Impacts of Agricultural Non-point Pollution on Water-source Area in Songhua Dam

[Objective] The aim was to research impacts of agricultural non-point pol- lution on water-source region in Songhua Dam, laying foundation for control of water pollution and scientific protection of water-source region. [Method] Water in Muyang River, lengshui River and Zizania aquatica region were sampled to measure content of pollutants in water and conclude relation between water contamination and agri- cultural non-point pollution to find the major cause of pollution. [Result] Organic pollu- tant in Muyang River was higher; N and P contents in Lengshui River were higher; the measured indices in Zizania aquatica region excessively exceeded related stan- dard. [Conclusion] The chemical fertilizers and pesticides are the toxic materials lead- ing to water contamination and constitute a major cause of pollution in Songhua Dam water-source region. Agricultural non-point pollution should be controlled in a scientific way.

冷水河水化学特征枯汛期对比

基于盘龙江支流冷水河的Ca^(2+)、HCO3^-、F^-、Cl^-、NO2^-、NO3^-、SO4^(2-)、pH、EC、有机碳、无机碳、温度等理化参数,运用Pearson相关系数法、Piper三线图等方法,探讨冷水河水化学枯汛期变化特征。河水阴离子以HCO3^-、SO4^(2-)等为主,Ca^(2+)、HCO3^-与EC、无机碳等正相关显著,与pH、T负相关显著;SO4^(2-)与Cl^-正相关显著,与HCO3^-负相关显著。HCO3^-、Ca^(2+)、有机碳、SO4^(2-)等浓度枯水期高于汛水期,NO3^-则反之。汛水期,温度和SO4^(2-)浓度呈微增趋势,有机碳、无机碳和F^-、Cl^-、NO2^-、NO3^-等浓度与水源泉十分接近;枯水期沿流程离子浓度变化相对稳定,与水源泉水相近。冷水河水化学变化与气候条件、土地利用、分散和集中补给等多种因素有关。

松华坝水库流域景观格局及其动态变化研究

自1981年松华坝水源保护区建立以来,通过封山育林、人工造林等措施,流域内灌木林→有林地、荒草地→灌木林的转移明显,9年间有林地的面积增加了59.78%;通过有选择地退耕还林,流域的中下游是退耕还林重点区域,同时为了满足耕地的需求,流域的中上游部分灌木林被开垦为旱地;从数量和空间上看,整个流域的景观格局变化向好的方向发展.但从景观指数的观点看,整个流域的景观格局向不利的方向发展.最终得出目前松花坝水库流域存在的问题,即注重数量却忽视了景观质量,反映了整个流域在治理时缺乏合理的规划.