Impacts of degrading permafrost on streamflow in the source area of Yellow River on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China

Many observations in and model simulations for northern basins have confirmed an increased streamflow from degrading permafrost,while the streamflow has declined in the source area of the Yellow River(SAYR,above the Tanag hydrological station)on the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,West China.How and to what extent does the degrading permafrost change the flow in the SAYR?According to seasonal regimes of hydrological processes,the SAYR is divided intofour sub-basins with varied permafrost extents to detect impacts of permafrost degradation on the Yellow River streamflow.Results show that permafrost degradation may have released appreciable meltwater for recharging groundwater.The potential release rate of ground-ice melt-water in the Sub-basin 1(the headwater area of the Yellow River(HAYR),above the Huangheyan hydrological station)is the highest(5.6 mm per year),contributing to 14.4%of the annual Yellow River streamflow at Huangheyan.Seasonal/intra-and annual shifts of streamflow,a possible signal for the marked alteration of hydrological processes by permafrost degradation,is observed in the HAYR,but the shifts are minor in other sub-basins in the SAYR.Improved hydraulic connectivity is expected to occur during and after certain degrees of permafrost degradation.Direct impacts of permafrost degradation on the annual Yellow River streamflow in the SAYR at Tanag,i.e.,from the meltwater of ground-ice,is estimated at 4.9%that of the annual Yellow River discharge at Tanag,yet with a high uncertainty,due to neglecting of the improved hydraulic connections from permafrost degradation and the flow generation conditions for the ground-ice meltwater.Enhanced evapotranspiration,substantial weakening of the Southwest China Autumn Rain,and anthropogenic disturbances may largely account for the declined streamflow in the SAYR.

Diversity analysis of soil dematiaceous hyphomycetes from the Yellow River source area:Ⅰ

Twenty-four soil samples of eight ecosystem-types around the Yellow River source area were investigated for the number and specific composition of soil dematiaceous hyphomycetes by dilution plate technique. And then the co-relationship between genus species of soil dematiaceous hyphomycetes and ecosystem-types was analyzed. The results show that the amount and species distribution of soil dematiaceous hyphomycetes had an obvious variability in different ecosystem-types, and that the dominant genus species varied in the eight ecosystem-types studied, with Cladosporium being the dominant genus in seven of the eight ecosystem-types except wetland. The index of species diversity varied in different ecosystem-types. The niche breadth analysis showed that Cladosporium had the highest niche breadth and distributed in all ecosystem-types, while the genera with a narrow niche breadth distributed only in a few ecosystem-types. The results of niche overlap index analysis indicated that Stachybotrys and Torula, Doratomyces and Scolecobasidium, Cladosporium and Chrysosporium had a higher niche overlap, whereas Arthrinium and Gliomastix, Phialophora and Doratomyces, Oidiodendron and Ulocladium had no niche overlap.

Ice-wedge Pseudomorphs Showing Climatic Change Since the Late Pleistocene in the Source Area of the Yellow River, Northeast Tibet

The source area of the Yellow River is located in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, and is a high-elevation region with the annual mean temperature of -3.9℃. The ice-wedge pseudomorphs discovered in this region are recognized as two types. One was found in sandy gravel beds of the second terrace of the Yellow River. This ice-wedge pseudomorph is characterized by higher ratio of breadth/depth, and are 1-1.4 m wide and about 1 m deep. The bottom border of the ice-wedge pseudomorph is round arc in section. Another discovered in the pedestal of the second terrace has lower ratio of width/depth, and is o.3-1.0 m wide and 1-2 m deep. Its bottom border is sharp. Based on the TL dating, the former was formed at the middleHolocene （5.69±0.43 ka BP and 5.43±0.41 ka BP）, that is, the Megathermal, and the latter was formed at the late Last Glacial Maximum （13.49±1.43 ka BP）. Additionally, the thawing-freezing folders discovered in the late Late Pleistocene proluvium are 39.83±3.84 ka BP in age. The study on the ice-wedge pseudomorphs showed that the air temperature was lowered by up to 6-7℃ in the source area of the Yellow River when the ice-wedge pseudomorphs and thawing-freezing folds developed.

