND Metabolic reprogramming has been identified as a core hallmark of cancer.Solute carrier family 2 is a major glucose carrier family.It consists of 14 members,and we mainly study solute carrier family 2 member 1(SLC2A1)and solute carrier family 2 member 2(SLC2A2)here.SLC2A1,mainly existing in human erythrocytes,brain endothelial cells,and normal placenta,was found to be increased in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),while SLC2A2,the major transporter of the normal liver,was decreased in HCC.AIM To identify if SLC2A1 and SLC2A2 were associated with immune infiltration in addition to participating in the metabolic reprogramming in HCC.METHODS The expression levels of SLC2A1 and SLC2A2 were tested in HepG2 cells,HepG215 cells,and multiple databases.The clinical characteristics and survival data of SLC2A1 and SLC2A2 were examined by multiple databases.The correlation between SLC2A1 and SLC2A2 was analyzed by multiple databases.The functions and pathways in which SLC2A1,SLC2A2,and frequently altered neighbor genes were involved were discussed in String.Immune infiltration levels and immune marker genes associated with SLC2A1 and SLC2A2 were discussed from multiple databases.RESULTS The expression level of SLC2A1 was up-regulated,but the expression level of SLC2A2 was down-regulated in HepG2 cells,HepG215 cells,and liver cancer patients.The expression levels of SLC2A1 and SLC2A2 were related to tumor volume,grade,and stage in HCC.Interestingly,the expression levels of SLC2A1 and SLC2A2 were negatively correlated.Further,high SLC2A1 expression and low SLC2A2 expression were linked to poor overall survival and relapse-free survival.SLC2A1,SLC2A2,and frequently altered neighbor genes played a major role in the occurrence and development of tumors.Notably,SLC2A1 was positively correlated with tumor immune infiltration,while SLC2A2 was negatively correlated with tumor immune infiltration.Particularly,SLC2A2 methylation was positively correlated with lymphocytes.CONCLUSION SLC2A1 and SLC2A2 are independent therapeutic targets for HCC,and they are quintessential marker molecules for predicting and regulating the number and status of immune cells in HCC.展开更多
背景:溶质载体家族1成员5(solute carrier family 1 member 5,SLC1A5)在多种疾病中发挥了潜在作用,但确切作用机制尚不清楚。构建稳定的SLC1A5过表达和敲低细胞模型可为深入研究SLC1A5在疾病中的确切作用机制以及发现潜在治疗靶点提供...背景:溶质载体家族1成员5(solute carrier family 1 member 5,SLC1A5)在多种疾病中发挥了潜在作用,但确切作用机制尚不清楚。构建稳定的SLC1A5过表达和敲低细胞模型可为深入研究SLC1A5在疾病中的确切作用机制以及发现潜在治疗靶点提供有力的实验工具。目的:构建小鼠SLC1A5过表达和敲低的慢病毒载体,以建立稳定转染的RAW264.7细胞株,为深入探讨SLC1A5在炎症中的作用提供实验基础。方法:根据SLC1A5基因序列设计合成引物并使用聚合酶链反应扩增该基因片段。将目的基因定向接入经Age I/Nhe I酶切的载体质粒GV492中构建重组慢病毒质粒,对阳性克隆进一步筛选后测序比对结果;pHelper1.0质粒载体、pHelper2.0质粒载体、目的质粒载体与293T细胞共同培养并转染,获得慢病毒原液进行包装和滴度测定;在此基础上,通过体外培养RAW264.7细胞,确定嘌呤霉素工作质量浓度;不同滴度的慢病毒分别与RAW264.7细胞共同培养,根据荧光强度确定转染效率;用嘌呤霉素挑选出稳定转染细胞,实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应和蛋白免疫印迹方法检测稳定转染细胞株的SLC1A5基因和蛋白表达水平。结果与结论:(1)测序序列与目的序列一致提示重组慢病毒载体构建成功;(2)过表达SLC1A5慢病毒的滴度为1×10~9 TU/mL,敲低SLC1A5慢病毒的滴度为3×10~9 TU/mL;(3)确定RAW264.7细胞嘌呤霉素工作质量浓度为3μg/mL;(4)过表达/敲低SLC1A5慢病毒转染RAW264.7细胞的最佳条件皆为HiTransG P转染增强液且感染复数值等于50;(5)过表达SLC1A5稳转细胞株中SLC1A5基因和蛋白的表达量明显上调,而敲低SLC1A5稳转细胞株中SLC1A5基因和蛋白的表达量显著下调。结果表明,成功构建了小鼠SLC1A5过表达和敲低的慢病毒载体并获得稳定转染的RAW264.7细胞株。展开更多
