印支造山带:Song Chay构造带

印支运动是二十世纪初法国地质学家根据越南北部晚三叠世大规模角度不整合所提出。越南北部的Song Chay构造带作为印支造山带概念的提出地,记录了大量经典的印支造山相关的信息,是理解印支造山带构造演化的关键地区。本文在课题组对Song Chay地区十多年研究基础上,结合前人研究成果,系统厘定了Song Chay构造带的几何空间格架、运动学特征及其演化过程。详细的野外地质考察表明,Song Chay构造带从SW向NE依次可以划分成:新生代的大象山单元、代表缝合带的Song Chay蛇绿混杂岩单元,以及越南东北部褶皱冲断系统。其中蛇绿混杂岩单元和褶皱冲断系统中发育NE-SW向矿物拉伸线理,并具有顶部向NE方向的剪切变形特征,指示了Song Chay洋壳向SW的俯冲以及向NE的逆冲过程。精确的年代学工作表明,Song Chay蛇绿混杂岩中斜长花岗岩的结晶年龄为356.4±2.9Ma,表明至少在早石炭世Song Chay洋就已经形成了成熟的大洋地壳。褶皱冲断带内部的低温年代学数据约束了顶部向NE的剪切变形年龄在250~245Ma之间,表明为华南和印支板块碰撞时间。另外,Song Chay蛇绿混杂岩基质中碎屑锆石物源研究表明,Song Chay蛇绿混杂岩基质中碎屑锆石主要是来自于俯冲的华南板块,只有很少一部分来自印支板块,因此推测Song Chay洋可能为一个十分有限的小洋盆。构造几何学、运动学以及碎屑锆石物源研究表明,在Song Chay构造带内的“滇-琼缝合带”两侧构造特征可对比,并未因“滇琼洋”的闭合而造成差异。因此,我们认为“滇-琼缝合带”并不能代表一个大洋。根据我们及前人的构造学、岩石学、年代学工作,建立了一个初步的Song Chay洋从晚石炭世至中三叠世的构造演化模型:(1)310~270Ma,Song Chay洋开始向SW俯冲到印支板块之下,此时岩浆弧并不发育,蛇绿混杂岩物源主要为华南板块;(2)270~250Ma,Song Chay洋继续俯冲,此时弧岩浆岩大量发育,蛇绿混杂岩同时接受弧岩浆岩及华南板块碎屑物质;(3)250~245Ma,Song Chay洋闭合,华南板块与印支板块碰撞;(4)245~230Ma,印支造山带进入碰撞后伸展阶段。

Economic significance and environmental impacts of the Song Dam Drinking Water Project(SDDWP)in Garhwal Himalaya

With the population growth through natural growth and migration,coupled with the city expansion,it is the fact that Dehradun City in India faces severe water scarcity.Therefore,the Song Dam Drinking Water Project(SDDWP)is proposed to provide ample drinking water to Dehradun City and its suburban areas.This paper examined economic significance and environmental impacts of the SDDWP in Garhwal Himalaya,India.To conduct this study,we collected data from both primary and secondary sources.There are 12 villages and 3 forest divisions in the surrounding areas of the proposed dam project,of which 3 villages will be fully submerged and 50 households will be affected.For this study,50 heads of the households were interviewed in the 3 submerged villages.The questions mainly focused on economic significance,environmental impacts,and rehabilitation issues of the dam project.The findings of this study indicate that economic significance of the dam project is substantial,including providing ample water for drinking and irrigation,contributing to groundwater recharge,creating job opportunities,and promoting the development of tourism and fisheries in the Doon Valley.In terms of the rehabilitation of the affected people,there are only 50 households in need of rehabilitation.Currently,the arable land of these affected people is not sufficient to sustain their livelihoods.The entire landscape is fragile,rugged,and precipitous;therefore,the affected people are willing to rehabilitate to more suitable areas in the Doon Valley.Moreover,it is essential to provide them with sufficient compensation packages including the compensation of arable land,houses,cash,common property resources,institutions,belongingness,and cultural adaptation.On the other hand,the proposed dam project will have adverse environmental impacts including arable land degradation,forest degradation,loss of fauna and flora,soil erosion,landslides,and soil siltation.These impacts will lead to the ecological imbalances in both upstream and downstream areas.This study suggests that the affected people should be given sufficient compensation packages in all respects.Afforestation programs can be launched in the degraded areas to compensate for the loss of forest in the affected areas.

