Nitro aromatic compound can be obtained in high yields via nitration of aromatic compound with wet carbon-based solid acid and NaNO_3 under solvent free oxidation at room temperature.
Copper-catalyzed synthesis of N-aryl anthranilic acid derivatives using effective amination of 2-chloro and 2-bromobenzoic acid under microwave irradiation is reported. Some of the advantages of this method are high c...Copper-catalyzed synthesis of N-aryl anthranilic acid derivatives using effective amination of 2-chloro and 2-bromobenzoic acid under microwave irradiation is reported. Some of the advantages of this method are high chemoselectivity, short reaction times, ease of work up procedure and elimination of the need for acid protection. 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society.展开更多
The toluene oxidative bromination reaction catalyzed by hollow titanium silicalite(HTS)zeolite in aqueous medium was investigated by employing H2O2 and HBr under mild conditions without the need for organic solvent.A ...The toluene oxidative bromination reaction catalyzed by hollow titanium silicalite(HTS)zeolite in aqueous medium was investigated by employing H2O2 and HBr under mild conditions without the need for organic solvent.A high toluene conversion(90.7%)and high selectivity of mono-bromotoluene(99.0%)was achieved under the optimal reaction conditions.The UV-Raman spectroscopy was applied for the mechanism study and the result reveals that HTS is efficient for catalyzing the oxidation reaction of HBr with H2O2 to produce abundant active bromine species,which can further facilitate the toluene electrophilic bromination reaction.A two-step toluene bromination reaction mechanism involving the HTS catalyzed active bromine species“generation-conversion-utilization”process is proposed based on the UV-Raman spectroscopy analysis.展开更多
Zinc chloride is an efficient and safe catalyst in the [3 ＋ 2] cycloaddition reaction of organic nitriles with sodium azide in solventless condition. The corresponding 5-substituted ^1H tetrazoles were obtained under...Zinc chloride is an efficient and safe catalyst in the [3 ＋ 2] cycloaddition reaction of organic nitriles with sodium azide in solventless condition. The corresponding 5-substituted ^1H tetrazoles were obtained under mild conditions. This method can overcome disadvantages such as： the use of toxic metals and expensive reagents, drastic reaction conditions, water sensitivity and the presence of dangerous hydrazoic acid.展开更多
The microscopic moleeular theory for electron transfer in a model solvent ishahr developed. The nonlinear response of the solvent molecules is be computedquanitatively in a new way. Adopting computer simulation daa an...The microscopic moleeular theory for electron transfer in a model solvent ishahr developed. The nonlinear response of the solvent molecules is be computedquanitatively in a new way. Adopting computer simulation daa and choosingappropriate reaction coordinae, a reasonable free energy dinram is constructed and thercorganhaion energy for the product state is calculated.展开更多
Secondary amine based ionic liquid and defective Keggin type heteropoly acid (HPA) are separately used for efficient one-pot four-component synthesis of 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted imidazoles assisted by microwave (MW). ...Secondary amine based ionic liquid and defective Keggin type heteropoly acid (HPA) are separately used for efficient one-pot four-component synthesis of 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted imidazoles assisted by microwave (MW). Eco-friendly solvent free procedure, short reaction time, high yield of products and reusability of catalysts are important features of the synthesis. A comparative study on the efficiency of the two catalysts is reported. This work further demonstrates the alternate use of urea, instead of often used ammonium acetate, as source of nitrogen.展开更多
Montmorillonite K10 catalyzed synthesis of 2,4,6 triaryl pyridine under solvent free condition is described. Montmorillonite effectively catalyzed the reaction in good to excellent yields. Using this solid catalyst, t...Montmorillonite K10 catalyzed synthesis of 2,4,6 triaryl pyridine under solvent free condition is described. Montmorillonite effectively catalyzed the reaction in good to excellent yields. Using this solid catalyst, the reactions could be carried out in a short period of time with very good yield of triaryl pyridines, up to 97% under solvent free condition. This catalyst could be recycled very easily, which makes this methodology environmentally benign. The catalyst is active over three cycles.展开更多