Large-scale characteristics of thermokarst lakes across the source area of the Yellow River on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

As significant evidence of permafrost degradation,thermokarst lakes play an important role in the permafrost regions by regulating hydrology,ecology,and biogeochemistry.In the Sources Area of the Yellow River(SAYR),permafrost degradation has accelerated since the 1980s,and numerous thermokarst lakes have been discovered.In this paper,we use Sentinel-2 images to extract thermokarst lake boundaries and perform a regional-scale study on their geometry across the permafrost region in the SAYR.We also explored the spatiotemporal variations and potential drivers from the perspectives of the permafrost,climate,terrain and vegetation conditions.The results showed that there were 47,518 thermokarst lakes in 2021 with a total area of 190.22×106 m^(2),with an average size of 4,003.3 m^(2).The 44,928 ponds(≤10,000 m^(2))predominated the whole lake number(94.1%)but contributed to a small portion of the total lake area(28.8%).With 2,590 features(5.9%),small-sized(10,000 to 100,000 m^(2))and large-sized lakes(>100,000 m^(2))constituted up to 71.2%of the total lake area.Thermokarst lakes developed more significantly in warm permafrost regions than in cold permafrost areas;74.1%of lakes with a total area of 119.6×106 m^(2)(62.9%),were distributed in warm permafrost regions.Most thermokarst lakes were likely to develop within the elevation range of 4,500~4,800 m,on flat terrain(slope<10°),on SE and S aspects and in alpine meadow areas.The thermokarst lakes in the study region experienced significant shrinkage between 1990 and 2021,characterized by obvious lake drainage;the lake numbers decreased by 5418(56.1%),with a decreasing area of 58.63×106 m^(2)(49.0%).This shrinkage of the thermokarst lake area was attributable mainly to the intensified degradation of rich-ice permafrost thawing arising from continued climate warming,despite the wetting climatic trend.

An evaluation of soil moisture from AMSR-E over source area of the Yellow River, China

In this study,in-situ soil moisture measurements are used to evaluate the accuracy of three AMSR-E soil moisture prod ucts from NASA(National Aeronautics and Space Administration),JAXA(Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency)and VUA(Vrije University Amsterdam and NASA)over Maqu County,Source Area of the Yellow River(SAYR),China.Re sults show that the VUA soil moisture product performs the best among the three AMSR-E soil moisture products in the study area,with a minimum RMSE(root mean square error)of 0.08(0.10)m3/m3 and smallest absolute error of 0.07(0.08)m3/m3 at the grassland area with ascending(descending)data.Therefore,the VUA soil moisture product is used to describe the spatial variation of soil moisture during the 2010 growing season over SAYR.The VUA soil moisture product shows that soil moisture presents a declining trend from east south(0.42 m3/m3)to west north(0.23 m3/m3),with good agreement with a general precipitation distribution.The center of SAYR presents extreme wetness(0.60 m3/m3)dur ing the whole study period,especially in July,while the head of SAYR presents a high level soil moisture(0.23 m3/m3)in July,August and September.

Evidence for a recent warming and wetting in the source area of the Yellow River （SAYR） and its hydrological impacts

Climate change investigation at a watershed-scale plays a significant role in re- vealing the historical evolution and future trend of the runoff variation in watershed. This study examines the multisource hydrological and meteorological variables over the source area of the Yellow River （SAYR） from 1961 to 2,012 and the future climate scenarios in the region during 2006-2100 based on the CMIP5 projection data. It recognizes the significant charac-teristics of the recent climate change in the SAYR and predicts the change trend of future flow in the region. It is found that （1） The climate in the SAYR has experienced a significant warm-wet change since the early 2000s, which is very different from the antecedent warm-dry trend since the late 1980s; （2） The warm-wet trend in the northwestern SAYR （the headwater area of the Yellow River （HAYR）, is more obvious than that in the whole SAYR; （3） With pre- cipitation increase, the runoff in the region also experienced an increasing process since 2006. The runoff variations in the region are sensitive to the changes of precipitation, PET and maximum air temperature, but not very sensitive to changes in mean and minimum air temperatures; （4） Based on the CMIP5 projection data, the warm-wet climate trend in SAYR are likely to continue until 2049 if considering three different （i.e. RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5） greenhouse gas emission scenarios, and the precipitation in SAYR will not be less than the current level before 2100; however, it is estimated that the recent flow increase in the SAYR is likely to be the decadal change and it will at most continue until the 2020s; （5） The inter-annual variations of the East Asian winter monsoon are found to be closely related to the variations of annual precipitation in the region. Meanwhile, the increased precipitation as well as the increase of potential evapotranspiration （PET） being far less than that of precipitation in the recent period are the main climate causes for the flow increase in the region.