Case Records as Medical Stories: A Song-dynasty Doctor’s Narration of His Own Medicine-Xu Shuwei (1080-1154)

The key point in studying or teaching the history of Chinese medicine is on the doctrines underlying it and on its perception of the body,physiology,pathology,and its treatment.Namely,there is often a tendency to focus on reading and analysing the classical canons and therapy-related texts including formularies and materia medica collections.However,focusing on these sources provides us with a one-sided presentation of Chinese medicine.These primary sources lack the clinical down-to-earth know-how that encompasses medical treatment,which are represented,for instance,in the clinical rounds of modern medical schools.Our traditional focus on the medical canons and formularies provides almost no clinical knowledge,leaving us with a one-sided narrative that ignores how medicine and healing are actually practiced in the field.This paper focuses on the latter aspect of medicine from a historical perspective.Using written and visual sources dating to the Song dynasty,clinical encounters between doctors and patients including their families are depicted based on case records recorded by a physician,members of the patient’s family,and bystanders.This array of case records or case stories will enable us to narrate the interaction between physicians and patients both from the clinical perspective and from the social interaction.This paper will also discuss visual depictions of the medical encounter to provide another perspective for narrating medicine during the Song dynasty.Medical case records and paintings depicting medical encounters are exemplary of the potential of Chinese primary sources for narrative medicine.

Construction of the Genealogy of Eccentric Monks Based on the Historical Materials of Chan Buddhism in the Song Dynasty--From Enlightened Masters in Chan Buddhism,Sages,to Saints

Regarding the Chan Buddhism lamp records from the Song Dynasty and starting from Jing De Zhuan Deng Lu,the category of“enlightened masters in Chan Buddhism”禪門達者was listed separately,meaning a separate category was established for eccentric monks who pretended to be crazy,had unknown inheritance and miraculous deeds,and were difficult to classify.The following lamp records named this category of eccentric monks as“sages”散聖,or“saints”應化聖賢,which constructed another historical genealogy for the special Chan Buddhism eccentric monks.Moreover,the early lamp records included mostly idiosyncratic mad monks from previous dynasties.Since the Southern Song Dynasty,Chan Buddhism historical materials included many sages from the current dynasty.Therefore,this study mainly examines how the genealogy of Chan Buddhism eccentric monks was constructed in Song Dynasty Chan Buddhism lamp records,including quotations,and organizes the images of eccentric monks in the Song Dynasty,as written in Chan Buddhism historical materials,in order that the meaning of existence of these enlightened masters,sages,saints,etc.,included in the genealogy of Song Dynasty eccentric monks in the history of Chan Buddhism can be reflected.

The Impact of Contextual Teaching Method on Sichuan Folk Song Education and Students’Musical Expressiveness

This study explores the application of the contextual teaching method in Sichuan folk song education and its impact on students’musical expressiveness.By incorporating contextual teaching methods in music classes,this research investigates the effectiveness of this approach in enhancing students’understanding of Sichuan folk songs and improving their musical expressiveness and emotional expression.A mixed-method research approach is employed,utilizing classroom observations,questionnaires,interviews,and statistical analysis to assess the practical outcomes of contextual teaching in folk song education.

太白Song木根皮的三萜皂甙成分研究

从太原song木（Sralia taibaiensis Z.Z.Wang et H.C.Zheng)根皮中首次分离得到四个三萜皂甙，根据理化性质和光谱数据，分别鉴定为齐墩果酸－3－O－[β－D－吡喃木糖1－→2）][β-D-吡喃葡萄糖（1→3)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸甙（1），tarasaponin V(2),3-O-{[β-D-吡喃木糖（1→2）][β-D-吡喃葡萄糖（1→3）]-β-D吡喃葡萄糖醛酸乙酯}－齐墩果酸－28－O－β－D－吡喃葡萄糖甙（3）和3－O－{[β=D 吡喃木糖（1→2)][β－D吡喃葡萄糖（1→）]-β-D吡喃葡萄糖醛酸丁酯}－齐墩果酸28－O－β－D－吡喃葡萄糖甙（4），1为新天然产物，3和4为新化合物，分别命名为太白Song木皂甙VI（taibaienoside VI),太白Song木皂甙Ⅶ（taibaienosideⅦ)和太白Song木皂甙Ⅷ（taibaienosideⅧ)。

