Patterns of gas hydrate accumulation in mass transport deposits related to canyon activity: Example from Shenhu drilling area in the South China Sea

Since 2017, a plenty of gas hydrates have been drilled in a new area of Shenhu, and good heterogeneity has been found throughout the spatial distribution of the reservoir. After distinguishing different sedimentary sequence types and matching their formation with slope deposition settings, this study proposes three mass transport deposit(MTD) patterns related to canyon activity that occurred contemporaneously or epigenetically with it: well preserved MTDs, MTDs eroded by canyon migration, and MTDs dislocated by contemporaneous faults. Based on seismic reflection characteristics, this study proposed methods of quantitatively analyzing sedimentary factors,such as measuring the turbidities flow rate in the canyon, and results are interpreted with respect to canyon activity. Combining the above parameters and their relationship with gas hydrate accumulation, fine-grained seals overlapping coarse MTDs reservoirs are found to be indispensable to gas hydrate accumulation, as they prevent the release of free gas. Based on grain size data of hydrate samples from drilling wells, multi-layered gas hydrate reservoirs capped by fine-grained sediments and overlapping mud show favorable hydrate-bearing prospects. The release of gas hydrates, however, is mostly caused by the lack of mud sealing in relation to canyon activity, such as turbidities flow erosion and contemporaneous fault breaking. Canyon migration with respect to MTDs may be the actual cause of erosion of overlapping syn-sedimentary layers, and high bottom flows may contribute to an increase in the release of free gas. It is believed that contemporaneous faults caused by unstable canyon walls may break the muddy over layers and decrease the accumulation pressure of gas hydrate bearing.Thus, according to the sedimentary characteristics of MTDs and the hydrate accumulation process, three responding accumulation or releasing patterns are proposed, which respond to the different types of MTDs distinguished above: a well-preserved MTD accumulation pattern; a canyon migration eroded MTD release pattern; and a micro-contemporaneous fault dislocated MTD release pattern.

On the Onset of the South China Sea Summer Monsoon in 1998

Through analyzing the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, the satellite observational data and the ATLAS-2 mooring buoy observational data, it is shown that May 21 is the onset date of the South China Sea summer monsoon in 1998. There were abrupt variations in the general circulation pattern at the lower troposphere and the upper troposphere, in upper jet stream location and in the convection and rainfall over the South China Sea region corresponding to the outbreak of the South China Sea summer monsoon. It is also indicated that there was rainfall in the southern China coastal region before onset of summer monsoon, but it resulted from the (cold) front activity and cannot be regarded as the sign of summer monsoon outbreak in the South China Sea. Key words Onset - South China Sea summer monsoon - General circulation pattern, Jet stream - Convection This work was supported by the State Key Project for Research—“ The South China Sea Monsoon Experiment”, CAS (KZ951-B1-408) and CNSF (49823002).

Dominant Patterns of Summer Rainfall Anomalies in East China during 1951-2006

The dominant patterns of summer rainfall anomalies in East China were studied using Empirical Orthogonal Function （EOF） analysis. The results indicate that after the late 1970s, the first and second dominant patterns switched. During the period before the late 1970s, the spatial pattern of the first （second） dominant mode was the ＂Yangtze River pattern＂ （the ＂South China pattern＂）, but this changed to the ＂South China pattern＂ （the ＂Yangtze River pattern＂） after the late 1970s. This decadal change in the dominant patterns resulted from a significant decadal change in summer rainfall over South China after the late 1970s, i.e., a negative phase during 1978-1992 and a positive phase during 1993-2006. When the decadal variation of rainfall in East China is omitted from the analysis, the first and second dominant patterns represent the ＂Yangtze River pattern＂ and the ＂South China pattern＂, respectively. These results suggest that when decadal variation is included, the rainfall in China may be dominated by one mode during certain periods and by another in other periods. For the interannual variability when decadal variation is excluded, however, the first and second modes can be easily distinguished, and their order has been stable since at least 1951.

Types and Distribution of Geological Hazards in the South China Sea

Various types of geological hazards exist in the South China Sea. In dynamics sense, they can be categorized into 5 principal genetic types related to effects of hydraulic dynamics, gaseous activity, soil mechanics, gravity and tectonism, respectively. Integrated analyses indicate that the geological hazards associated with volcanoes, earthquakes and fractures are mainly distributed in tectonically active regions, whereas those resulting from mudflows, landslides and diapirs are usually concentrated in the region of slope, that shallow gas, high pressure gas pockets and soft intercalations are major potential geological hazards in the inner shelf, and that strong hydraulic dynamics, especially storm tide, is one of the major causes of geological hazards in the littoral areas. The geological hazards that occurred in the South China Sea are also characterized by periodicity, succession and, to a certain extent, unpredictability in addition to regionalization.