Changes in lake area and water level in response to hydroclimate variations in the source area of the Yellow River:a case study from Lake Ngoring

In the north-eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP),the source area of the Yellow River(SAYR)has been experiencing significant changes in climatic and environmental conditions in recent decades.To date,few studies have combined modern hydrological conditions with paleoclimate records to explore the mechanism(s)of these changes.This study seeks to improve understanding of hydrological variability on decadal and centennial timescales in the SAYR and to identify its general cause.We first determined annual fluctuations in the surface area of Lake Ngoring from 1985 to 2020 using multi-temporal Landsat images.The results show that lake surface area changes were generally consistent with variations in precipitation,streamflow and the regional dry-wet index in the SAYR,suggesting that the water balance of the Lake Ngoring area is closely associated with regional hydroclimate changes.These records are also comparable to the stalagmite δ^(18)O monsoon record,as well fluctuations in the Southern Oscillation Index(SOI).Moreover,an association of high TSI(total solar insolation)anomalies and sunspot numbers with the expansion of Lake Ngoring surface area is observed,implying that solar activity is the key driving factor for hydrologic variability in the SAYR on a decadal timescale.Following this line of reasoning,we compared the δ^(13)C org-based lake level fluctuations of Lake Ngoring for the last millennium,as previously reported,with the hydroclimatic history and the reconstructed TSI record.We conclude that the hydrological regime of Lake Ngoring has been mainly controlled by centennial fluctuations in precipitation for the last millennium,which is also dominated by solar activity.In general,it appears that solar activity has exerted a dominant influence on the hydrological regime of the SAYR on both decadal and centennial timescales,which is clearly manifested in the variations of lake area and water level of Lake Ngoring.

环境变化的径流效应研究进展及黄河水源涵养区研究展望

针对变化环境下黄河流域实测径流大幅度锐减,严重影响流域水资源与生态安全的问题,面向黄河生态保护和高质量发展的国家重大战略需求,梳理了变化环境下径流效应研究中亟待解决的关键科学问题与关键技术。以黄河水源涵养区为对象,以环境变化的径流效应和水资源预测为核心,细化了数据集构建、机理解析、模型研发、趋势预估4项具体研究内容与研究方案。预期研究成果将揭示黄河水源涵养区水文-生态过程的互馈耦合机理、创新变化环境下生态水文的模拟和预测技术,科学预测变化环境下流域水安全和生态环境风险趋势,有效支撑流域水资源可持续利用与生态环境保护决策。

龙羊峡水库后汛期入库径流特征及可蓄水量分析

以1956—2022年唐乃亥水文站实测水文数据为基础,采用数理统计方法,重点分析黄河源区后汛期径流特征,并结合龙羊峡水库满负荷发电流量,对龙羊峡水库在后汛期可蓄水量进行不同情景的分析讨论。研究表明:1)唐乃亥水文站后汛期径流量年际变化较大,丰枯不均,以正常偏枯为主,多年平均后汛期径流量占汛期径流量的29.1%;2)唐乃亥水文站后汛期日平均流量在1000 m^(3)/s以上的径流量平均为8.96亿m^(3),年际变化极大,以1000 m^(3)/s发电流量运用,龙羊峡水库蓄至正常蓄水位的保证率仅为10%,多数年份汛期结束后水位无法达到正常蓄水位2600 m。建议根据后期来水,适时调整进入后汛期的时机,优化和调整龙羊峡水库年度调度方案,为高效合理利用黄河源区后汛期水资源奠定基础。

基于CNN-OBIA的黄河源区水体提取及时空变化

准确识别水体信息是分析地表水时空动态变化的重要技术手段。针对目前各种长时序水体信息提取方法精度低的问题,基于Landsat遥感影像,选用1986~2022年5484景黄河源区遥感影像,分别运用卷积神经网络结合面向对象(CNN-OBIA)和多指数水体检测规则(MIWDR)两种方法提取了黄河源区的地表水体,并对两种方法的提取精度进行了对比分析。在此基础上,探究了1986~2022年黄河源区水体信息的时空变化特征,并对其主要气候因素进行相关分析。结果表明:①CNN-OBIA的总体精度和Kappa系数分别为96.78%和0.93,MIWDR的总体精度和Kappa系数分别为94.28%和0.88,总体而言,CNN-OBIA的提取精度高于MIWDR方法。CNN-OBIA的提取结果可以很好地保持水体边界完整性和有效去除山体阴影,可以较好地对细小河流进行提取。②研究区水体总面积呈现出先减少(1986~2001年)后增加(2001~2022年)的变化趋势。③相关性分析表明,降水和气温与水体面积的变化均表现出显著正相关。