Aspect Level Songs Rating Based Upon Reviews in English

With the advancements in internet facilities,people are more inclined towards the use of online services.The service providers shelve their items for e-users.These users post their feedbacks,reviews,ratings,etc.after the use of the item.The enormous increase in these reviews has raised the need for an automated system to analyze these reviews to rate these items.Sentiment Analysis(SA)is a technique that performs such decision analysis.This research targets the ranking and rating through sentiment analysis of these reviews,on different aspects.As a case study,Songs are opted to design and test the decision model.Different aspects of songs namely music,lyrics,song,voice and video are picked.For the reason,reviews of 20 songs are scraped from YouTube,pre-processed and formed a dataset.Different machine learning algorithms—Naïve Bayes(NB),Gradient Boost Tree,Logistic Regression LR,K-Nearest Neighbors(KNN)and Artificial Neural Network(ANN)are applied.ANN performed the best with 74.99%accuracy.Results are validated using K-Fold.

Local and range-wide distribution of song types suggest Ovenbirds(Seiurus aurocapilla)have song neighborhoods but not macro-dialects

The song systems of oscine passerines(songbirds)are complex and diverse.Because songs are used for both mate attraction and territory defense and are therefore important signals for survival and reproduction,comprehensive knowledge of within and among species song structure and distribution is informative for understanding the evolution of song repertoires and vocal behaviour.In this study,we explored variation in the song structure of the Ovenbird(Seiurus aurocapilla),a widespread warbler(Family Parulidae)found in North American forests.We analyzed recordings from the 2021 breeding season to assess song type variation at a local(n=158 birds;Sault Ste.Marie,ON)and breeding range scale(n=512 birds;eBird).We characterized the local song types and tested whether Ovenbirds share song types with their neighbors more often than expected by chance.We then characterized song types of Ovenbirds across the breeding range to determine whether any geographic pattern of song clustering exists(i.e.,macro-dialects).We found 10 distinct song types and some evidence for song type clustering at the local study site(i.e.,song neighborhoods).We found 7 of those 10 song types throughout the breeding range and identified an additional 24 types that were not recorded in our local population.We found no evidence for song dialects across the Ovenbird breeding range.This study contributes to our understanding of Ovenbird song while simultaneously adding to our understanding of geographic structuring of warbler repertoires.Our work contributes to delineating a more comprehensive understanding of factors affecting dialect development for this diverse group of songbirds.

Heterogeneity in song rates in the Collared Flycatcher(Ficedula albicollis)explained with the availability parameter in generalized N-mixture models:Its importance for abundance estimates in avian aural counts

Binomial N-mixture models are commonly applied to estimate abundance unaffected by imperfect detection,but are known to be sensitive to violations of assumptions.One of the model’s assumptions,the independence of detections has rarely been tested.It requires that during a survey,detection of one individual does not affect detection of another individual.This assumption can be frequently violated in passerine birds,which exhibit territorial behaviour by singing,since neighbouring individuals are likely to motivate each other to vocalize,leading to non-independence in singing activity and in the following detection rate.Here,we explored this phenomenon with the generalized,binomial version of the N-mixture model,where detection probability is decomposed into availability probability φ-which can be interpreted as per capita song rate or the probability of vocalising-and actual detection probability p,given vocalisations take place.Using repeated counts of the Collared Flycatcher(Ficedula albicollis)as a case study,and treating the maximum observed counts C_(maxi) at a site i as an explanatory covariate for φ,we showed that per capita song rates increased with observed counts at a site.Hence,if song rates vary due to local abundance,including C_(maxi)as an explanatory variable for song rate addressed with φ,helps to explain this variation(which otherwise goes undetected)and improves inferences under the model.This had strong effects on the resulting abundance estimates:if this relationship was ignored in the models,total estimated population sizes were consequently lower by as much as 22-27%,compared to when this effect was included.Since it is likely that song rates may commonly be density-dependent in birds manifesting territorial behaviours by singing,further tests addressing violations of independence assumptions in these models are needed.As suggested by Kery and Royle(2016),despite some form of circularity likely being involved,modelling heterogeneity in the detection process with the help of C_(maxi)in standard N-mixture models(which,given availability,conflate availability with detection in a single parameter)should be applicable as well.

