BACKGROUND The use of a problem-solving model guided by stimulus-organism-response(SOR)theory for women with postpartum depression after cesarean delivery may inform nursing interventions for women with postpartum dep...BACKGROUND The use of a problem-solving model guided by stimulus-organism-response(SOR)theory for women with postpartum depression after cesarean delivery may inform nursing interventions for women with postpartum depression.AIM To explore the state of mind and coping style of women with depression after cesarean delivery guided by SOR theory.METHODS Eighty postpartum depressed women with cesarean delivery admitted to the hospital between January 2022 and October 2023 were selected and divided into two groups of 40 cases each,according to the random number table method.In the control group,the observation group adopted the problem-solving nursing model under SOR theory.The two groups were consecutively intervened for 12 weeks,and the state of mind,coping styles,and degree of post-partum depression were analyzed at the end of the intervention.RESULTS The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and Hamilton Depression Scale-24-item scores of the observation group were lower than in the control group after care,and the level of improvement in the state of mind was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).The level of coping with illness in the observation group after care(26.48±3.35)was higher than that in the control group(21.73±3.20),and the level of avoidance(12.04±2.68)and submission(8.14±1.15)was lower than that in the control group(15.75±2.69 and 9.95±1.20),with significant differences(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Adopting the problem-solving nursing model using SOR theory for postpartum depressed mothers after cesarean delivery reduced maternal depression,improved their state of mind,and coping level with illness.展开更多
CAPTCHA is an acronym that stands for Completely Automated Public Turing Test to tell Computers and Humans Apart(CAPTCHA),it is a good example of an authentication system that can be used to determine the true identit...CAPTCHA is an acronym that stands for Completely Automated Public Turing Test to tell Computers and Humans Apart(CAPTCHA),it is a good example of an authentication system that can be used to determine the true identity of any user.It serves as a security measure to prevent an attack caused by web bots(automatic programs)during an online transaction.It can come as text-based or image-based depending on the project and the programmer.The usability and robustness,as well as level of security,provided each of the varies and call for the development of an improved system.Hence,this paper studied and improved two different CAPTCHA systems(the text-based CAPTCHA and image-based CAPTCHA).The textbased and image-based CAPTCHAwere designed using JavaScript.Response time and solving time are the two metrics used to determine the effectiveness and efficiency of the two CAPTCHA systems.The inclusion of response time and solving time improved the shortfall of the usability and robustness of the existing system.The developed system was tested using 200 students from the Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology.The results of each of the participants,for the two CAPTCHAs,were extracted from the database and subjected to analysis using SPSS.The result shows that textbased CAPTCHAhas the lowest average solving time(21.3333 s)with a 47.8%success rate while image-based CAPTCHA has the highest average solving time was 23.5138 s with a 52.8%success rate.The average response time for the image-based CAPTCHA was 2.1855 s with a 37.9%success rate lower than the text-based CAPTCHA response time(3.5561 s)with a 62.1%success rate.This indicates that the text-based CAPTCHA is more effective in terms of usability tests while image-based CAPTCHA is more efficient in terms of system responsiveness and recommended for potential users.展开更多
A qualia role-based entity-dependency graph(EDG)is proposed to represent and extract quantity relations for solving algebra story problems stated in Chinese.Traditional neural solvers use end-to-end models to translat...A qualia role-based entity-dependency graph(EDG)is proposed to represent and extract quantity relations for solving algebra story problems stated in Chinese.Traditional neural solvers use end-to-end models to translate problem texts into math expressions,which lack quantity relation acquisition in sophisticated scenarios.To address the problem,the proposed method leverages EDG to represent quantity relations hidden in qualia roles of math objects.Algorithms were designed for EDG generation and quantity relation extraction for solving algebra story problems.Experimental result shows that the proposedmethod achieved an average accuracy of 82.2%on quantity relation extraction compared to 74.5%of baseline method.Another prompt learning result shows a 5%increase obtained in problem solving by injecting the extracted quantity relations into the baseline neural solvers.展开更多