目的:检测先天性双侧输精管缺如(congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens,CBAVD)患者中囊性纤维化跨膜转导调节因子(cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator,CFTR)基因和CBAVD易感基因的突变情况,探讨它们与CB...目的:检测先天性双侧输精管缺如(congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens,CBAVD)患者中囊性纤维化跨膜转导调节因子(cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator,CFTR)基因和CBAVD易感基因的突变情况,探讨它们与CBAVD发病风险的相关性。方法:对13例诊断为孤立发生的CBAVD患者的致病基因CFTR及易感基因黏附型G蛋白偶联受体G2(adhesion G protein-coupled receptor G2,ADGRG2)、上皮细胞钠离子通道β亚单位(sodium channel epithelial 1 subunit beta,SCNN1B)和碳酸酐酶12(carbonic anhydrase,CA12)和溶质载体家族9成员3(solute carrier family 9 member A3,SLC9A3)行全外显子测序及Sanger测序验证,针对CFTR基因多态性位点、内含子及侧翼序列行聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)扩增后用Sanger测序,并运用生物信息学方法对CBAVD易感基因新发突变进行保守性分析和有害性预测。对13例CBAVD患者中1例患者的家系进行遗传学分析,评估子代遗传风险。结果:外显子测序发现13例CBAVD患者中,只有6例患者检测到CFTR基因外显子突变,有6种错义突变:c.2684G>A(p.Ser895Asn)、c.4056G>C(p.Gln1352His)、c.2812G>T(p.Val938Leu)、c.3068T>G(p.Ile1023Arg)、c.374T>C(p.Ile125Thr)、c.1666A>G(p.Ile556Val),1种无义突变:c.1657C>T(p.Arg553Ter),这6例患者中有2例患者同时还存在CFTR的纯合p.V470位点,另外7例患者未检测出CFTR基因外显子区域的突变。13例CBAVD患者中,3例患者携带纯合p.V470的多态性位点,4例患者携带5T等位基因,2例患者携带TG13等位基因,10例患者携带c.-966T>G位点。4例CBAVD患者同时携带以上CFTR基因突变位点中的2~3个位点。13例患者中CBAVD易感基因突变情况:1种ADGRG2错义突变c.2312A>G(p.Asn771Ser),2种SLC9A3错义突变c.2395T>C(p.Cys799Arg)、c.493G>A(p.Val165Ile),1种SCNN1B错义突变c.1514G>A(p.Arg505His)和1种CA12错义突变c.1061C>T(p.Ala354Val),其中,SLC9A3基因的c.493G>A(p.Val165Ile)突变位点是首次在CBAVD患者中被发现,以上5种突变位点在gnomAD数据库中的人群变异频率极低,属于罕见突变,用Mutation Taster和Polyphen-2软件预测显示SLC9A3基因的c.493G>A(p.Val165Ile)位点和SCNN1B基因的c.1514G>A(p.Arg505His)位点的有害性等级为致病突变。1例家系遗传分析发现,先证者的c.1657C>T(p.Arg553Ter)突变为新生突变,先证者父亲、母亲均未携带该突变,先证者及其配偶通过辅助生殖技术孕育1女婴,该女婴遗传了先证者的致病性突变c.1657C>T(p.Arg553Ter)。结论:CFTR基因突变仍然是中国CBAVD患者的主要致病原因,但突变的分布与频率与国内外其他研究的数据存在一定差异,需要进一步扩充中国CBAVD患者的CFTR突变谱;ADGRG2、SLC9A3、SCNN1B和CA12易感基因可能解释部分无CFTR突变的CBAVD病例;CBAVD患者多无特殊临床表现,建议临床医生确诊前对患者行进一步的体格检查,并结合其阴囊超声或经直肠超声检查;建议将CFTR基因突变检测应用于辅助生殖前的遗传学筛查,降低子代罹患CBAVD及囊性纤维化的风险。展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81873112Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,No.H2020423009+2 种基金Hundred Outstanding Innovative Talents Support Program of Universities in Hebei Province,No.SLRC2019043Basic Scientific Research Project of Hebei Provincial Colleges and Universities,No.JTZ2020005Scientific and Technological Capability Improvement Project of the Hebei University of Chinese Medicine,No.KTZ2019002.