Reacting to Epidemics:The Innovative Imperial Public Health System during the Late Northern Song Dynasty

Song China was a period in which China experienced a great increase in its population.Concurrently,the Song dynasty also experienced a rise in the frequency of epidemics and two major wars with the Western Xia and Liao dynasties during the 1000s and 1040s.The consequences of these changes were exacerbated by the increased geographical mobility of certain social groups such as traders and examinees attending civil service examinations.Thus,casualties of wars,epidemics,or disease,especially of people whose families were far away and could not care for them were left without care and“their corpses often lay bare along the roads.”This new social environment created a need for general relief.The Northern Song government(960-1127 CE),especially during the reign of Emperor Huizong,established an innovative public health system to address this issue.The public health system included poorhouses,public hospitals,and pauper’s cemeteries.The first were more of charity organizations,whereas the latter two promoted public health by providing medical services for the poor and burial for those that nobody cared for.In terms of rationale behind these institutions,on the one hand,they constituted an attempt to get the poor and homeless off the streets while providing them relief or burial.On the other hand,it seems that Huizong’s deep concern with medicine propelled him to design and implement a comprehensive public health system oriented to prevent contagion and outbreak of epidemics.This article depicts the background,the organization,and the functions of the system.The article also discusses the conditions and reasons that gave rise to such a unique undertaking by the Northern Song government.

Comparison of“Song to the Men of England”With“Large Rat”of Book of Songs From the Approach of New Criticism

New Criticism is an important theory in deciphering poetry.With the help of New Criticism,the meanings and the charms of the poetry are shown.“Song to the Men of England”and“Large Rat”are from different countries with the same emotions of accusing the cruelty of the exploiter and the miserable life of the exploited.However,“Song to the Men of England”is full of hatred to the exploiter,hoping to destroy the society.Nevertheless,the exploited of“Large Rat”keep the hope of moving to a new free land.The two poems show different characteristics of Englishmen and Chinese.

Cultural Duplicity:The Social Poetic Nature of Folk Songs and Their Discourse

There is a close relationship between the folk songs and the earth bound society in China,bearing functions of load transfer,expression,dissemination of information,and beauty aspiration,etc.Folk songs are mainly presented through voice and thus possess powerful cultural duplicity,which rightly represents the social poetic quality that both the local residents and the nation-state need to take advantage of.A flexible space of co-existence is thus provided with for both of them.

Research on the Application of Chinese-Style Songs in the Field of Chinese Second Language Teaching

In recent years,traditional Chinese culture has been continuously revived,integrated into the times and entered people’s daily lives.Chinese-style songs,as a combination of traditional cultural connotations and emerging song forms,have gradually emerged on the music stage in China and even around the world.In the field of teaching Chinese as a second language,the research on teaching Chinese songs has received increasing attention.This article combines the theory of the association between music and language to summarize the research results of Chinese-style songs and their application in the field of teaching Chinese as a second language in the past 30 years.The current research problems are discussed,and suggestions are proposed in order to provide some reference value for teaching Chinese as a second language.

Intertextuality in“The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock”

T.S.Eliot was a leader of the Modernist movement in poetry.His early poem The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock reveals the disappointment,loss,confusion and lack of faith that prevailed in Western society after the World WarⅠ.In this paper,the text of Love Song will be assessed from the perspective of intertextuality through the connection of the fantasy world and the disconnection of the real world.

Doctor Song Fuyin's Experience in Treating Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Based on Qi,Blood Essence and Spirit Syndrome Differentiation Stage Classification

The paper systematically summarizes the experience of Director Song Fuyin in treating Hashimoto's thyroiditis which is a typical emotional disease that causes obvious changes in organ morphology and endocrine and body fluid metabolism.It belongs to the category of psychosomatic diseases,and is the embodiment of a series of pathogenesis processes of qi disease,blood disease,essence disease and deformation in TCM theory.The whole course of the disease is dominated by the dialectical relationship of mutual influence,mutual control,mutual root and mutual use among the deity disease,qi disease,blood disease,essence and spiritual disease.Therefore,the treatment emphasizes the dialectical relationship based on qi,blood,essence and spirit.At the beginning,the treatment focuses on regulating qi and clearing heat and eliminating phlegm;at the middle stage,the treatment focuses on replenishing essence and promoting yang and eliminating wind and calming the deity;at the late stage,the treatment focuses on replenishing qi and eliminating phlegm and promoting collages.Flexible use of calming the spirits,regulating qi,dispersing essence,eliminating phlegm,promoting blood and other methods of stage classification treatment,can be targeted,improve the cure rate of the disease.This article aims to clarify the experience of Director Song Fuyin in treating Hashimoto's thyroiditis based on syndrome differentiation of qi,blood essence and spirit.