We study the dynamics of a quantum dissipative system. Besides its linear coupling with a harmonic bath modelling the dissipation, we suppose that it is coupled with an oscillator with an interaction of the form s 2 x...We study the dynamics of a quantum dissipative system. Besides its linear coupling with a harmonic bath modelling the dissipation, we suppose that it is coupled with an oscillator with an interaction of the form s 2 x 2 . In our study, we integrate over the bath and the oscillator, extract the corresponding influence functionals and then solve the system’s sign problem. We apply the theory to the case of a double well and study the time evolution of the expectation value of the position.展开更多
The equation used to model the unidirectional flow of methane gas in coal seams is usually formulated as a nonlinear partial differential equation, which needs to be solved numerically with a computer program.Neverthe...The equation used to model the unidirectional flow of methane gas in coal seams is usually formulated as a nonlinear partial differential equation, which needs to be solved numerically with a computer program.Nevertheless, for people without access to the computer program, the conventional numerical method may be inconvenient. Thus, the objective here is to seek some method simpler than the conventional one for solving the flow problem. A commonly used model of the unidirectional methane gas flow is considered, where the methane adsorption is described by the Langmuir isotherm and the free gas is treated as real gas. By introducing the similarity solution, a simple method for solving the flow model is proposed, which can be done on a hand calculator. It is shown by two examples that the gas pressure profile obtained by the proposed method agrees well with the direct numerical solution of the flow model.展开更多
A new efficient coupling relationship description method has been developed to provide an automated and visualized way to multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) modeling and solving. The disciplinary relation mat...A new efficient coupling relationship description method has been developed to provide an automated and visualized way to multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) modeling and solving. The disciplinary relation matrix (DRM) is proposed to describe the coupling relationship according to disciplinary input/output variables, and the MDO definition has been reformulated to adopt the new interfaces. Based on these, a universal MDO solving procedure is proposed to establish an automated and efficient way for MDO modeling and solving. Through a simple and convenient initial configuration, MDO problems can be solved using any of available MDO architectures with no further effort. Several examples are used to verify the proposed MDO modeling and solving process. Result shows that the DRM method has the ability to simplify and automate the MDO procedure, and the related MDO framework can evaluate the MDO problem automatically and efficiently.展开更多
Aiming at the problem of structure design in reverse-design of mechanism, a structure mapping method based on reverse solving of locus and motion (RSLM) is presented. The mechanism scheme meeting the requirements of...Aiming at the problem of structure design in reverse-design of mechanism, a structure mapping method based on reverse solving of locus and motion (RSLM) is presented. The mechanism scheme meeting the requirements of geometric and structural features is obtained through RSLM. The element instance subsets related to component are established based on the element type mapping, pair structure type mapping and design knowledge mapping between components and elements layer by layer. The assembly position mapping of elements is established based on the topological structure information of mechanism scheme, and the product modeling of structure mapping is realized. The algorithm program and prototype system of product structure mapping based on RSLM are developed. Application samples show that the method implements the integration of scheme design, assembly design and structure design, and modeling for product structure mapping based on RSLM. The feasibility of assembly is analyzed in scheme design that contributes to reducing the design error, and raising the design efficiency and quality.展开更多
This paper introduces a method for solving DOA estimation ambiguity in ESPRIT algorithm with the conventional beamformer. With the help of it, for any space of two subarrays, the signal DOA in [-π/2 ,π/2] can be est...This paper introduces a method for solving DOA estimation ambiguity in ESPRIT algorithm with the conventional beamformer. With the help of it, for any space of two subarrays, the signal DOA in [-π/2 ,π/2] can be estimated effectively by using ESPRIT algorithm. Finally, some simulation results to verify the theoretical analyses are presented.展开更多