文摘BACKGROUND Metabolic reprogramming has been identified as a core hallmark of cancer.Solute carrier family 2 is a major glucose carrier family.It consists of 14 members,and we mainly study solute carrier family 2 member 1(SLC2A1)and solute carrier family 2 member 2(SLC2A2)here.SLC2A1,mainly existing in human erythrocytes,brain endothelial cells,and normal placenta,was found to be increased in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),while SLC2A2,the major transporter of the normal liver,was decreased in HCC.AIM To identify if SLC2A1 and SLC2A2 were associated with immune infiltration in addition to participating in the metabolic reprogramming in HCC.METHODS The expression levels of SLC2A1 and SLC2A2 were tested in HepG2 cells,HepG215 cells,and multiple databases.The clinical characteristics and survival data of SLC2A1 and SLC2A2 were examined by multiple databases.The correlation between SLC2A1 and SLC2A2 was analyzed by multiple databases.The functions and pathways in which SLC2A1,SLC2A2,and frequently altered neighbor genes were involved were discussed in String.Immune infiltration levels and immune marker genes associated with SLC2A1 and SLC2A2 were discussed from multiple databases.RESULTS The expression level of SLC2A1 was up-regulated,but the expression level of SLC2A2 was down-regulated in HepG2 cells,HepG215 cells,and liver cancer patients.The expression levels of SLC2A1 and SLC2A2 were related to tumor volume,grade,and stage in HCC.Interestingly,the expression levels of SLC2A1 and SLC2A2 were negatively correlated.Further,high SLC2A1 expression and low SLC2A2 expression were linked to poor overall survival and relapse-free survival.SLC2A1,SLC2A2,and frequently altered neighbor genes played a major role in the occurrence and development of tumors.Notably,SLC2A1 was positively correlated with tumor immune infiltration,while SLC2A2 was negatively correlated with tumor immune infiltration.Particularly,SLC2A2 methylation was positively correlated with lymphocytes.CONCLUSION SLC2A1 and SLC2A2 are independent therapeutic targets for HCC,and they are quintessential marker molecules for predicting and regulating the number and status of immune cells in HCC.