江河源冻土区土壤碳氮空间分布特征及其影响因素

江河源区是我国高寒生态安全屏障的重要区域,冻土的长期存在使其形成低温冻结环境,弱化了土壤微生物活性,抑制了土壤有机质的矿化过程,因而其近地表浅层土壤碳氮含量高。然而,土壤碳氮含量对不同冻土分区和环境因素响应的空间分异规律尚不清楚。为此,针对江河源4个不同冻土区(季节冻土区、岛状多年冻土区、不连续多年冻土区、片状连续多年冻土区)共11个样点进行植被样方调查、土壤分层采样。在分析碳氮含量的基础上,探讨了年均地温(MAGT)、活动层厚度(ALT)、海拔(ASL)、土壤深度(SD)、植被特征及土壤pH对土壤有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)、碳氮比(C/N)的影响。结果表明:(1)SOC、TN、C/N在片状连续多年冻土区最高,在季节冻土区最低,且与年均地温负相关,和海拔正相关;(2)江河源区SOC、TN、C/N随土壤深度的增加而降低,自表层至40cm深度整体下降幅度分别为58.45%、36.96%、17.01%;(3)SOC、TN、C/N与植被覆盖度(FVC)显著正相关(P≤0.05),与土壤pH值显著负相关(P≤0.01);(4)冗余分析表明,土壤pH、MAGT、ALT、SD、FVC是影响江河源区SOC、TN、C/N空间分布的关键因素。研究结果可为厘清气候趋暖条件下江河源区土壤碳氮空间分异规律及多年冻土热稳定性对土壤碳氮排放的影响提供科学基础,同时也有助于预测多年冻土区土壤碳氮空间变化。

区域协同视角下黄河流域生态安全格局构建

近些年黄河治理卓有成效,但因黄河生态底子薄弱,还存在生物多样性降低、生态系统不稳定和退化等问题。以区域协同视角构建黄河流域生态安全格局,主要贡献在于融合生态、经济和社会层面的集成数据为基础,从自然环境(地)、人类活动(人)和地物阻隔(人地耦合)三方面构建流域综合阻力评价体系,提出一个在黄河全流域地区构建生态安全格局的新框架。具体内容包括:(1)基于形态学空间格局和景观连通性进行黄河流域生态源地识别;(2)从自然环境、人类活动和地物阻隔三方面构建流域综合阻力评价体系,并对黄河流域生态安全进行分级;(3)结合最小累积阻力模型进行黄河流域生态廊道提取及战略点识别。结果表明黄河流域生态源地斑块数量为75个,面积为23.13万km^(2),占流域总面积的29.09%;流域高度安全区域面积为17.83万km^(2)、中度安全区域面积为27.83万km^(2)、较低与低安全区域面积为33.84万km^(2),占流域总面积的比例分别为22.43%、35.00%和42.57%;流域具有94条生态廊道,平均长度为37503 m,主要用地类型为草地和森林;流域生态战略点共有12个,主要分布于黄河流域东部,阻力值相对较高,容易成为影响黄河流域连通性的“瓶颈”。最后探讨生态安全格局构建对黄河流域整体生态保护以及现有《黄河流域生态环境保护规划》的影响,并从利用水资源评估体系优化生态源地的识别、基于电路理论结合指示性物种的迁移优化生态廊道和战略点识别,提出未来黄河流域生态安全格局优化建议,以期为构建面向流域国土空间生态修复的黄河流域资源时空配置,提供评价与优化的策略和方法;同时也为协同推动黄河流域经济高质量发展和生态环境高水平保护,提供有效保证。