The platform scheduling problem in battlefield is one of the important problems in military operational research.It needs to minimize mission completing time and meanwhile maximize the mission completing accuracy with...The platform scheduling problem in battlefield is one of the important problems in military operational research.It needs to minimize mission completing time and meanwhile maximize the mission completing accuracy with a limited number of platforms.Though the traditional certain models obtain some good results,uncertain model is still needed to be introduced since the battlefield environment is complex and unstable.An uncertain model is prposed for the platform scheduling problem.Related parameters in this model are set to be fuzzy or stochastic.Due to the inherent disadvantage of the solving methods for traditional models,a new method is proposed to solve the uncertain model.Finally,the practicability and availability of the proposed method are demonstrated with a case of joint campaign.展开更多
An accurate and rapid method for solving radiative transfer equation is presented in this paper. According to the fact that the multiple scattering component of radiance is less sensitive to the error of phase functio...An accurate and rapid method for solving radiative transfer equation is presented in this paper. According to the fact that the multiple scattering component of radiance is less sensitive to the error of phase function than the single scattering component is,we calculate the multiple scattering component by using delta-Eddington approximation and the single scattering component by solving radiative transfer equation. On the ground, when multiple sattering component is small, for example, when the total optical depth T is small, the accurate radiance can be obtained with this method. For the need of the space remote sensing, the upward radiance at the top of the atmosphere is mainly studied, and an approximate expression is presented to correct the multiple scattering component. Compared with the more precise Gauss-Seidel method.the results from this method show an accuracy of better than 10% when zenith angle 0 < 50 掳 and T < 1. The computational speed of this method is, however, much faster than that of Gauss-Seidel method.展开更多
We describe a system called CFLP which aims at the integration of the best features of functional logic programming (FLP), cooperative constraint solving (CCS), and distributed computing. FLP provides support for defi...We describe a system called CFLP which aims at the integration of the best features of functional logic programming (FLP), cooperative constraint solving (CCS), and distributed computing. FLP provides support for defining one's own abstractions over a constraint domain in an easy and comfortable way, whereas CCS is employed to solve systems of mixed constraints by iterating specialized constraint solving methods in accordance with a well defined strategy. The system is a distributed implementation of a cooperative constraint functional logic programming scheme that combines higher order lazy narrowing with cooperative constraint solving. The model takes advantage of the existence of several constraint solving resources located in a distributed environment (e.g., a network of computers), which communicate asynchronously via message passing. To increase the openness of the system, we are redesigning CFLP based on CORBA. We discuss some design and implementation issues of the system.展开更多
In this paper, we discuss the parallel domain decomposition method(DDM)for solving PDE's on parallel computers. Three types of DDM: DDM with overlapping, DDM without overlapping and DDM with fictitious component a...In this paper, we discuss the parallel domain decomposition method(DDM)for solving PDE's on parallel computers. Three types of DDM: DDM with overlapping, DDM without overlapping and DDM with fictitious component are discussed in a uniform framework. The eonvergence of the asynchronous parallel algorithms based on DDM are discussed.展开更多
Objective The aims of this study were to describe nursing students′self-directed learning readiness and social problem solving and test their correlations in Macao.Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study was c...Objective The aims of this study were to describe nursing students′self-directed learning readiness and social problem solving and test their correlations in Macao.Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 140baccalaureate nursing students.A stratified random sampling was performed.The Self-directed Learning Readiness(SDLR)Scale and Chinese Social Problem-Solving Inventory-Revised(C-SPSI-R)were used.Results The response rate was 79.3%.Students possessed readiness for self-directed learning(mean 149.09±12.53,51.4%at high level,48.6%at low level).Regarding to social problem solving,the mean scores of each subscale were 9.35±3.25(Rational Problem Solving,RPS),10.26±3.23(Positive Problem Orientation,PPO),8.14±4.06(Negative Problem Orientation,NPO),5.67±4.44(Avoidance Style,AS),and 4.84±3.03(Impulsivity/Carelessness Style,ICS).SDLR was positively related to RPS and PPO,but was negatively related to AS.Conclusion Half of students possessed stronger readiness for self-directed learning.Students had a belief in the ability to solve problems,and adopted relevant strategies in solving problems.However,students still had negative and dysfunctional orientation and defective attempts in solving problems.Self-directed learning was positively related to positive and constructive orientation,but was negatively related to defective problem-solving pattern.Nurse educators should create educational climates for promoting student confidence and mutual responsibility for learning and their thinking process for problem solving.展开更多