The symmetric oxidative coupling reactions of 2-naphthol derivatives with both ferric hydrogensulfate in water and silica ferric hydrogensulfate in solvent free conditions were carried out. The advantages of this gree...The symmetric oxidative coupling reactions of 2-naphthol derivatives with both ferric hydrogensulfate in water and silica ferric hydrogensulfate in solvent free conditions were carried out. The advantages of this green procedure are inexpensive catalyst or cocatalyst, reusability of catalyst, organic solvent-free procedures and simple workup.展开更多
A new Bronsted acidic ionic liquid, L-Pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid sulfate (LPCAS) was employed to promote one-pot synthesis of 14-aryl-14H-dibenzo [a,j] xanthenes via condensation reaction of aldehydes and 2-naphtho...A new Bronsted acidic ionic liquid, L-Pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid sulfate (LPCAS) was employed to promote one-pot synthesis of 14-aryl-14H-dibenzo [a,j] xanthenes via condensation reaction of aldehydes and 2-naphthol under solvent free condition. Distinguishing features of the methodology are excellent yield of products in shorter reaction time, cleaner reaction profile, eco-friendly nature and the use of inexpensive catalyst.展开更多
An improved solvent free microwave extraction, in which a kind of microwave absorption medium （carbonyl iron powder） was used, was applied to the extraction of essential oil from dried menthol mint and orange peel w...An improved solvent free microwave extraction, in which a kind of microwave absorption medium （carbonyl iron powder） was used, was applied to the extraction of essential oil from dried menthol mint and orange peel without addition of any solvent and pretreatment. It took much less time of extraction （30 min） than microwave-assisted hydrodistillation （90 min） and conventional hydrodistillation （180 min）. The kinds of chemical compositions in essential oil extracted by different methods were almost the same and such improved solvent free microwave extraction can be a feasible way in extraction of essential oil from dried plant materials.展开更多
A facile synthesis of benzo[h]quinolines has been developed via improved Combes reaction. A combination of silica gel, p-toluenesulfonic acid and phosphorus pentoxide was utilized to promote the condensation of 1-naph...A facile synthesis of benzo[h]quinolines has been developed via improved Combes reaction. A combination of silica gel, p-toluenesulfonic acid and phosphorus pentoxide was utilized to promote the condensation of 1-naphthylamines with 1,3-diketones under solvent free conditions. In this case, silica gel was used as reaction media, p-toluenesulfonic acid and phosphorus pentoxide were acted as catalyst and dehydrating agent, respectively.展开更多
A novel fused isocoumarin skeleton has been synthesized through selective domino multicyclizations by mixing homothallic acid and 2,3-diphenylacryloyl chloride at 200℃ under catalyst and solvent free reaction conditi...A novel fused isocoumarin skeleton has been synthesized through selective domino multicyclizations by mixing homothallic acid and 2,3-diphenylacryloyl chloride at 200℃ under catalyst and solvent free reaction conditions. Six fused rings with two stereogenic centers were assembled in a convenient onepot operation in good yield. The resulting hexacyclic fused isocoumarin skeleton and its stereochemistry was fully characterized and unambiguously confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis.展开更多
An easy, safe, solvent free and effective method for the synthesis of pyrazole-substituted chalcones has been achieved by grinding pyrazole aldehydes and acetophenones in the presence of activated barium hydroxide （C...An easy, safe, solvent free and effective method for the synthesis of pyrazole-substituted chalcones has been achieved by grinding pyrazole aldehydes and acetophenones in the presence of activated barium hydroxide （C-200） in high yield within short span of time. All reactions were carried out just by grinding the two reactants in the presence of activated barium hydroxide （C-200）. Results are also compared with sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide.展开更多
A microwave enhanced, solventless Mannich condensation of terminal alkynes, primary amines with paraformaldehyde on cuprous iodide doped alumina has been investigated. The structures of products depend on the ratio o...A microwave enhanced, solventless Mannich condensation of terminal alkynes, primary amines with paraformaldehyde on cuprous iodide doped alumina has been investigated. The structures of products depend on the ratio of alkyne to amine and paraformaldehyde.展开更多
A microwave-enhanced hydrolysis of amides utilizing KF/Al2O3 in the absence of solvents has been developed. Amines are produced in excellent yields along with the corresponding carboxylic acids.
