Co-treatment with surfactant and sonication signifi cantly improves Agrobacterium-mediated resistant bud formation and transient expression efficiency in soybean

Soybean is a widely planted genetically modified crop around the world. However, it is still one of the most recalcitrant crops for genetic transformation due to the difficulty of regeneration via organogenesis and some factors that affect the transformation efficiency. The percentages of resistant bud formation and transient expression efficiency are important indexes reflecting the regeneration and transformation efficiency of soybean. In this study, the percentages of resistant bud formation and transient expression of 13-glucuronidase （GUS） were compared after treatment with sonication or surfactant and co-treatment with both. The results showed that treatment with either sonication or surfactant increased the percentage of resistant bud formation and transient expression efficiency. The highest percentages were acquired and significantly improved when cotyledon node explants were co-treated with sonication for 2 s and surfactant at 0.02% （v：v） using two different soybean genotypes, Jack and Zhonghuang 10. The improved transformation efficiency of this combination was also evaluated by development of herbicide-tolerant soybeans with transformation efficiency at 2.5-5.7% for different geno- types, which was significantly higher than traditional cotyledonary node method in this study. These results suggested that co-treatment with surfactant and sonication significantly improved the percentages of resistance bud formation, transient expression efficiency and stable transformation efficiency in soybean.

Isolation of protein from Chlorella sorokiniana CY1 using liquid biphasic flotation assisted with sonication through sugaring-out effect

Microalgae,a sustainable source of multi beneficial components has been discovered and could be utilised in pharmaceutical,bioenergy and food applications.This study aims to investigate the sugaring-out effect on the recovery of protein from wet green microalga,Chlorella sorokiniana CY1 which was assisted with sonication.A comparison of monosaccharides and disaccharides as one of the phaseforming constituents shows that the monosaccharides,glucose was the most suitable sugar in forming the phases with acetonitrile to enhance the production of protein(52% of protein).The protein productivity of microalgae was found to be significantly influenced by the volume ratio of both phases,as the yield of protein increased to 77%.The interval time between the sonication as well as the sonication modes were influencing the protein productivity as well.The optimum protein productivity was obtained with 10s of resting time in between sonication.Pulse mode of sonication was suitable to break down the cell wall of microalgae compared to continuous mode as a lower protein yield was obtained with the application of continuous mode.The optimum condition for protein extraction were found as followed:200g/L glucose as bottom phase with volume ratio of 1:1.25,10s of resting time for ultrasonication,5s of ultrasonication in pulse mode and 0.25g of biomass weight.The high yield of protein about 81% could be obtained from microalgae which demonstrates the potential of this source and expected to play an important role in the future.

Extraction of agar from Eucheuma cottonii and Gelidium amansii seaweeds with sonication pretreatment using autoclaving method

The effect of sonication pretreatment condition on Eucheuma cottonii and Gelidium amansii seaweed towards agar extraction wae studied.Four parameters were changed during sonication to investigate the effects on agar yield and quality.These parameters include the time interval,concentration ratio,frequency,and intensity.The highest amount of agar extracted from Eucheuma cottonii species could be obtained from the time interval of 30min,seaweed weight to solvent volume ratio of 1:20,the frequency of 35Hz,and the sonication power intensity of 30%.For Gelidium amansii species,the best agar yield also could be obtained from the time interval of 30 min,1:20 of seaweed weight to water volume ratio,the frequency of 35Hz,and power intensity of 30%.From the experiment,sonication pretreatment signifi cantly influenced the yield and properties of extracted agar.The sonication with autoclaved seaweed produced agar containing less sulfate content,which is an excellent chemical property for gel electrophoresis applications.The gelstrength of sonication with autoclaving for both seaweeds,Eucheuma and Gelidium species was the highest among those by sonication with direct heating,which proved that sonication pretreatment with autoclaving could enhance the physical properties of the agar.

Syntheses of α-Hydroxyarylacetic Acids in the Presence of Different Phase Transfer Catalysts Under Sonication

The syntheses of α-hydroxyarylacetic acids with a good yield in the presence of different phase transfer catalysts (PTC) under sonication were studied. The results obtained are superior to those by other similar methods. The data show that β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) is more efficient than other PTC. The preliminary reaction conditions are also discussed.

Characterization of Zinc Passive Film by Sonication in 7 M KOH Solution

The influence of 40 kHz ultrasound radiation on the passivation behavior of zinc in 7 M KOH is presented. The results of potentiodynamic and potentiostatic measurements combined with the current oscillation caused by the irradiation were examined to explain the mechanism and the sequence of formation of the oxide films during passivation. In this study, sonication was also used to investigate both effects of the passivation duration and passivation potential on the structure of the oxide layers; the adherence of the layers was found to depend strongly on both parameters. Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray （SEM-EDX） analysis of the zinc surface provided complementary information on the oxide layer composition and structure.

