Calculation Energy of Efficiency New Ginning Machine

Having studied the schedule of influence and change of static loading depending on angular an arrangement saw cylinders we have defined the general spent electric energy on the single-chamber two-cylinder gin, by performing of the calculation the energy consumption per one saw with respect to the angular arrangement of the saw cylinder. Also, provide energy audits gin, were performed at Uzbekistan Namangan region cotton gins in ten manufactures.

Transformation optics for efficient calculation of transmembrane voltage induced on cells

We present a novel efficient approach in calculating induced transmembrane voltage(ITV) on cells based on transformation optics. As cell membrane is much thinner than the dimension of a typical cell, discretizing the membrane needs numerous meshes. Using an anisotropic medium based on transformation optics, the thickness of the membrane can be exaggerated by at least one order, which eliminates rigorous mesh refinement and reduces unknowns greatly. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method are verified by a cylindrical cell model. Moreover, the influence on ITV with bound water(BW) layers is also studied. The results show that when cells are exposed to nanosecond electric field, BW layers should be rigorously considered in calculating ITV.

Study on the influence of armature on the efficiency of reluctance accelerator

The armature is an important part affecting the energy conversion efficiency of a reluctance accelerator.In this paper,six kinds of soft magnetic materials are chosen and four structures are designed for the armature.At first,the circuit and magnetic force are theoretically analyzed.Then the armatures with different materials and structures are used in the simulation,and the performances are compared and analyzed.At last,the experiment verifies the theory analysis and simulation design.It is concluded that the saturation flux density and conductivity of the material are the key factors affecting the armature force,and the optimization of armature structure can effectively restrain the eddy current,reduce negative force and improve efficiency.Compared with cutting slits in solid armatures,laminating the sheets radially can reduce the eddy current more efficiently.Although slitting can prevent the eddy current to a certain extent,meanwhile,it will decrease the magnetic force because of the losing of magnetized volume and the surface area.Hence,choosing the high saturation flux density material and making out the armature with radially_laminated sheets will improve the efficiency of the reluctance accelerator.In this paper,the silicon steel radially_laminated armature is a better choice for the armature design of the reluctance accelerator.

The mechanical measuring method of welding heat source efficiency

Based on the principle of residual deformation induced by superposition of the welding residual stress and working stress,the welding heat source efficiency has been determined by measuring displacement changes of specimens under loading and unloading in tensile tests,and combining with calculating welding parameters.Meanwhile,the welding heat source efficiencies obtained are compared with those of the measuring-calculating method.The research results show that the welding heat source efficiencies are almost the same as those obtained by the measuring-calculating method.Therefore,the welding heat source efficiency can be determined accurately by this method,and a new determining method of the heat source efficiency for the welding heat process calculating has been provided.

Production calculation of the second and tertiary recovery combination reservoirs under chemical flooding

Based on the analysis of the production composition of reservoirs developed by the second&tertiary recovery combination(STRC),the relationship between the overall output of the STRC project and the production level during the blank water flooding stage is proposed.According to the basic principle of reservoir engineering that the“recovery factor is equal to sweeping coefficient multiplied by oil displacement efficiency”,the formula for calculating the ultimate oil recovery factor of chemical combination flooding reservoir was established.By dividing the reservoir into a series of grids according to differen-tial calculus thinking,the relationship between the ultimate recovery factor of a certain number of grids and the recovery de-gree of the reservoir was established,and then the variation law of oil production rate of the STRC reservoir was obtained.The concept of“oil rate enlargement factor of chemical combination flooding”was defined,and a production calculation method of reservoir developed by STRC was put forward based on practical oilfield development experience.The study shows that the oil production enhancing effect of STRC increases evenly with the in crease of the ratio of STRC displacement efficiency to water displacement efficiency,and increases rapidly with the increase of the ratio of recovery degree at flooding mode conversion to the water displacement efficiency.STRC is more effective in increasing oil production of reservoir with high recovery degree.Through practical tests of the alkali free binary flooding(polymer/surfactant)projects,the relative error of the oil production calculation method of STRC reservoir is about±10%,which meets the requirements of reservoir engineering.

叶片安放角对微型轴流式水轮机性能的影响

为探究叶片安放角对微型轴流式水轮机水力性能的影响,以一比转数为548的微型轴流式水轮机为研究对象,在不改变其他几何参数的前提下,仅偏置转轮叶片各翼型剖面,得到7个不同叶片安放角的转轮;在试验验证的基础上,通过全流场数值计算,分析了改变叶片安放角对微型轴流式水轮机水力性能的影响.结果表明:随着叶片安放角的减小,在相同流量下水轮机的水头与出力均增大,高效率区域向小流量区域偏移,水轮机可高效运转的范围有一定程度的增大;随着叶片安放角的增大,水轮机的水头与出力减小,高效率区域向大流量区域偏移.适当减小叶片安放角的水轮机能在较大水头(流量)变化范围内维持较好的性能.其中,安放角为-4°的水轮机最高效率达到82.13%,高效率区的范围最大.该研究可为微型轴流式水轮机转轮的设计提供一定参考.