Sodium borohydride supported on alumina reduces imines to the corresponding secondary amines in high to excellent isolated yields under solvent-free conditions. Noteworthy is that highly chemoselective reactions were ...Sodium borohydride supported on alumina reduces imines to the corresponding secondary amines in high to excellent isolated yields under solvent-free conditions. Noteworthy is that highly chemoselective reactions were achieved in the presence of other functional groups such as halogen, nitro, and cyano groups.展开更多
A facile and efficient one-pot three-component synthesis of bis（5-methyl-2-furyl）methanes has been achieved via the reaction of 2-methylfuran with a series of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes and aliphatic ketones i...A facile and efficient one-pot three-component synthesis of bis（5-methyl-2-furyl）methanes has been achieved via the reaction of 2-methylfuran with a series of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes and aliphatic ketones in presence of copper（II） triflate under solvent free conditions. The bis（5-methyl-2-furyl）methanes were obtained in 34%--72% yields and the catalyst was recycled up to four successive cycles without much loss in catalytic activity.展开更多
Sulfanilic acid has been found to be an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of 1,5-benzodiazepines from o-phenylenediamine and ketones. This method is simple, effective and environmentally friendly and gives better y...Sulfanilic acid has been found to be an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of 1,5-benzodiazepines from o-phenylenediamine and ketones. This method is simple, effective and environmentally friendly and gives better yields.展开更多
The solvent‐free oxidation of benzyl alcohol was studied using supported Pd‐Ni bimetallic nanoparticles.Compared with monometallic Pd,the addition of Ni to Pd was found to be effective in suppressing the nondesired ...The solvent‐free oxidation of benzyl alcohol was studied using supported Pd‐Ni bimetallic nanoparticles.Compared with monometallic Pd,the addition of Ni to Pd was found to be effective in suppressing the nondesired product toluene,thereby enhancing the selectivity towards benzaldehyde.This result was attributed to a dual effect of Ni addition:the weakening of dissociative adsorption of benzyl alcohol and the promotion of oxygen species involved in the oxidation pathway.展开更多
Six new asymmetric thiocarbonohydrazones 3a-3f were synthesized from following steps： firstly hydrazine hydrate reacted with carbon disulfide to form thiocarbonohydrazide （1） under microwave irradiation. Then compo...Six new asymmetric thiocarbonohydrazones 3a-3f were synthesized from following steps： firstly hydrazine hydrate reacted with carbon disulfide to form thiocarbonohydrazide （1） under microwave irradiation. Then compound （1） reacted with ketone and different aldehydes step by step to give 3a-3f with excellent yields under solvent-free conditions using microwave irradiation. Their structures have been determined by elemental analysis, IR, MS and ^1H NMR data. 2009 Qing Han Li. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All rights reserved.展开更多
文摘Nitro aromatic compound can be obtained in high yields via nitration of aromatic compound with wet carbon-based solid acid and NaNO_3 under solvent free oxidation at room temperature.
基金the financial support of this work by the Research Council of Mazandaran University.
文摘Copper-catalyzed synthesis of N-aryl anthranilic acid derivatives using effective amination of 2-chloro and 2-bromobenzoic acid under microwave irradiation is reported. Some of the advantages of this method are high chemoselectivity, short reaction times, ease of work up procedure and elimination of the need for acid protection. 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society.
基金The author thanks for the financial support of SINOPEC Corporation(S413108).