Variable crank length cam⁃linkage mechanism has attracted much attention due to its compact overall structure when realizing complex motion laws.According to the special trajectory requirements,the kinematic character...Variable crank length cam⁃linkage mechanism has attracted much attention due to its compact overall structure when realizing complex motion laws.According to the special trajectory requirements,the kinematic characteristics and parameters of the mechanism have been analyzed and solved,which lays foundation for the implementation of the variable crank length snow melting agent throwing mechanism designed in this paper.Based on the trajectory equation of the point,the mathematical model of the throwing mechanism was established,and the theoretical trajectory of the end point of the throwing mechanism was obtained by programming.The parametric modeling and trajectory drawing were carried out by computer aided three⁃dimensional interactive application(CATIA),and the correctness of the mathematical model was verified by comparison.The regional trajectory distribution characteristics of the end points of the throwing mechanism were studied by using the trajectory region location method,and the influence of various parameters on the trajectory was investigated by using the numerical cycle comparison method.The human⁃computer interaction system of snow melting agent throwing mechanism with variable crank length was constructed by using Microsoft Visual Basic(VB)software.Based on the restriction conditions,the optimum combination of structural adjustment parameters and operational parameters suitable for Harbin first⁃class roads was obtained by using orthogonal test table,which provides an effective method to solve the parameters of the variable crank length cam mechanism with smooth impulse trajectory.展开更多
We propose a continuous analogy of Newton’s method with inner iteration for solving a system of linear algebraic equations. Implementation of inner iterations is carried out in two ways. The former is to fix the numb...We propose a continuous analogy of Newton’s method with inner iteration for solving a system of linear algebraic equations. Implementation of inner iterations is carried out in two ways. The former is to fix the number of inner iterations in advance. The latter is to use the inexact Newton method for solution of the linear system of equations that arises at each stage of outer iterations. We give some new choices of iteration parameter and of forcing term, that ensure the convergence of iterations. The performance and efficiency of the proposed iteration is illustrated by numerical examples that represent a wide range of typical systems.展开更多
Many engineering problems can be reduced to the solution of a variable coefficient differential equation. In this paper, the exact analytic method is suggested to solve variable coefficient differential equations unde...Many engineering problems can be reduced to the solution of a variable coefficient differential equation. In this paper, the exact analytic method is suggested to solve variable coefficient differential equations under arbitrary boundary condition. By this method, the general computation formal is obtained. Its convergence in proved. We can get analytic expressions which converge to exact solution and its higher order derivatives uniformy Four numerical examples are given, which indicate that satisfactory results can he obtanedby this method.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND The use of a problem-solving model guided by stimulus-organism-response(SOR)theory for women with postpartum depression after cesarean delivery may inform nursing interventions for women with postpartum depression.AIM To explore the state of mind and coping style of women with depression after cesarean delivery guided by SOR theory.METHODS Eighty postpartum depressed women with cesarean delivery admitted to the hospital between January 2022 and October 2023 were selected and divided into two groups of 40 cases each,according to the random number table method.In the control group,the observation group adopted the problem-solving nursing model under SOR theory.The two groups were consecutively intervened for 12 weeks,and the state of mind,coping styles,and degree of post-partum depression were analyzed at the end of the intervention.RESULTS The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and Hamilton Depression Scale-24-item scores of the observation group were lower than in the control group after care,and the level of improvement in the state of mind was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).The level of coping with illness in the observation group after care(26.48±3.35)was higher than that in the control group(21.73±3.20),and the level of avoidance(12.04±2.68)and submission(8.14±1.15)was lower than that in the control group(15.75±2.69 and 9.95±1.20),with significant differences(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Adopting the problem-solving nursing model using SOR theory for postpartum depressed mothers after cesarean delivery reduced maternal depression,improved their state of mind,and coping level with illness.