Effect of Mild Sonication Conditions on the Attributes of <i>Lactobacillus delbrueckii</i>ssp. <i>bulgaricus</i>LB-12

Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus is a widely used bacterium for the production of some fermented dairy products. Mild sonication intensity condition is a non-destructive technique that uses sound waves to cause cavitation in aqueous solutions and may improve the permeability of membranes, speed up the transfer of substrates and promote cellular growth and propagation. The objective was to determine the effect of mild sonication intensities at different temperatures on growth, bile tolerance and protease activity of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus LB-12. The treatments were four sonication intensities (8.07, 14.68, 19.83 and 23.55 W/cm2) randomized at three different temperatures (4℃, 22℃ and 40℃). The energy input (1500 J) was kept constant in all treatments. Control samples did not receive any sonication treatment. Growth and bile tolerance were determined every 2 h for 12 h of incubation. Protease activity was determined at 0, 12 and 24 h. Mild sonication conditions included 1) mild sonication intensities, 2) temperatures and 3) times, all three of which played a role in influencing the desirable attributes of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus LB-12. Of all the mild sonication intensities studied, 14.68 W/cm2 had the best overall influence at certain time points forimproving the bile tolerance and growth at 4℃ and protease activity at 40℃. Mild sonication intensity of 23.55 W/cm2 had the best overall influence at certain time points for protease activity of at 22℃. Some mild sonication conditions could be recommended for improvement of some characteristics of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus LB-12.

Formation of graphene oxide from carbon rods of zinc-carbon battery wastes by audiosonic sonication assisted by commercial detergent

This study aims to determine the effect of audiosonic sonication in normal modes on the formation of graphene oxide(GO)fromcarbon rods of zinc-carbon(ZnC)battery wastes.The method used in this study was sonication with an audiosonic frequency in normal modes,assisted by a surfactant solution derived from a commercial detergent.A graphite-detergent solutionwas exposed to audiosonicwaves using a frequency of 170 Hz for 3 hwith a pattern on the surface of the solution.The graphite solution was a mixture of 0.8 g of graphite powder and 100 ml of distilled water that was mixed using a blender for 2 min.25 ml of the solution was then taken and dripped with two drops of detergent solution containing 0.2 g detergent powder dissolved into 100 ml distilled water,so that a graphite-detergent solutionwas obtained.The tools used in this study included UV–Visible spectroscopy(UV–Vis),Fourier TransformInfraRed spectroscopy(FTIR),and a Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM).The solution that was audiosonicated showed a strong visible nodal pattern on its surface.The UV–Vis spectroscopy produced absorbance peaks at wavelengths of 225 nmand 270 nm,and the FTIR indicated the presence of OH and C_C functional groups,which suggested the existence of GO.The SEMimages showed GO in the formof coral-like materials.

Elucidate the impact of particulates on aqueous pollutant sonication

The potential inhibition of particulates on sonication of aqueous pollutants was investigated. Sonodegradation of bromobenzene, bromophenolate ion, and 2,4,5-trichlorobiphenyl were studied in the presence of various types of particulates suspended in water. Particulates of three different diameters (10 nm, 15 μm, and 35 μm) and two types (silica and polyaromatic resin) were investigated over a wide range of concentrations (0.05 g/L to 10 g/L). The results demonstrated that particulates inhibited sonication only when the target compound sorbed on the solid during sonication and could not partition into cavitation bubbles. The inhibition of the sorbed molecules was almost complete, and relatively independent of the particle concentration within certain ranges. However, the complexity of sonochemistry and particulate-solute matrices precludes a simple universal prediction of the inhibition extent.

Effects of Sonication Processing on the Behavior of the Synthesis Human Serum Albumin-SPIONs Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles

This paper reports the most prominent contributions in the field of biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles from poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) used as a protein/drug delivery. We use a combination of Human Serum Albumin (HSA)-superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) loaded PLGA nanoparticles. To obtain protein stabilization, the optimization of each step of synthesis nanoparticle is required. One of the most common problems in encapsulating protein to PLGA nanoparticles is the presence of several challenges as a problem of instability. We explained how the effect of the various sonication processing on the synthesis HSA-SPIONs loaded PLGA nanoparticles would be one of the crucial parameters for stability.