手性钌(Ⅱ)配合物与DNA作用性质的计算研究

理论考察了手性钌(Ⅱ)配合物1和2与DNA作用性质.首先,构建了手性钌(Ⅱ)配合物1、2与DNA对接模型,并对对接模型进行了优化,通过计算得到的手性钌(Ⅱ)配合物1、2与DNA的结合能,解释了手性钌(Ⅱ)配合物1、2与DNA键合力大小次序,即K_(b)(Λ-1)<K_(b)(Δ-1)<K_(b)(Λ-2)<K_(b)(Δ-2).另外,通过计算得到的电子转移活化能及自然电荷解释了手性钌(Ⅱ)配合物1和2裂解DNA的效率次序,即K_(b)(Λ-1)φ(Δ-2)>φ(Λ-1)>φ(Δ-1).最后,通过计算得到的对接模型的分子轨道分析了光裂解DNA的原因.

Experimental and theoretical insight into carbamazepine degradation by chlorine-based advanced oxidation processes:Efficiency,energy consumption,mechanism and DBPs formation

Chlorine has been widely used in different advanced oxidation processes(AOPs)for micropollutants removal.In this study,different chlorine-based AOPs,namely medium pressure(MP)UV/chlorine,low pressure(LP)UV/chlorine,and in-situ chlorination,were compared for carbamazepine(CBZ)removal efficiency,energy consumption,and disinfection by-products(DBPs)formation.All three processes could achieve nearly 100%CBZ removal,while the reaction time needed by in-situ chlorination was double the time required by UV/chlorine processes.The energy consumed per magnitude of CBZ removed(EE/O)of MP UV/chlorine was 13 times higher than that of LP UV/chlorine,and relative to that of in-situ chlorination process.Accordingly,MP and LP UV/chlorine processes generated one to two orders of magnitude more hydroxyl radicals(^(·)OH)and reactive chlorine species(RCS)than in-situ chlorination.Besides,RCS were the dominant reactive species,contributing to 78.3%,75.6%,and 71.6% of CBZ removal in MP,LP UV/chlorine,and in-situ chlorination,respectively.According to the Gibbs free energy barriers between CBZ and RCS/^(·)OH calculated based on density functional theory(DFT),RCS had more reaction routes with CBZ and showed lower energy barrier in the main CBZ degradation pathways like epoxidation and formation of iminostilbene.When applied to secondary wastewater effluent,UV/chlorine and in-situ chlorination produced overall DBPs ranging from 104.77 to 135.41μg/L.However,the production of chlorate during UV/chlorine processes was 15 times higher than that during in-situ chlorination.

空冷岛喷嘴预冷模拟研究

直接空冷岛的换热效果受气温影响严重,为提高夏季高温工况下空冷岛的冷却效果,常采用喷水减温技术。以西北地区某空冷机组为例,采用数值模拟计算分析了喷嘴喷水角度、喷水量和喷水压力对冷却效果的影响。为更好地分析喷嘴喷出的液滴在空间上的发展并量化冷却效果,采用了新的冷却效率。研究结果表明:在本文研究参数内,随着流动距离的增加,冷却效率逐渐提高。喷水量对冷却效率影响最大,喷水量分别为0.48kg/s和1.58kg/s时的冷却效率分别为24.472%和48.071%,冷却效率几乎翻倍,而喷嘴喷水压力的影响稍弱,喷嘴喷水角度影响最小。在调整喷嘴参数时可以着重考虑喷嘴喷水量和喷水压力。