文摘CAPTCHA is an acronym that stands for Completely Automated Public Turing Test to tell Computers and Humans Apart(CAPTCHA),it is a good example of an authentication system that can be used to determine the true identity of any user.It serves as a security measure to prevent an attack caused by web bots(automatic programs)during an online transaction.It can come as text-based or image-based depending on the project and the programmer.The usability and robustness,as well as level of security,provided each of the varies and call for the development of an improved system.Hence,this paper studied and improved two different CAPTCHA systems(the text-based CAPTCHA and image-based CAPTCHA).The textbased and image-based CAPTCHAwere designed using JavaScript.Response time and solving time are the two metrics used to determine the effectiveness and efficiency of the two CAPTCHA systems.The inclusion of response time and solving time improved the shortfall of the usability and robustness of the existing system.The developed system was tested using 200 students from the Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology.The results of each of the participants,for the two CAPTCHAs,were extracted from the database and subjected to analysis using SPSS.The result shows that textbased CAPTCHAhas the lowest average solving time(21.3333 s)with a 47.8%success rate while image-based CAPTCHA has the highest average solving time was 23.5138 s with a 52.8%success rate.The average response time for the image-based CAPTCHA was 2.1855 s with a 37.9%success rate lower than the text-based CAPTCHA response time(3.5561 s)with a 62.1%success rate.This indicates that the text-based CAPTCHA is more effective in terms of usability tests while image-based CAPTCHA is more efficient in terms of system responsiveness and recommended for potential users.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.62177024,62007014)the Humanities and Social Sciences Youth Fund of the Ministry of Education (No.20YJC880024)+1 种基金China Post Doctoral Science Foundation (No.2019M652678)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No.CCNU20ZT019).
文摘A qualia role-based entity-dependency graph(EDG)is proposed to represent and extract quantity relations for solving algebra story problems stated in Chinese.Traditional neural solvers use end-to-end models to translate problem texts into math expressions,which lack quantity relation acquisition in sophisticated scenarios.To address the problem,the proposed method leverages EDG to represent quantity relations hidden in qualia roles of math objects.Algorithms were designed for EDG generation and quantity relation extraction for solving algebra story problems.Experimental result shows that the proposedmethod achieved an average accuracy of 82.2%on quantity relation extraction compared to 74.5%of baseline method.Another prompt learning result shows a 5%increase obtained in problem solving by injecting the extracted quantity relations into the baseline neural solvers.
文摘We study the dynamics of a quantum dissipative system. Besides its linear coupling with a harmonic bath modelling the dissipation, we suppose that it is coupled with an oscillator with an interaction of the form s 2 x 2 . In our study, we integrate over the bath and the oscillator, extract the corresponding influence functionals and then solve the system’s sign problem. We apply the theory to the case of a double well and study the time evolution of the expectation value of the position.
基金provided by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)
文摘The equation used to model the unidirectional flow of methane gas in coal seams is usually formulated as a nonlinear partial differential equation, which needs to be solved numerically with a computer program.Nevertheless, for people without access to the computer program, the conventional numerical method may be inconvenient. Thus, the objective here is to seek some method simpler than the conventional one for solving the flow problem. A commonly used model of the unidirectional methane gas flow is considered, where the methane adsorption is described by the Langmuir isotherm and the free gas is treated as real gas. By introducing the similarity solution, a simple method for solving the flow model is proposed, which can be done on a hand calculator. It is shown by two examples that the gas pressure profile obtained by the proposed method agrees well with the direct numerical solution of the flow model.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51505385)Shanghai Aerospace Science and Technology Innovation Foundation(SAST2015010)the Defense Basic Research Program(JCKY2016204B102)
文摘A new efficient coupling relationship description method has been developed to provide an automated and visualized way to multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) modeling and solving. The disciplinary relation matrix (DRM) is proposed to describe the coupling relationship according to disciplinary input/output variables, and the MDO definition has been reformulated to adopt the new interfaces. Based on these, a universal MDO solving procedure is proposed to establish an automated and efficient way for MDO modeling and solving. Through a simple and convenient initial configuration, MDO problems can be solved using any of available MDO architectures with no further effort. Several examples are used to verify the proposed MDO modeling and solving process. Result shows that the DRM method has the ability to simplify and automate the MDO procedure, and the related MDO framework can evaluate the MDO problem automatically and efficiently.