黄河源湖泊表层沉积物溶解有机质光谱特征与来源解析

湖泊沉积物是重要的有机碳库,沉积物有机质来源及组成直接影响着水生生态系统健康。以黄河源区湖泊扎陵湖、茶木错、鄂陵湖、星星海和阿涌尕玛错为研究对象,采用紫外-可见光吸收光谱(UV-Vis)与三维荧光光谱(EEMs)结合平行因子分析(PARAFAC)方法,对湖泊表层沉积物溶解有机质(DOM)的组成特征与来源进行解析。结果表明,PARAFAC模型共解析出4种荧光组分,分别是两种陆源腐殖质组分C1、C4,以及类酪氨酸组分C2、类色氨酸组分C3,其中C1、C4具有同源性。光谱参数和荧光组分占比分析结果表明,黄河源区湖泊表层沉积物DOM组成受外源输入和内源释放共同作用。扎陵湖和鄂陵湖的内源组分占比较其他湖泊高,总体腐殖化程度低。茶木错、星星海和阿涌尕玛错表层沉积物DOM的陆源输入信号更强,腐殖化特征更明显。光谱参数可有效表征湖泊沉积物DOM组成与来源特性,从而为黄河源区湖泊保护与管理提供科学依据。

基于多源数据融合产品的黄河中游多沙粗沙区耕地时空动态变化

[目的]黄河中游多沙粗沙区是我国典型的生态脆弱区,准确量化该区耕地时空动态变化对评估区域粮食安全、生态修复效益、水土流失状况及黄河下游安澜等都具有重要意义。[方法]基于5种30 m高分辨率土地利用/覆被数据集产品(CNLUCC、GLC_FCS30、CLCD、AGLC-2000-2015、GlobeLand30),运用耕地利用动态度、偏差系数、转移矩阵、空间一致性分析等方法对比分析多源产品耕地在多沙粗沙区的时空特征,形成30 m分辨率高精度融合数据集产品,并对其进行验证,在此基础上基于融合产品分析1990-2020年黄河中游多沙粗沙区耕地的数量、分布、结构特征。[结果]现有多源数据集产品之间耕地特征存在较大差异,而融合产品精度均优于单独使用5种现有产品。基于融合产品分析发现,1990-2020年耕地面积呈先增加后波动式降低的趋势,退耕还林(草)工程实施为分界线;1990-2020年耕地面积净减少3170.59 km^(2),减少17.63%,且>15°的坡耕地面积占比逐年减少;耕地的动态转移类型主要为草地,其次为人工地表。退耕还林(草)等生态工程的实施和城镇化建设是导致耕地减少的主要原因。[结论]综合分析多源产品的优劣,基于目标地类融合和解释多源数据探究的有效方法,以深入研究某区域的地类特征,从而获得更为精确的研究结论。

黄河源区典型流域水文要素演变及其对气候变化的响应

以黄河源区白河流域为研究对象,采用Mann-Kendall方法分析水文要素的演变特征,利用RCCC-WBM水量平衡模型(monthly water balance model developed by research center for climate change)模拟探究流域生态水文要素对气候变化的敏感性。结果表明:1981-2020年白河流域气温增加趋势显著,气温递升率为0.45℃/(10 a),潜在蒸散发年际变化不明显,而降水和径流呈现先减少后增加的阶段性变化特征;RCCC-WBM水量平衡模型对白河流域具有较好的月尺度径流模拟效果,率定期和验证期的纳什效率系数(Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient,ENS)分别为0.69和0.62;在假定的气候变化情景下,降水量增加40%且气温变化-4~4℃时对应的径流量变化范围为20.2%~84.4%,实际蒸散发量为1.4%~51.0%,即随着降水量的增多,流域气温和蒸散发变化对径流的影响越来越显著。研究结果可为黄河源区的水循环演变规律的揭示提供参考。

黄河源区多源降水数据性能评估

黄河源区地形复杂,测站稀少,精确获取降水信息困难。以黄河源区为研究区域,基于日尺度综合分析4种多源降水数据集:新一代卫星反演降水产品GSMaP-Gauge和IMERG-Final,再分析资料ERA5和多源融合产品MSWEP,研究了这些产品的评价指标随时间和站点空间分布的变化。结果表明:在黄河源区的雨季(5—10月)、中部站点(尤其是久治县、达日县)性能更好。ERA5高估最严重,仅在东南部的少数地区较好;IMERG-Final在降水的空间分布方面表现最好,系统偏差接近零。因其拥有最高的相关系数、最低的误报率和最高的关键成功指数,在黄河源区推荐使用GSMaP-Gauge。相关的评估结果将为黄河源区降水信息的获取和降水数据集的选择提供帮助。