文摘目的:检测先天性双侧输精管缺如(congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens,CBAVD)患者中囊性纤维化跨膜转导调节因子(cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator,CFTR)基因和CBAVD易感基因的突变情况,探讨它们与CBAVD发病风险的相关性。方法:对13例诊断为孤立发生的CBAVD患者的致病基因CFTR及易感基因黏附型G蛋白偶联受体G2(adhesion G protein-coupled receptor G2,ADGRG2)、上皮细胞钠离子通道β亚单位(sodium channel epithelial 1 subunit beta,SCNN1B)和碳酸酐酶12(carbonic anhydrase,CA12)和溶质载体家族9成员3(solute carrier family 9 member A3,SLC9A3)行全外显子测序及Sanger测序验证,针对CFTR基因多态性位点、内含子及侧翼序列行聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)扩增后用Sanger测序,并运用生物信息学方法对CBAVD易感基因新发突变进行保守性分析和有害性预测。对13例CBAVD患者中1例患者的家系进行遗传学分析,评估子代遗传风险。结果:外显子测序发现13例CBAVD患者中,只有6例患者检测到CFTR基因外显子突变,有6种错义突变:c.2684G>A(p.Ser895Asn)、c.4056G>C(p.Gln1352His)、c.2812G>T(p.Val938Leu)、c.3068T>G(p.Ile1023Arg)、c.374T>C(p.Ile125Thr)、c.1666A>G(p.Ile556Val),1种无义突变:c.1657C>T(p.Arg553Ter),这6例患者中有2例患者同时还存在CFTR的纯合p.V470位点,另外7例患者未检测出CFTR基因外显子区域的突变。13例CBAVD患者中,3例患者携带纯合p.V470的多态性位点,4例患者携带5T等位基因,2例患者携带TG13等位基因,10例患者携带c.-966T>G位点。4例CBAVD患者同时携带以上CFTR基因突变位点中的2~3个位点。13例患者中CBAVD易感基因突变情况:1种ADGRG2错义突变c.2312A>G(p.Asn771Ser),2种SLC9A3错义突变c.2395T>C(p.Cys799Arg)、c.493G>A(p.Val165Ile),1种SCNN1B错义突变c.1514G>A(p.Arg505His)和1种CA12错义突变c.1061C>T(p.Ala354Val),其中,SLC9A3基因的c.493G>A(p.Val165Ile)突变位点是首次在CBAVD患者中被发现,以上5种突变位点在gnomAD数据库中的人群变异频率极低,属于罕见突变,用Mutation Taster和Polyphen-2软件预测显示SLC9A3基因的c.493G>A(p.Val165Ile)位点和SCNN1B基因的c.1514G>A(p.Arg505His)位点的有害性等级为致病突变。1例家系遗传分析发现,先证者的c.1657C>T(p.Arg553Ter)突变为新生突变,先证者父亲、母亲均未携带该突变,先证者及其配偶通过辅助生殖技术孕育1女婴,该女婴遗传了先证者的致病性突变c.1657C>T(p.Arg553Ter)。结论:CFTR基因突变仍然是中国CBAVD患者的主要致病原因,但突变的分布与频率与国内外其他研究的数据存在一定差异,需要进一步扩充中国CBAVD患者的CFTR突变谱;ADGRG2、SLC9A3、SCNN1B和CA12易感基因可能解释部分无CFTR突变的CBAVD病例;CBAVD患者多无特殊临床表现,建议临床医生确诊前对患者行进一步的体格检查,并结合其阴囊超声或经直肠超声检查;建议将CFTR基因突变检测应用于辅助生殖前的遗传学筛查,降低子代罹患CBAVD及囊性纤维化的风险。
文摘目的 利用生物信息学方法预测分析铁死亡相关蛋白SLC7A11的理化、结构及抗原表位等性质并检测SLC7A11与GPX4在热射病(heat stroke,HS)大鼠心肌组织及H9C2心肌细胞中的表达水平,为临床中热射病的治疗提供新的潜在靶点。方法 利用多种工具预测分析SLC7A11蛋白的基本理化性质、信号肽跨膜区和跨膜结构域、蛋白质翻译后的磷酸化位点和N-糖基化位点、二级结构和三级结构、SLC7A11的抗原决定簇及与其相互作用的蛋白。体内实验分为对照组(n=6)、HS组(n=6),体外实验分为对照组、铁死亡抑制剂(Liproxstatin-1)组、HS组和HS+Liproxstatin-1组。利用Western blot和RT-qPCR检测大鼠心肌组织与H9C2心肌细胞中SLC7A11、GPX4 m RNA和蛋白水平。结果 SLC7A11为稳定疏水性蛋白,预测在第29~30位氨基酸存在信号肽,并含12个跨膜螺旋结构;SLC7A11存在40个磷酸化位点、12个N-糖基化位点;SLC7A11蛋白的二、三级结构主要由α螺旋、β-折叠及无规卷曲构成;SLC7A11含有15个抗原决定簇区域;SLC7A11可与GPX4等蛋白相互作用;与对照组比较,HS组大鼠心肌组织中SLC7A11(P<0.05)和GPX4(P<0.01)mRNA和蛋白质表达均降低;Liproxstatin-1组与对照组H9C2心肌细胞中SLC7A11和GPX4 m RNA和蛋白水平比较差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05),HS组SLC7A11与GPX4 m RNA和蛋白水平降低(P均<0.01);与HS组相比,HS+Liproxstatin-1组SLC7A11(P<0.05)和GPX4(P<0.01)m RNA和蛋白水平均有所改善。结论 SLC7A11为疏水性跨膜蛋白,存在大量磷酸化和N-糖基化位点,并含有15个抗原决定簇。HS大鼠心肌组织与高温干预的H9C2心肌细胞中铁死亡相关蛋白SLC7A11与GPX4表达减少,在细胞水平加入铁死亡抑制剂Liproxstatin-1后,SLC7A11与GPX4表达得到改善。