文摘The toluene oxidative bromination reaction catalyzed by hollow titanium silicalite(HTS)zeolite in aqueous medium was investigated by employing H2O2 and HBr under mild conditions without the need for organic solvent.A high toluene conversion(90.7%)and high selectivity of mono-bromotoluene(99.0%)was achieved under the optimal reaction conditions.The UV-Raman spectroscopy was applied for the mechanism study and the result reveals that HTS is efficient for catalyzing the oxidation reaction of HBr with H2O2 to produce abundant active bromine species,which can further facilitate the toluene electrophilic bromination reaction.A two-step toluene bromination reaction mechanism involving the HTS catalyzed active bromine species“generation-conversion-utilization”process is proposed based on the UV-Raman spectroscopy analysis.
基金Research Council of K.N.Toosi University of Technology for partial financial support of this work
文摘Zinc chloride is an efficient and safe catalyst in the [3 ＋ 2] cycloaddition reaction of organic nitriles with sodium azide in solventless condition. The corresponding 5-substituted ^1H tetrazoles were obtained under mild conditions. This method can overcome disadvantages such as： the use of toxic metals and expensive reagents, drastic reaction conditions, water sensitivity and the presence of dangerous hydrazoic acid.
文摘The microscopic moleeular theory for electron transfer in a model solvent ishahr developed. The nonlinear response of the solvent molecules is be computedquanitatively in a new way. Adopting computer simulation daa and choosingappropriate reaction coordinae, a reasonable free energy dinram is constructed and thercorganhaion energy for the product state is calculated.
文摘Secondary amine based ionic liquid and defective Keggin type heteropoly acid (HPA) are separately used for efficient one-pot four-component synthesis of 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted imidazoles assisted by microwave (MW). Eco-friendly solvent free procedure, short reaction time, high yield of products and reusability of catalysts are important features of the synthesis. A comparative study on the efficiency of the two catalysts is reported. This work further demonstrates the alternate use of urea, instead of often used ammonium acetate, as source of nitrogen.
文摘Montmorillonite K10 catalyzed synthesis of 2,4,6 triaryl pyridine under solvent free condition is described. Montmorillonite effectively catalyzed the reaction in good to excellent yields. Using this solid catalyst, the reactions could be carried out in a short period of time with very good yield of triaryl pyridines, up to 97% under solvent free condition. This catalyst could be recycled very easily, which makes this methodology environmentally benign. The catalyst is active over three cycles.
文摘The symmetric oxidative coupling reactions of 2-naphthol derivatives with both ferric hydrogensulfate in water and silica ferric hydrogensulfate in solvent free conditions were carried out. The advantages of this green procedure are inexpensive catalyst or cocatalyst, reusability of catalyst, organic solvent-free procedures and simple workup.
文摘A new Bronsted acidic ionic liquid, L-Pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid sulfate (LPCAS) was employed to promote one-pot synthesis of 14-aryl-14H-dibenzo [a,j] xanthenes via condensation reaction of aldehydes and 2-naphthol under solvent free condition. Distinguishing features of the methodology are excellent yield of products in shorter reaction time, cleaner reaction profile, eco-friendly nature and the use of inexpensive catalyst.
文摘An improved solvent free microwave extraction, in which a kind of microwave absorption medium （carbonyl iron powder） was used, was applied to the extraction of essential oil from dried menthol mint and orange peel without addition of any solvent and pretreatment. It took much less time of extraction （30 min） than microwave-assisted hydrodistillation （90 min） and conventional hydrodistillation （180 min）. The kinds of chemical compositions in essential oil extracted by different methods were almost the same and such improved solvent free microwave extraction can be a feasible way in extraction of essential oil from dried plant materials.