掺氢天然气管网数值仿真轻量化算法

目前针对管网数值仿真算法的优化主要集中在代数方程组的求解上。针对管网流动数值仿真算法提升计算效率方案中缺少针对封闭关系与状态方程的优化,分析了目前优化方案各模块的耗时情况,发现了仿真程序中耗时模块为封闭关系与状态方程求解。最后,结合计算机库函数的缺点以及现代CPU中SIMD (Single Instruction Multiple Data)模型的特点,提出了针对封闭关系与状态方程的轻量化算法,并验证了算法的高效性。研究结果表明:(1)封闭关系与状态方程模型中的耗时原因为直接调用库函数的次幂运算、指数运算、对数运算以及除法运算;(2)由于次幂运算效率远低于其他运算,通过变换消除了模型中几乎所有的次幂运算;(3)利用SIMD指令来计算指数运算与对数运算,实现了在单核CPU上同时计算多个数据的指数与对数,最后通过数学变换将所有除法转换为乘法;(4)轻量化算法加速效果显著,其整体加速比为18,而在状态方程求解模块的加速比更是高达70以上。结论认为,该轻量化算法在不影响计算精度的条件下提高了计算速度,对于提高掺氢天然气管网在线仿真与智能管网的建设具有重要的理论价值和技术支撑。

微波烧结腔电磁场及温度场仿真研究

微波加热作为一种新兴的加热方法,有传统加热无法比拟的优势,被广泛应用于烧结材料等多个领域。但由于微波对烧结物料的作用机理,尤其对微波加热过程的动态仿真和优化设计的系统研究尚不明确,限制了微波烧结技术在更大范围内的推广应用。文章通过对微波谐振腔的仿真研究,计算出高温层和保温层物料在微波谐振腔内的电磁场和温度场分布,分析了物料及高温层、保温层在微波加热过程中温度以及电磁场的动态变化情况,不同烧结位置对微波加热效率及均匀性的影响。通过掌握微波烧结腔中的场分布情况,分析并找出合适的样品烧结位置,取得了更好的烧结效果。

改进高效全局优化算法在船型优化中的应用

船型优化问题的复杂度越来越大,导致昂贵数值计算量越来越大,进而优化成本越来越高,对优化技术提出了更高的要求:精简计算量,降低优化成本。本文针对高效全局优化算法进行研究和开发,对其初始样本点、加点法则以及收敛条件等进行了探讨,采用多种初始样本点数启动优化,采用“期望函数”作为单目标加点法则以及欧氏距离EIM函数作为多目标加点法则,使用遗传算法对加点函数进行寻优精确定位最佳新增样本点,并通过标准优化测试函数进行了验证。为船型优化问题提供了新的思路。

催化裂化三机组能效实时计算与应用

催化裂化装置三机组能效计算影响因素众多、耦合作用强,结合主风机、烟气轮机的动力学、热力学性质以及电机特性,构建了能效计算模型,可实现三机组能效的实时计算。以某催化裂化装置为例,进行了能效计算的验证,并对机组能效的影响因素进行了分析,结果表明:通过设计、操作与维护协同优化,提高有效烟气流量、温度和压力,降低烟机背压,采用高效叶片,减少烟机结垢,优化主风机设计选型等措施均可有效提升三机组能效。

基于“发电先取油”模式的煤炭分级分质应用研究

在“双碳”目标下,碳减排成为能源企业转型发展不可逾越的关键因素。通过对国电电力公司下属17家煤电企业的实地调研,提出“发电先取油”系统整体架构,并进行经济性测算和降碳效果分析。煤炭先作为原料和燃料,把煤炭分级分质与煤电转型、气电调峰、可再生能源消纳耦合成有机整体,有效拓展煤电转型和节能降碳的路径。结果表明:基于“发电先取油”煤炭分级分质应用方式可以为煤炭、电力和碳市场价格建立传导机制、保障煤电生存与发展提供科学依据和参考价值,对于实现“双碳”目标和能源转型具有重要意义。

基于动态规划法的原油管道外输系统运行能耗优化

随着油田的不断开发以及输油设备的长期运行,输油站内机泵、加热炉等耗能设备与输量产生不匹配的现象,致使外输系统整体耗能呈现逐年增涨的趋势。针对上述问题,建立以外输系统总能耗费用为目标函数的原油管道外输系统优化模型,通过外输系统热力水力计算以及约束条件确定外输系统内各站进站参数允许区间进而反算得到外输运行参数方案合集,采用动态规划法通过输油站设备能效计算对输油泵和加热炉的设备组合方案进行优化,选取当前输量下总能耗费用最低的方案作为优化的最优结果。通过此方法对某外输系统进行优化,总能耗费用降低约16%。