Optimization of Sonication Process for High Newcastle Disease Virus （NDV） Titer

Cell disruption focuses on obtaining a desired bioproduct within a cell, and it is the cell wall that must be disrupted to allow access to the contents of the cell. In animal cells, the plasma membrane is the only barrier separating cell contents from the environment. Sound waves from sonication, a mechanical technique for cell disintegration, have been used to disrupt as well as to aggregate cells as a step towards purification of a desired bioproduct. In the present study, an improved sonication process for the high yield of Newcastle disease virus （NDV） propagated in tissue culture was described. DF-I cell was cultured in 25cm^2 T flask. When cells were about 80% confluent, a lentogenic strain of NDV （F strain） was used to infect the cell monolayer. With evident cytopathic effect, cells were subjected to cycles of freeze-thaw before sonicating with varying combinations of amplitude, temperature and time. Cells were sonicated using a water bath Sonicator, Jac Ultrasonic 1505 JEIO TECH 4 KHz. From ANOVA analysis, a significant interaction between sonication time and amplitude was observed. This also corresponds to the highest F value observed.

Influence of “Mild” Sonication Conditions on the Characteristics of <i>Streptococcus thermophilus</i>ST-M5

Mild sonication intensity is an acoustic energy which involves the conversion of electrical signal into a physical vibration modifying the permeability of the cell plasma membrane. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of mild sonication intensities at different temperatures on growth, bile tolerance and protease activity of Streptococcus thermophilus. The treatments were four mild sonication intensities (8.07, 14.68, 19.83 and 23.55 W/cm2) randomized at three different temperatures (4°C, 22°C and 40°C). The energy input (1500 J) was kept constant in all treatments. Control samples did not receive any sonication treatment. Growth and bile tolerance were determined every two hours for 12 h of incubation. Protease activity was determined at 0, 12 and 24 h. Mild sonication conditions included a) mild sonication intensities, b) temperatures and c) times, all three of which played a role in influencing the desirable attributes of Streptococcus salivarius ssp. thermophilus ST-M5. Of all the mild sonication intensities studied, 14.68 W/cm2 had the best overall influence at certain time points for improving bile tolerance and growth at 4°C, growth at 22°C and bile tolerance and growth at 40°C of Streptococcus salivarius ssp. thermophilus ST-M5. Mild sonication intensity of 23.55 W/cm2 had the overall best influence at certain time points for protease activity of Streptococcus salivarius ssp. thermophilus ST-M5 at 40°C. Streptococcus thermophilus ST-M5 pretreatment with some mild sonication conditions can be recommended for improvement of some of its characteristics.

Increased Detection of Polymicrobial Infections by Sonication and Significance of Prosthesis Design and Fixation Technique in Cases of Low-Grade PJI, a Retrospective Study

Introduction: Low-grade PJI remains a diagnostic dilemma in the medical community. It is mainly caused by low-virulent bacteria that cause chronic infection. This is mainly due to the formation of biofilms on the implant surface. This biofilm formation poses a diagnostic challenge that causes difficulties in the microbiological diagnosis of the infection by conventional culture methods. Sonication culture of implants has proven to be useful for biofilm forming bacteria. Therefore, we examined the evaluation of low-grade PJI using sonication culture methods and searched for influencing factors. The methods: Between October 2016 and November 2019 we retrospectively examined adult patients with suggestive clinical and laboratory findings of low-grade PJI. The patient's medical history, demographic information, prosthesis type, laboratory findings and length of hospital stay were collected. The results of the microbiological culture were divided into the results of the conventional preoperative and intraoperative culture method and the results of the sonication. In addition, laboratory chemical diagnostics of the joint punctures and CRP determination were performed. Additionally, the influence of prosthesis design and fixation technique, with and without cement, was investigated. The Results: Fifty-two patients with a mean age of 70.5 years were included in this study. The female population was more frequently affected. The most frequently affected joints were hip and knee. A higher percentage of pathogen detection was found at sonication with 60% of positive cultures, compared to 52% of intraoperative and 40% of preoperative conventional positive culture findings. The majority of patients were monomicrobial infections, with Staphylococcus epidermidis being the most frequently detected etiologic pathogen. The sonication culture was best able to detect a polymicrobial infection in 14% of cases compared to 6% of intraoperative and 4% of preoperative conventional cultures. Patients with a polymicrobial infection showed higher CRP values (P = 0.0172) and longer hospitalization (P = 0.0017) than monomicrobial infected patients. The results of the intraoperative conventional culture showed the highest congruence with the results of the sonication culture (concordance of 79%) compared to the preoperative culture. An infectious histopathological classification confirmed the microbiological ultrasound findings in 69% of cases with an infectious category. Cemented fixation showed a trend towards less positive microbiological findings, and total hip arthroplasty showed the highest detection of bacteria by sonication culture compared to bicondylar surface knee replacement (P = 0.0072). Conclusion: The sonication culture proved to be an important microbiological diagnostic tool, especially for the detection of polymicrobial infections in cases of low-grade PJI. This method has an established place in the diagnosis of low-grade PJI. The prosthesis design and the cemented fixation technique seem to have an influence on the detection of bacteria.