Revisiting the Second EOF Mode of Interannual Variation in Summer Rainfall over East China

The second EOF（EOF2） mode of interannual variation in summer rainfall over East China is characterized by inverse rainfall changes between South China（SC） and the Yellow River-Huaihe River valleys（YH）.However,understanding of the EOF2 mode is still limited.In this study,the authors identify that the EOF2 mode physically depicts the latitudinal variation of the climatological summer-mean rainy belt along the Yangtze River valley（YRRB）,based on a 160-station rainfall dataset in China for the period 1951-2011.The latitudinal variation of the YRRB is mostly attributed to two different rainfall patterns：one reflects the seesaw（SS） rainfall changes between the YH and SC（SS pattern）,and the other features rainfall anomalies concentrated in SC only（SC pattern）.Corresponding to a southward shift of the YRRB,the SS pattern,with above-normal rainfall in SC and below-normal rainfall in the YH,is related to a cyclonic anomaly centered over the SC-East China Sea region,with a northerly anomaly blowing from the YH to SC;while the SC pattern,with above-normal rainfall in SC,is related to an anticyclonic anomaly over the western North Pacific（WNP）,corresponding to an enhanced southwest monsoon over SC.The cyclonic anomaly,related to the SS pattern,is induced by a near-barotropic eastward propagating wave train along the Asian upper-tropospheric westerly jet,originating from the mid-high latitudes of the North Atlantic.The anticyclonic anomaly,for the SC pattern,is related to suppressed rainfall in the WNP.

华南滨海小流域地下水中PPCPs的分布、来源及影响因素——以珠海市唐家湾镇为例

药物和个人护理用品(Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products,PPCPs)是在环境中长期存在并对人类乃至整个生态系统的健康造成威胁的两类化学消费品。珠江三角洲流域PPCPs的检出水平总体较高,沿海地区地下水中的PPCPs污染有待进一步探究。于2021年9月在珠海市唐家湾镇采集了16个地下水样本,使用LC-MS/MS分析技术对21种PPCPs进行检测,使用数理统计方法和相关性分析对研究区地下水中PPCPs浓度特征和污染来源进行解析,并结合地下水化学特征及统计分析对其影响因素进行探究,旨在为滨海地区地下水的PPCPs特征分析提供案例依据。研究发现,1)研究区地下水呈弱酸至弱碱性,水化学类型多属于HCO_(3)-Ca型,沿地下水流方向受人为污染的影响越来越显著。2)研究区地下水中检测到6种PPCPs,平均质量浓度和检出率分别为:磺胺甲恶唑(5.51 ng·L^(-1),81%)、磺胺甲基嘧啶(1.18 ng·L^(-1),100%)、磺胺二甲基嘧啶(0.168 ng·L^(-1),25%)、卡马西平(35.7 ng·L^(-1),94%)、咖啡因(110 ng·L^(-1),100%)、西马特罗(0.100 ng·L^(-1),6%);磺胺类化合物和卡马西平从补给区到排泄区整体污染情况加重,存在一定累积效应,而咖啡因无明显的空间分布规律;可以将卡马西平视作研究区内PPCPs总体污染的潜在标志物。3)研究区地下水PPCPs属于农业和城镇活动的混合来源;磺胺二甲基嘧啶与水温呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与代谢菌群的繁殖和吸附过程有关;磺胺甲基嘧啶和咖啡因均与溶解氧呈显著负相关(P<0.05),与化粪池污水输入有关。综上所述,研究区地下水受到人类活动污染的程度较高,农业和城镇活动将大量PPCPs引入到地下水当中。

5月中国土壤湿度异常对7月华南-青藏高原东部偶极子型降水年际变化的影响

利用1979—2019年ERA5再分析资料和站点降水资料,研究了5月中国土壤湿度异常对7月华南和青藏高原东部偶极子型降水年际变化的影响及其可能的物理过程。结果表明,当5月青藏高原土壤湿度偏湿,华中地区土壤湿度偏干时,对应7月华南(高原东部)降水偏多(偏少),两地降水呈偶极子型分布。通过进一步的诊断分析发现,青藏高原(华中地区)土壤湿度正(负)异常可从5月持续至7月,使得7月中国北方地区地表湍流热通量正异常,进而使得对流层中低层大气增暖,中国北方与贝加尔湖之间经向温度梯度和大气斜压性增强,天气尺度的瞬变波活动增强。通过瞬变的涡度强迫有利于中国北方及蒙古地区准正压异常高压和Rossby波波源的形成,相关的Rossby波向东南方向传播至我国南方,使得华南地区出现准正压结构的异常低压,有利于西北太平洋副热带高压东移,南亚高压西移。对应中国北方及蒙古-华南地区对流层中低层为反气旋-气旋式环流异常,进而导致华南地区(高原东部)降水增多(减少)。此外,中国北方-蒙古地区的异常高压与局地偏干的土壤湿度之间的正反馈过程,有利于上述物理过程的维持和增强,进而有利于7月偶极子降水的异常,反之亦然。