基金This project is supported by National Hi-tech Research Development Program of China(863 Program,No.2006AA04ZlI4)Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education,China(No.20040335060)Zhejiang Provincial Scientific Personnel Educational Foundation,China(No.R603240).
文摘Aiming at the problem of structure design in reverse-design of mechanism, a structure mapping method based on reverse solving of locus and motion (RSLM) is presented. The mechanism scheme meeting the requirements of geometric and structural features is obtained through RSLM. The element instance subsets related to component are established based on the element type mapping, pair structure type mapping and design knowledge mapping between components and elements layer by layer. The assembly position mapping of elements is established based on the topological structure information of mechanism scheme, and the product modeling of structure mapping is realized. The algorithm program and prototype system of product structure mapping based on RSLM are developed. Application samples show that the method implements the integration of scheme design, assembly design and structure design, and modeling for product structure mapping based on RSLM. The feasibility of assembly is analyzed in scheme design that contributes to reducing the design error, and raising the design efficiency and quality.
文摘This paper introduces a method for solving DOA estimation ambiguity in ESPRIT algorithm with the conventional beamformer. With the help of it, for any space of two subarrays, the signal DOA in [-π/2 ,π/2] can be estimated effectively by using ESPRIT algorithm. Finally, some simulation results to verify the theoretical analyses are presented.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61573017)
文摘The platform scheduling problem in battlefield is one of the important problems in military operational research.It needs to minimize mission completing time and meanwhile maximize the mission completing accuracy with a limited number of platforms.Though the traditional certain models obtain some good results,uncertain model is still needed to be introduced since the battlefield environment is complex and unstable.An uncertain model is prposed for the platform scheduling problem.Related parameters in this model are set to be fuzzy or stochastic.Due to the inherent disadvantage of the solving methods for traditional models,a new method is proposed to solve the uncertain model.Finally,the practicability and availability of the proposed method are demonstrated with a case of joint campaign.
文摘An accurate and rapid method for solving radiative transfer equation is presented in this paper. According to the fact that the multiple scattering component of radiance is less sensitive to the error of phase function than the single scattering component is,we calculate the multiple scattering component by using delta-Eddington approximation and the single scattering component by solving radiative transfer equation. On the ground, when multiple sattering component is small, for example, when the total optical depth T is small, the accurate radiance can be obtained with this method. For the need of the space remote sensing, the upward radiance at the top of the atmosphere is mainly studied, and an approximate expression is presented to correct the multiple scattering component. Compared with the more precise Gauss-Seidel method.the results from this method show an accuracy of better than 10% when zenith angle 0 < 50 掳 and T < 1. The computational speed of this method is, however, much faster than that of Gauss-Seidel method.
基金Supported in part by the Ministry of EducationCulture+2 种基金SportsScience and TechnologyGrant-in-Aid for Scien-tific Research (B)
文摘We describe a system called CFLP which aims at the integration of the best features of functional logic programming (FLP), cooperative constraint solving (CCS), and distributed computing. FLP provides support for defining one's own abstractions over a constraint domain in an easy and comfortable way, whereas CCS is employed to solve systems of mixed constraints by iterating specialized constraint solving methods in accordance with a well defined strategy. The system is a distributed implementation of a cooperative constraint functional logic programming scheme that combines higher order lazy narrowing with cooperative constraint solving. The model takes advantage of the existence of several constraint solving resources located in a distributed environment (e.g., a network of computers), which communicate asynchronously via message passing. To increase the openness of the system, we are redesigning CFLP based on CORBA. We discuss some design and implementation issues of the system.