不同方法对根管内氢氧化钙去除效果的micro-CT评价

目的:应用显微CT(micro-computed tomography,micro-CT)建立磨牙根管模型,评价不同方法对氢氧化钙的清除效率。方法:收集2023年10月—2024年2月口腔综合科门诊拔除的11颗磨牙(24个根管),按照标准根管治疗流程,镍钛器械预备完成后,在根管内置入氢氧化钙,1周后,根据不同冲洗方法将样本随机分为侧方开口注射器组、超声荡洗组(EMS组)和声波震荡组(EDDY组)等3组(n=8)。冲洗前后使用micro-CT重建根管系统并使用不同颜色标记独立根管,计算各个根管氢氧化钙体积,比较各组氢氧化钙清除率。采用SPSS 19.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果:3种方法均无法完全去净根管内氢氧化钙。使用次氯酸钠作为冲洗液时,超声荡洗和声波震荡清除效果优于侧方开口冲洗器(P<0.05);超声荡洗和声波震荡去除氢氧化钙效率相当,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);氢氧化钙残留部位集中于根尖区。结论:Micro-CT能较为高效地重建磨牙根管模型,可用于评价氢氧化钙去除效果。超声荡洗组和声波震荡组清除氢氧化钙效率相当,优于侧方开口注射器组。

小型猪乳磨牙胚SHH的时空表达

目的本研究通过探索SHH在小型猪第三乳磨牙胚的帽状期、钟状期和分泌期的时空表达情况,拟阐明SHH在牙齿发育调控中的作用。方法收集小型孕猪第三乳磨牙胚,通过原位杂交、免疫组化和实时聚合酶链反应检测SHH的m RNA和蛋白表达水平。结果原位杂交及免疫组化可见SHH在帽状期少量表达于成釉器,但在釉结部位表达较强。在钟状期,SHH在间充质中表达明显增强;在分泌期,SHH在间充质和成釉器中都有所表达,尤其在成牙本质细胞和内釉上皮细胞中表达增强。PCR结果显示,在钟状期,SHH在上皮中表达较多,而在帽状期和分泌期,SHH在上皮和间充质中的表达未见明显统计学差异。结论SHH可能在调节上皮形态发育方面具有重要功能,参与调节信号级联,介导上皮和间充质之间的相互作用,本研究进一步完善了小型猪牙齿发育的信号分子网络。

70%乙醇去除弯曲根管内氢氧化钙的效果评价

目的:应用显微CT(micro-computed tomography,Micro-CT)评价不同冲洗液联合声波荡洗对后牙弯曲根管内氢氧化钙的清除效率。方法:收集2023年10月—2024年2月在上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院口腔综合科门诊拔除的磨牙20颗(根管数n=48),按照根管治疗标准流程,使用镍钛器械完成预备后,在根管内置入氢氧化钙。1周后,根据不同冲洗方法将样本随机分入6组(n=8),即先分为次氯酸钠组、17%EDTA组和70%乙醇组3组,每组再分为使用或不使用声波荡洗2个亚组。冲洗前、后使用Micro-CT重建根管系统,使用不同颜色标记独立根管,计算根管各段氢氧化钙体积,比较各组氢氧化钙清除率。采用SPSS 19.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果:6组均无法去净根管内氢氧化钙,70%乙醇组去除氢氧化钙后剩余体积显著小于其余2组(P<0.05)。在乙醇亚组内,声波震荡组与注射器组去除效率无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:70%乙醇能增加弯曲根管内氢氧化钙去除效率。

基于2D-VMD的偶极阵列声波测井反射波提取方法

偶极远探测声波测井是利用偶极子阵列声波测井仪器接收到的反射波进行井旁构造成像的测井技术,广泛应用于井周远探测储层评价领域,该技术数据处理的关键是从接收到的声波全波列中分离出反射波并进行成像。目前的反射波分离算法虽然实现了波场分离,但存在直达波和反射波的模态混叠问题,分离后的反射波信号能量损失较大。针对这些问题,基于引入的二维变分模态分解(2D-VMD)建立反射波提取新算法,将原始信号分解为多个具有特定方向和振动特性的固有模态分量,然后选取特定的分量进行重构,实现反射波的分离。采用2D-VMD、中值滤波、F-K变换对模拟和实测数据进行反射波提取。结果表明,相比中值滤波、F-K变换,基于2D-VMD的方法能够在有效压制模式波和随机噪声的同时,准确地提取出完整的反射波信号,最大限度保留反射波的幅度。证明了该方法在偶极阵列声波测井反射波提取中的有效性和优越性。