基于MaxEnt模型的南海鸢乌贼栖息地季节性分布及关键环境因子选择研究

为了解南海鸢乌贼(Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis)栖息地的时空分布特征及关键环境因子的选择过程,根据2014—2017年1—12月南海鸢乌贼渔业数据和环境数据构建最大熵模型,分析了鸢乌贼栖息地季节性分布,量化了不同因子对栖息地变化的贡献率,筛选关键环境因子并厘清其季节性变化规律。其中环境数据包括海表面温度(SST)、叶绿素(Chla)、海面高度(SSH)、海面盐度(SSS)、混合层深度(MLD)以及不同水层水温(Temp_50 m、Temp_100 m、Temp_150 m、Temp_200 m和Temp_300 m)。结果表明,南海鸢乌贼的栖息地具有显著的季节性变化特征,其适宜栖息地面积春夏季高,秋冬季相对减少。不同季节环境因子对鸢乌贼栖息地的贡献具有显著差异,具体表现为:春季关键环境因子为Temp_50 m、Chla和MLD;夏季为SST、Temp_100 m和Chla;秋季为SST、MLD和Chla;冬季为Temp_50 m、SST和MLD。整体来看,0~100 m水层的温度、MLD和Chla对南海鸢乌贼栖息地的影响最大。此外,各关键环境因子具有明显的季节和空间变动规律。研究表明,最大熵模型可以用来模拟鸢乌贼栖息地的季节性分布,且探究其分布模式需要考虑不同环境因子影响的差异。

中南半岛和华南地区极端降水时空特征

全球变暖使得极端降水事件的强度和频率均呈上升趋势,位于亚洲季风区的中南半岛和华南地区更易受到极端降水影响而发生洪涝灾害。本文利用逐日降水资料对1951~2015年中南半岛和华南地区湿季(5~10月)的极端降水事件进行客观分类,并对每一类极端降水事件的大尺度流型特征及年际、年代际和长期趋势特征进行了分析。结果表明:(1)根据降水中心位置,中南半岛和华南地区的极端降水可客观分为华南类、中南半岛类、缅甸—云南类和华南南部—越南北部类,它们所联系的大尺度流型以中高纬波列和热带偶极子环流为主。其中,华南类的大尺度流型在对流层高层为类似于东亚—太平洋(East Asia–Pacific,简称EAP)遥相关型的“+−+”经向型波列,但中心位置较典型EAP型偏西南,中东部的负异常环流为关键系统,低层为位于低纬度地区的“+−”经向型波列。中南半岛类大尺度流型为热带偶极子异常环流,对流层低层较高层更为显著宽广。其余两类极端降水大尺度流型特征为在对流层高层受Rossby波列影响,低层主要为偏弱的热带偶极子异常环流。(2)中南半岛和华南地区极端降水的频次呈显著上升的趋势,主要来自于华南类和中南半岛类极端降水的贡献。其中,“+−+”经向型波列的频发是造成华南类极端降水增多的原因。(3)中南半岛与华南地区极端降水的空间分布具有反对称特征。

Patterns and Dynamics of Rifting on Passive Continental Margin from Shelf to Slope of the Northern South China Sea:Evidence from 3D Analogue Modeling

Affected by thermal perturbation due to mantle uprising, the rheological structure of the lithosphere could be modified, which could lead to different rifting patterns from shelf to slope in a passive continental margin. From the observed deformation style on the northern South China Sea and analogue modeling experiments, we find that the rift zone located on the shelf is characterized by half grabens or simple grabens controlled mainly by long faults with large vertical offset, supposed to be formed with normal lithosphere extension. On the slope, where the lithosphere is very hot due to mantle upweUing and heating, composite grabens composed of symmetric grabens developed. The boundary and inner faults are all short with small vertical offset. Between the zones with very hot and normal lithosphere, composite half grabens composed of half grabens or asymmetric grabens formed, whose boundary faults are long with large vertical offset, while the inner faults are relatively short. Along with the thickness decrease of the brittle upper crust due to high temperature, the deformation becomes more sensitive to the shape of a pre-existing weakness zone and shows orientation variation along strike. When there was a bend in the pre-existing weakness zone, and the basal plate was pulled by a clockwise rotating stress, the strongest deformation always occurs along the middle segment and at the transition area from the middle to the eastern segments, which contributes to a hotter lithosphere in the middle segment, where the Baiyun （白云） sag formed.