基金The project supported by National Natural Science Fundation of China.
文摘In this paper, we discuss the parallel domain decomposition method(DDM)for solving PDE's on parallel computers. Three types of DDM: DDM with overlapping, DDM without overlapping and DDM with fictitious component are discussed in a uniform framework. The eonvergence of the asynchronous parallel algorithms based on DDM are discussed.
文摘Objective The aims of this study were to describe nursing students′self-directed learning readiness and social problem solving and test their correlations in Macao.Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 140baccalaureate nursing students.A stratified random sampling was performed.The Self-directed Learning Readiness(SDLR)Scale and Chinese Social Problem-Solving Inventory-Revised(C-SPSI-R)were used.Results The response rate was 79.3%.Students possessed readiness for self-directed learning(mean 149.09±12.53,51.4%at high level,48.6%at low level).Regarding to social problem solving,the mean scores of each subscale were 9.35±3.25(Rational Problem Solving,RPS),10.26±3.23(Positive Problem Orientation,PPO),8.14±4.06(Negative Problem Orientation,NPO),5.67±4.44(Avoidance Style,AS),and 4.84±3.03(Impulsivity/Carelessness Style,ICS).SDLR was positively related to RPS and PPO,but was negatively related to AS.Conclusion Half of students possessed stronger readiness for self-directed learning.Students had a belief in the ability to solve problems,and adopted relevant strategies in solving problems.However,students still had negative and dysfunctional orientation and defective attempts in solving problems.Self-directed learning was positively related to positive and constructive orientation,but was negatively related to defective problem-solving pattern.Nurse educators should create educational climates for promoting student confidence and mutual responsibility for learning and their thinking process for problem solving.
基金Sponsored by the Young Talents Project of Northeast Agriculture Scholars Program(Grant No.54971412)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2017YFD0700105-2).
文摘Variable crank length cam⁃linkage mechanism has attracted much attention due to its compact overall structure when realizing complex motion laws.According to the special trajectory requirements,the kinematic characteristics and parameters of the mechanism have been analyzed and solved,which lays foundation for the implementation of the variable crank length snow melting agent throwing mechanism designed in this paper.Based on the trajectory equation of the point,the mathematical model of the throwing mechanism was established,and the theoretical trajectory of the end point of the throwing mechanism was obtained by programming.The parametric modeling and trajectory drawing were carried out by computer aided three⁃dimensional interactive application(CATIA),and the correctness of the mathematical model was verified by comparison.The regional trajectory distribution characteristics of the end points of the throwing mechanism were studied by using the trajectory region location method,and the influence of various parameters on the trajectory was investigated by using the numerical cycle comparison method.The human⁃computer interaction system of snow melting agent throwing mechanism with variable crank length was constructed by using Microsoft Visual Basic(VB)software.Based on the restriction conditions,the optimum combination of structural adjustment parameters and operational parameters suitable for Harbin first⁃class roads was obtained by using orthogonal test table,which provides an effective method to solve the parameters of the variable crank length cam mechanism with smooth impulse trajectory.
文摘We propose a continuous analogy of Newton’s method with inner iteration for solving a system of linear algebraic equations. Implementation of inner iterations is carried out in two ways. The former is to fix the number of inner iterations in advance. The latter is to use the inexact Newton method for solution of the linear system of equations that arises at each stage of outer iterations. We give some new choices of iteration parameter and of forcing term, that ensure the convergence of iterations. The performance and efficiency of the proposed iteration is illustrated by numerical examples that represent a wide range of typical systems.
文摘Many engineering problems can be reduced to the solution of a variable coefficient differential equation. In this paper, the exact analytic method is suggested to solve variable coefficient differential equations under arbitrary boundary condition. By this method, the general computation formal is obtained. Its convergence in proved. We can get analytic expressions which converge to exact solution and its higher order derivatives uniformy Four numerical examples are given, which indicate that satisfactory results can he obtanedby this method.