注水开发多段压裂水平井井周裂缝成像监测技术

水平井采油作为油田实现效益开发的一项重要技术,在低渗透油气田得到广泛应用。但随着生产时间延长,受井身结构及注水开发方式影响,水平井见水、水淹造成产能损失问题凸显,严重影响油田经济效益开发。对于这类水平井,缺乏成熟可靠的水平井产层生产状况测试手段,很难准确掌握水平井段主要产水原因及状况。针对这一问题,提出了井周裂缝成像监测技术,利用爬行器输送三维远场声波成像测井仪,实现对注水开发多段压裂见水水平井井周裂缝发育情况的识别,定性判识水平井段主要出水位置、来水方向及出水原因,实现快速精准找堵水,有效恢复油井产能。在长庆油田G平1井的现场应用表明,井周裂缝成像监测技术探测到该井压裂段第5、 6段井筒近端裂缝沟通明显,远场裂缝非常发育,为见水优势通道,该结果与流体扫描成像产剖测试解释结果吻合,验证了该技术的适应性。井周裂缝成像监测技术实现了精准判识出水层段及剩余油挖潜的主力层段,解决了管外窜流、层内窜流不清及后期堵水、剩余油挖潜方向不明确的难题。

两种复合树脂与牙本质剪切粘接强度的比较

目的在离体牙牙本质上涂布粘接剂后分别予以声波技术充填Sonicfill树脂及分层充填P60树脂,评估应用两种复合树脂与牙本质的剪切粘接强度。方法选择因牙周病拔除的磨牙40颗,制成40个牙本质试件,随机分为2组。A组为Sonicfill树脂组,B组为P60树脂组。每组涂布粘接剂后,A组采用声波技术充填树脂,B组采用分层技术充填树脂。经过循环温度为5℃及55℃的冷热循环疲劳试验,每个循环为3 min,共循环500次后,测试2组的剪切粘接强度(Shear Bond Strength,SBS)。结果A组的SBS为(10.32±1.13)MPa,B组的SBS为(8.43±0.98)MPa,两者差别有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论运用声波技术的Sonicfill树脂充填体相比采用分层充填的P60树脂拥有更高的剪切粘接强度。因此,在修复过程中使用声波充填技术不亚于传统分层充填树脂,且临床操作时间更短。

考虑配平特性的超声速客机低声爆气动布局优化研究

降低声爆水平是下一代超声速运输机研制需要解决的关键问题之一。低声爆优化通常使飞行器布局向着机翼后掠角增大、机翼沿机身方向分布范围增大的趋势发展,给飞行器的配平和低速特性带来不利影响。以某超声速客机基本构型为研究对象,建立基于类别/形状函数的翼身组合体参数化建模方法;基于超声速线化理论分析外形几何参数对声爆水平的影响。在此基础上,分别针对机身轮廓、机翼平面形状以及扭转角分布对该构型进行低声爆优化和俯仰力矩特性优化,并采用CFD方法对优化结果进行校核。结果表明:与基准构型相比,在不显著增加俯仰力矩的基础上,优化构型的阻力降低了19 cts,近场过压显著降低,地面声爆响度降低5.1 PLdB。

另一个声音,同一个声音——从声音人物、概念人物到节奏人物

人声,向来是一个迷人的哲学主题。从亚里士多德到罗兰·巴特,人声一直被置于声音和意义之间,作为沟通的纽带和转换的环节。在声音人类学的相关研究中,它主要展现为声音人物这个关键的形态。这个概念又与当代哲学有着密切关联,尤其是德勒兹和加塔利在《什么是哲学?》中所阐发的概念人物。在概念人物的哲学创造和声音人物的艺术体验之间,梅西安最早创发的节奏人物这个概念起到了连接的作用。但节奏本就具有肯定与否定这两个不可分割的面向,它既是生命的创造,但同时又面临着死亡的深渊。这两个面向在当代对人声的研究中也有深刻体现。从卡内提到阿甘本,从多勒到声智小组,否定性之人声似乎正在成为数字时代重构主体性的一个强力节奏。