不同水分调控对沿黄灌区向日葵水分利用影响研究

为探究达拉特旗黄河南岸灌区向日葵根系吸水来源及其利用策略,通过测定达拉特旗黄河南岸灌区向日葵木质部水及其各种潜在水源(降水、土壤水和地下水)的氢氧同位素组成(δD和δ18O),利用直接对比法和MixSIAR模型研究对比不同灌溉制度下向日葵不同生育期水分来源及各水源利用差异。结果表明,向日葵在苗期、拔节期、灌浆期和成熟期的吸水深度分别在0~30、0~50、0~70和30~90 cm土层。不同灌溉量下,向日葵的主要吸水层具有一定的差异。0~10、10~30、30~50、50~70、70~90 cm深度土壤水和地下水对向日葵平均贡献比例分别为22.17%、17.99%、18.74%、14.68%、15.97%和10.45%。通过相关性分析,50 cm以下土层水分贡献对产量提高有利,0~10 cm土壤水、30~50 cm土壤水和地下水利用对灌溉水利用效率具有正相关关系。设置灌溉定额为187.5 mm时能显著提高产量,灌溉定额为100 mm时,能显著提升灌溉水利用效率。

黄河源区下垫面变化对水文过程的影响

量化评估下垫面变化对水平衡要素的影响,对揭示黄河源区径流变化归因具有重要意义。论文建立了考虑土地覆被变化(LUCC)和叶面积指数(LAI)动态变化的可变下渗容量(VIC)模型,模拟了下垫面变化条件下的降水-径流响应关系。结果表明,考虑下垫面动态变化的VIC模型能更好地模拟源区水文过程,相对误差降低8.8%~12.9%。2001—2018年LAI和LUCC综合作用导致植物蒸腾量年均增加约15%,玛曲和唐乃亥断面径流分别减少约9.19%和7.17%。LAI对径流影响较LUCC大,LAI对玛曲和唐乃亥断面多年平均径流量的贡献分别为-4.80%和4.48%,而LUCC的贡献为0.16%和-3.15%。研究解释了下垫面变化是源区降水增加条件下径流变化不显著的原因,对认识气候变化和生态保护的水文响应规律有借鉴意义。

基于高光谱的退化高寒草甸土壤碳氮磷含量反演研究

以黄河源区为研究区域,选取退化高寒草甸作为研究样地,通过野外调查采样,结合室内土壤养分与土壤高光谱数据测量,分析退化高寒草甸土壤植被及养分特征,对土壤高光谱数据进行数学变换与土壤养分含量相关系数计算,采用偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)和反向传播神经网络(BPNN)方法分别建立土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷含量的反演模型。结果表明:PLSR建立的土壤有机碳和土壤全磷含量预测模型优于BPNN模型,预测效果更好,其中,土壤有机碳含量PLSR预测模型建模集R^(2)=0.9585,RMSE=0.1079,验证集R^(2)=0.9493,RMSE=0.1210,模型精度较高,可以进行准确估算,土壤全磷含量PLSR预测模型建模集R^(2)=0.7497,RMSE=0.2391,验证集R^(2)=0.5977,RMSE=0.2445,达到基本估算要求;BPNN建立的土壤全氮含量预测模型优于PLSR模型,其建模集R^(2)=0.8772,RMSE=0.7663,验证集R^(2)=0.6887,RMSE=0.8556,模型精度较好,达到基本估算要求。

TRMM_3B42 V7与GPM_IMERG降水产品在黄河源区的水文效用评估

以黄河源区不同水文站控制流域为研究单元,对TRMM_3B42 V7与GPM_IMERG进行了站点和流域的统计指标评价,并在黄河沿水文站控制流域使用分布式水文模型评估了两者的水文效用差异.结果表明:(1)在站点对比研究中,TRMM_3B42 V7比GPM_IMERG表现出更优的精度,久治水文站控制的流域降水量最多,而黄河沿水文站控制的流域降水量最少.(2)在不同水文站控制的流域,TRMM_3B42 V7与区域站观测值的皮尔逊相关系数CC高值分布唐乃亥控制区,而GPM_IMERG与区域站观测值的CC高值分布较为广泛.(3)在水文效用评估方面,情景Ⅰ为区域站降水驱动水文模型,情景Ⅱ为TRMM_3B42 V7降水数据驱动水文模型,情景Ⅲ为GPM_IMERG降水数据驱动水文模型,率定期模拟结果最优的为实测数据驱动,情景Ⅰ纳什系数为0.88、情景Ⅱ纳什系数为0.85、情景Ⅲ纳什系数为0.86,得到GPM_IMERG能较好地捕捉洪峰流量,可以代替实测站点,有较优的洪水预报潜力.