A Feasible Approach for Automatic Detection and Recognition of the Bengalese Finch Songnotes and Their Sequences

The Bengalese finch song has been widely studied for its unique features and similarity to human language. For com-putational analysis the songs must be represented in songnote sequences. An automated approach for this purpose is highly desired since manual processing makes human annotation cumbersome, and human annotation is very heu-ristic and easily lacks objectivity. In this paper, we propose a new approach for automatic detection and recognition of the songnote sequences via image processing. The proposed method is based on human recognition process to visually identify the patterns in a sonogram image. The songnotes of the Bengalese finch are dependent on the birds and similar pattern does not exist in two different birds. Considering this constraint, our experiments on real birdsong data of different Bengalese finch show high accuracy rates for automatic detection and recognition of the songnotes. These results indicate that the proposed approach is feasible and generalized for any Bengalese finch songs.

Individual identification on the basis of the songs of the Asian Stubtail(Urosphena squameiceps)

We analyzed the songs of the Asian Stubtail (Urosphena squameiceps),a migratory passerine that breeds in northeast Asia.The possibility of individual identification of this species by songs was examined in a population in northern China during the breeding season of 2010.Individuality was determined using discriminant function analysis,artificial neural networks and spectrographic cross-correlation.Our results show that,the rate of correct classification is satisfactory in this species,regardless of methods.From an applied perspective,spectrographic cross-correlation is most suitable.Besides its maximum rate of correct classification (89.4％),it does not require measurements of spectrograms,which is a necessity other methods and may introduce artificial errors.We hope that our result of individual identification on the basis of acoustic signals may open up a new research venue for this species.

功能语法视角下英诗汉译的动静对比——以Pippa's Song及其汉译本为例

运用韩礼德功能语法的及物性分析方法,从原诗与译本的过程、参与者、环境等功能成分来分析维多利亚时代著名诗人罗伯特·布朗宁(Robert·Browning)的Pippa's Song及其两个汉译本中的及物性,可以呈现英诗及其对应汉译的动静状态。分析结果表明,在及物系统视角下刘正译本比宗白译本更忠实于原诗,更能够体现原诗的静态之美,因而说明及物性系统分析可以作为英诗汉译的一种评价标准。

Teaching English in the song of music：Toward a systemic framework for using English songs in EFL teaching

Guided by dialectical systemic thinking, this paper proposes a systemic framework for using English songs in EFL teaching. It first provides the philosophical, linguistic, psychological, pedagogical, and empirical bases for such an approach, then outlines the major processes in selecting and preparing English songs in lesson planning, and demonstrates the main procedures and aspects of using songs in classroom activities. It argues that the application of this approach will immediately stimulate the learners＇ interest in EFL learning and enhance the efficiency of EFL teaching.

基于SONG相关的相位编码联合变换相关识别

为了提高光学联合变换相关识别的综合性能,提出一种基于SONG相关的参考图像相移相位编码条纹调制畸变不变联合变换相关器。该相关器引入SONG相关技术和SDF方法,具有更加突出的抑制干扰信号能力、抗噪声性能和多目标识别能力,通过修正SDF的约束条件,当输入图像存在多个畸变目标时,能够较好地实现相关输出的畸变不变性。仿真实验结果表明:当输入图像受到非覆盖性背景噪声影响时,该相关器在整个测试噪声强度区间内输出相关峰强度和峰噪比分别是引入SONG相关技术前的1.87～5.16倍和1.88～5.19倍,其平均偏差量能够基本维持在0.04以下;当输入图像受到替换噪声影响时,该相关器在大部分测试噪声强度区间内都能给出较高的相关峰强度和峰噪比,在噪声强度不高于0.4时,其平均偏差量能够低于0.1。