基于断裂降维算法的天然气管网瞬态仿真新方法

天然气管网瞬态仿真技术在天然气管网系统调度管理中的作用日益凸显,日益大型化和复杂化的天然气管网对瞬态仿真计算效率提出了更高的要求。为此,提出了基于断裂降维算法的天然气管网瞬态仿真新方法,首先将管网模型抽象为站场模型、站间管网模型以及连接点模型;然后以连接站场和站间管网的连接点压力为基础变量,求解连接点流量的通解,重构站间管网的仿真模型,降低站间管网模型的方程组维度;随后以重构的站间管网仿真模型为基础,构建天然气管网系统瞬态仿真模型;最后分别针对压缩机转速缓慢变化和压缩机快速停机2种工况,对比分析了新算法的计算精度及计算效率。研究结果表明:①断裂降维新算法计算精度较高,压缩机出口压力和用户压力的相对误差均小于0.1%;②断裂降维新算法的计算效率高,与非线性方程组求解方法相比,2种工况下的加速比最快达到了17.3与12.2;③断裂降维新算法的加速比与管网系统瞬态仿真模型的方程组维度呈线性关系,方程组维度越高,加速比越大,即管网模型越复杂,其计算加速效果越明显。结论认为,该新方法在不影响计算精度的条件下提高了计算速度,对于提高复杂天然气管网系统的瞬态仿真计算效率具有重要的理论价值和借鉴意义。

国产民用运输类飞机障碍物限重计算模型优化研究

航空公司使用多年的某国产民用运输类飞机性能软件,在障碍物限重计算准确性方面虽能获得较满意的结果,但计算时间较长,计算效率偏低。首先分析该软件所用计算模型(原模型)计算效率较低的原因,比较优化模型(采用最小改平高计算)和原模型(采用最大改平高计算)的计算结果准确性和计算效率;然后计算不同障碍物、不同风速条件下,两种模型计算出的障碍物限重、改平高度和计算时间,并进行比较分析。结果表明:两种模型计算得到的障碍物限重和改平高度基本相同;无障碍物时,不论有风无风,优化模型比原模型可减少计算时间25%;有障碍物时,无风情况下,优化模型可减少计算时间78%以上,有风时,则可减少计算时间75%以上。即采用最小改平高的模型可以兼顾准确性和高效性。

旋壳转速对腔内液体流动特性的效应

为研究旋壳转速对腔内液体流动特性的影响,以试验旋喷泵为研究对象,在高度验证叶轮与旋壳同步旋转试验与模拟结果准确性的基础上,对叶轮转速相同、旋壳转速不同的5个模型采用RNG k-ε湍流模型进行数值计算,分析腔内液体流动特性的变化情况,研究泵的性能.结果表明:旋壳转速增大,液体圆周速度和旋转系数均增大,圆周速度曲线沿径向逐渐形成同心圆,腔内液体做非刚性旋转.腔内液体径向压力梯度增大,压力低于624 kPa时,旋壳转速越高,压力越小;压力高于624 kPa时,旋壳转速越高,压力越大.集流管迎流区涡分布在进口附近,尾迹区涡集中在扩散段结尾处,整体呈增大趋势.旋壳转速增大,泵的扬程升高,但效率降低,通过改变集流管进口直径发现集流管并非效率降低的主要原因,而是由圆盘摩擦损失的增大导致的,圆盘摩擦损失随旋壳转速增加呈3次幂函数式增大,文中最优进口直径为13 mm.

喷水预冷特性对蒸发冷却性能影响的数值模拟

为改善间接空冷塔在夏季高温环境下的冷却性能,提高火电厂整体效率,基于计算流体力学建立了空冷单元喷水预冷系统的数学模型,分析了喷水预冷特性对空冷塔某一扇区的影响,分别计算了环境特性和喷嘴特征等因素对冷却效率、有效冷却区域的温降和面积的影响。结果表明:随着流动距离的增加,冷却效率逐渐提高;环境风速和空气相对湿度降低以及风温、张角、喷嘴质量流量和喷嘴间距增大均会使冷却效率提高;液滴随空气流动逐渐蒸发,有效冷却区域的面积沿流动方向逐渐增大;有效温降沿着流动方向先因液滴的蒸发而增加,而后因冷却空气与周围空气的传热传质而减小。

湍流燃烧算例在多种CPU平台的模拟性能对比

新型燃烧室研发需要高精度数值模拟及大规模并行计算。几何高保真加上高精度的湍流模型、湍流燃烧模型和化学反应机理等,必需从各方面提升大规模并行计算效率。目前超算平台的浮点运算能力评测并不能完全代表湍流燃烧模拟的实际消耗,因此列举了各计算平台的Linpack测试分数进行参考,采用典型湍流火焰数值模拟对常用的CPU超算平台进行测试,检验并行计算效率,分析结果。湍流燃烧模拟采用自研AECSC软件,结构化网格,对比了Intel、AMD和国产CPU平台。结果表明,超算平台浮点数运算能力和湍流火焰模拟效率不一致,对同一算例的计算时间存在差异;国产超算平台表现优于参考的浮点算力;不同的求解过程有不同的加速比。