文摘A facile synthesis of benzo[h]quinolines has been developed via improved Combes reaction. A combination of silica gel, p-toluenesulfonic acid and phosphorus pentoxide was utilized to promote the condensation of 1-naphthylamines with 1,3-diketones under solvent free conditions. In this case, silica gel was used as reaction media, p-toluenesulfonic acid and phosphorus pentoxide were acted as catalyst and dehydrating agent, respectively.
基金supported by the Higher Education Commission (HEC),Govt.of Pakistan for financial support
文摘A novel fused isocoumarin skeleton has been synthesized through selective domino multicyclizations by mixing homothallic acid and 2,3-diphenylacryloyl chloride at 200℃ under catalyst and solvent free reaction conditions. Six fused rings with two stereogenic centers were assembled in a convenient onepot operation in good yield. The resulting hexacyclic fused isocoumarin skeleton and its stereochemistry was fully characterized and unambiguously confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis.
文摘An easy, safe, solvent free and effective method for the synthesis of pyrazole-substituted chalcones has been achieved by grinding pyrazole aldehydes and acetophenones in the presence of activated barium hydroxide （C-200） in high yield within short span of time. All reactions were carried out just by grinding the two reactants in the presence of activated barium hydroxide （C-200）. Results are also compared with sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide.
基金ProjectsupportedbytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina (No .2 0 172 0 18) theExcellentScientistFoundationofAnhuiProvince (No .2 0 0 10 40 ) +1 种基金theNaturalScienceFoundationoftheEducationDepartmentofAnhuiProvince (No .2 0 0 2kj2 5 4ZD) theSci e
文摘A microwave enhanced, solventless Mannich condensation of terminal alkynes, primary amines with paraformaldehyde on cuprous iodide doped alumina has been investigated. The structures of products depend on the ratio of alkyne to amine and paraformaldehyde.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 0972057）.
文摘A microwave-enhanced hydrolysis of amides utilizing KF/Al2O3 in the absence of solvents has been developed. Amines are produced in excellent yields along with the corresponding carboxylic acids.
基金Chamran University Research Council are gratefully acknowledged.
文摘Sodium borohydride supported on alumina reduces imines to the corresponding secondary amines in high to excellent isolated yields under solvent-free conditions. Noteworthy is that highly chemoselective reactions were achieved in the presence of other functional groups such as halogen, nitro, and cyano groups.
文摘A facile and efficient one-pot three-component synthesis of bis（5-methyl-2-furyl）methanes has been achieved via the reaction of 2-methylfuran with a series of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes and aliphatic ketones in presence of copper（II） triflate under solvent free conditions. The bis（5-methyl-2-furyl）methanes were obtained in 34%--72% yields and the catalyst was recycled up to four successive cycles without much loss in catalytic activity.
文摘Sulfanilic acid has been found to be an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of 1,5-benzodiazepines from o-phenylenediamine and ketones. This method is simple, effective and environmentally friendly and gives better yields.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(21271153,21373181,21222307,U1402233)Major Research Plan of National Natural Science Foundation of China(91545113)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2014XZZX003-02)~~
文摘The solvent‐free oxidation of benzyl alcohol was studied using supported Pd‐Ni bimetallic nanoparticles.Compared with monometallic Pd,the addition of Ni to Pd was found to be effective in suppressing the nondesired product toluene,thereby enhancing the selectivity towards benzaldehyde.This result was attributed to a dual effect of Ni addition:the weakening of dissociative adsorption of benzyl alcohol and the promotion of oxygen species involved in the oxidation pathway.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Southwest University for Nationalities (No.08NQZ002) for financial support.
文摘Six new asymmetric thiocarbonohydrazones 3a-3f were synthesized from following steps： firstly hydrazine hydrate reacted with carbon disulfide to form thiocarbonohydrazide （1） under microwave irradiation. Then compound （1） reacted with ketone and different aldehydes step by step to give 3a-3f with excellent yields under solvent-free conditions using microwave irradiation. Their structures have been determined by elemental analysis, IR, MS and ^1H NMR data. 2009 Qing Han Li. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
