Rapid determination of volatile constituents in safflower from Xinjiang and Henan by ultrasonic-assisted solvent extraction and GC-MS

The total volatile components were extracted from safflower by ultrasonic-assisted solvent extraction （USE） and their chemical constituents were analyzed by gas chromatographymass spectrometry （GC-MS） to provide scientific basis for the quality control of safflower. Five different solvents （diethyl ether, ethanol, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane and acetone） were used and compared in terms of number of volatile components extracted and the peak areas of these components in TIC. The results showed that USE could be used as an efficient and rapid method for extracting the volatile components from safflower. It also could be found that the number of components in the TIC of ethyl acetate extract was more than that in the TIC of other solvent ones. Meanwhile, the volatile components of safflower from Xinjiang Autonomous Region and Henan Province of China were different in chemical components and relative contents. It could be concluded that both the extraction solvents and geographical origin of safflower are responsible for these differences. The experimental results also indicated that USE/GC-MS is a simple, rapid and effective method to analyze the volatile oil components of safflower.

Analysis of the Volatile Components of Polygonum chinense L.Extracted with Different Solvents by GC-MS

[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the volatile components of Polygonum chinense L.[Methods]The volatile components of the methanol extract,ethyl acetate extract,chloroform extract and petroleum ether extract of P.chinense were analyzed and determined by gas chromatography.[Results]The volatile components of the methanol extract from P.chinense were the most,and phenolic acids and ketones accounted for a relatively high proportion,among which pyrogallic acid had the highest content.The ethyl acetate extract contained the second most volatile components,mostly acids and esters,of whichβ-sitosterol had the highest content;the chloroform and petroleum ether extracts had relatively few types of volatile components,most of which were alkanes,and the content ofγ-sitosterol shared by the two was the highest.The common substances of the four extracts were palmitic acid and phytol.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for the quality evaluation of P.chinense and a scientific basis for its resource development.

Effect of Three Extraction Methods on the Volatile Component of Illicium verum Hook.f.Analyzed by GC-MS

The physical properties and chemical components of three oil samples extracted from Illicium verum Hook. f. by steam distillation （SD）, solvent extraction （SE） and supercritical fluid extraction （SFE） were compared with one another and analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry （GC-MS）. The quality parameters of star anise essential oil from SFE were close to that of those came from SD and SE. Although the extraction yield of star anise by SFE （9.2 %） was close to the value from SE （9.3%）, it was yet higher than that came from SD （8.2%）. For sensory evaluation, however, three oils were significantly different. The odor and taste of the products from SFE and SE were generally more natural and vivid than that came from distilled oil. The volatile compound revealed that significant differences of the composition existed in the distilled oil and the oleoresins prepared by SFE and SE.

High-Precision GC-MS Analysis of Atmospheric Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Isomer Ratios from Biomass Burning Emissions

This manuscript describes an analytical method for the quantitative determination of 16-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), followed by purification on a silica cartridge, and subsequent measurement by gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The solvent extraction parameters (T = 100 oC, P = 1500 psi, t = 30 min, V = 30 ml) are optimized with dichloromethane (DCM) in order to avoid fractionation effect, thereby achieving quantitative mass recovery of PAHs. The purification of PAHs on silica cartridge eliminates the matrix effect, facilitates their enrichment from extracted solution and quantitative deter-mination in presence of an internal-standard (Pyrene-D10). The analytical protocol has been successfully used for the quantification of 16-PAHs and their isomer ratios in atmospheric aerosols collected from northern India dominated by agricultural- waste (post-harvest paddy and wheat residue) burning emissions. Based on the analysis of ambient aerosols, collected from different sites, the overall recovery efficiency for 2- to 3-ring PAHs is 85% and near 100% recovery for 4- to 6-ring compounds.

Analysis of volatile components in saffron from Tibet and Henan by ultrasonic-assisted solvent extraction and GC-MS

To determine the chemical constituents of volatile components in saffron from the Tibet Autonomous Region and the Henan Province of China and to compare the chemical composition difference in the saffron,the total volatile components were extracted by ultrasonic-assisted solvent extraction（USE）,using five different solvents：diethyl ether,ethanol,ethyl acetate, dichloromethane and acetone,analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS）and compared to the standard MS data,and their relative contents were calculated by area normalization.The results showed both that USE was an efficient and rapid method for the extraction of the volatile components from saffron and that the components extracted from the same sample using different solvents were different.Comparison of the experimental results of saffron from the Tibet Autonomous Region and the Henan Province of China showed that their volatile components were different in their chemical composition and in their relative percentages.USE/GC-MS is a simple,rapid,and effective method for the analysis of volatile oil components in saffron.

土壤样品中多环芳烃的GC-MS快速分析方法

In this study,a GC-MS/SIM method was used to analyze 16 PAHs in soil by ASE on-line clean-up.The average recoveries were ranged from 67% to 129%.The relative standard deviations were between 2.7% and 21.1%.The calculated limits of detection were no more than 0.95 ng/g.This method was fast,simple,and cost-saving,and can be used in the large quantities of samples analysis.

不同溶剂提取花椒精油的试验研究

采用无水乙醇、乙醚、丙酮及水作溶剂 ,对四川汉源花椒作了精油提取研究。并用GC -MS分析和鉴定了花椒精油中的主要化学成分。试验结果发现 ,用有机溶剂提取的花椒精油 ,主要化学成分基本相同 ,且包含了用水作溶剂提取的花椒精油中的主要化学成分。几种有机溶剂中 ,又以乙醚的提取性能最好。

CS_2 extraction and FTIR & GC/MS analysis of a Chinese brown coal

The abundance of low-rank coals in China, such as bituminous and brown coals, makes studies of their composition and structure of great significance to both coal chemistry research and for efficient utilization of the coal. We describe how a Chinese brown coal was ultrasonically extracted with carbon disulfide （CS2） and the raw and extracted coals were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy （FTIR）. The corresponding extract was analyzed with a coupled gas chromatograph mass spectrometer （GC/MS）. The FTIR analysis shows a great abundance of amidocyanogen, carbonyl, aromatic and hetero aromatic rings and single carbon-beteroatom bonds. This suggests the possible occurrence of compounds like alcohols, phenols, amines, esters, carboxylic acids, ethers, aromatics or heteroaromatics. The GC/MS analysis of the CS2 extract detected 62 compounds, among which the non-polar ones were of lower abundance while the polar ones were in higher abundance and were structurally diverse. This demonstrates the compositional and structural complexity of Shengli coal.