华南虎染色体带型分析

为保护华南虎Panthera tigris amoyensis物种,以静脉血淋巴细胞G显带和R显带染色技术研究和分析华南虎染色体带型。结果显示,华南虎每条染色体具有独特的带型特征,常染色体中带数最多的为24条带,带数最少的为6条带;性染色体中X染色体为12条带,Y染色体是相对长度最短也是带数最少的染色体,仅3条带。实验成功制备华南虎染色体G带和R带标本,得到248条带的华南虎染色体分带模式,经初步对比发现华南虎染色体G带模式虽与家猫染色体分带高度近似,但也存在少部分明显区别,研究华南虎染色体带型有利于虎及其它猫科动物的遗传学和基因多样性方面研究。

华南虎染色体核型分析及带型模式建立研究

采用外周血淋巴细胞培养及G带染色体标本制作技术,研究和分析华南虎(Panthera tigris amoyensis)染色体的核型和带型。结果表明:华南虎二倍体染色体数为2n=38条,其中常染色体18对,性染色体1对。常染色体按相对长度从长到短依次编号为1~18。根据着丝粒指数可将华南虎染色体分为4组,即A组(m),包括2、5、13、18和X;B组(Sm),包括1、4、7、8、9、10、11、12、14、17和Y;C组(St),包括3、6;D组(t),包括15、16。核型公式为8(m)+20(Sm)+4(St)+4(t),XY(m,Sm)/XX(m,m)。本研究成功制备了华南虎染色体核型标本,初步建立了华南虎染色体G带核型模式图谱。经比对,发现华南虎与东北虎(P. t. altaica)染色体核型存在明显差异,可为虎亚种的分类研究提供依据,同时能为华南虎种群基因多样性及遗传学研究提供新的参考和开辟新的途径。

The Impact of Mid- and High-Latitude Rossby Wave Activities on the Medium-Range Evolution of the EAP Pattern During the Pre-Rainy Period of South China

Based on the NCEP DOE AMIP II daily reanalysis data （1979-2005）, the evolution of the East Asia/Pacific （EAP） teleconnection pattern during the pre-rainy period of South China is studied on the medium-range time scale. It is found that positive and negative EAP patterns share a similar generation process. In the middle and upper troposphere, Rossby wave packets emanating from the northeast Atlantic or Europe propagate toward East Asia along the Eurasian continent waveguide and finally give rise to the three anomaly centers of the EAP pattern over East Asia. Among the three anomaly centers, the western Pacific subtropical center appears the latest. Rossby wave packets propagate from the high latitude anomaly center toward the mid-latitude and the subtropical ones. The enhancement and maintenance of the subtropical anomaly center is closely associated with the subtropical jet waveguide and the incoming Rossby wave packets from the upstream. In the lower troposphere, Rossby wave packets emanate from the subtropical Asia toward East Asia. Positive and negative EAP patterns could not be regarded as ＂mirrors＂ to each other with simply reversed phase. For the positive pattern, the positive height anomaly center around the Scandinavia Peninsula keeps its strength and position during the mature period, and the Rossby wave packets thus propagate persistently toward East Asia, facilitating a longer mature time of the positive pattern. As for the formation of the negative EAP pattern, however, the incoming Rossby wave energy from the upstream contributes to both the enhancement and southeastward movement of the negative anomaly belt from the Yenisei River to the Bering Strait and the positive anomaly center around Mongolia. At the peak time, the two anomlous circulations are evolved into the Northeast Asia and the mid-latitude anomaly centers of the negative pattern, respectively. The energy dispersion of Rossby wave packets is relatively fast due to the predominant zonal circulation in the extratropics, causing a shorter mature period of the negative pattern. During the pre-rainy period of South China, the prevalence of the EAP pattern significantly affects the rainfall over the region south of the Yangtze River. The positive （negative） EAP pattern tends to cause positive （negative） precipitation anomalies in that region. This is different from the earlier research findings based on monthly mean data.

Extinction pattern and process of siliceous sponge spicules in deep-water during the latest Permian in South China

Diverse and abundant siliceous sponge spicules were found in the latest Permian beds, Dongpan and Ma’anying sections, South China, including 52 types and 85 forms. Further investigation on these spicules allows us to understand extinction patterns and pro

Diversity patterns and palaeobiogeographical relationships of latest Devonian-Lower Carboniferous foraminifers from South China:What is global,what is local?

During latest Devonian and early Carboniferous times,calcareous foraminifers were abundant,widely distributed,and showed the most rapid rate of evolution in the shallow?sea deposits.These factors,especially their fast phylogenetic changes,make them an essen?tial element in biostratigraphic schemes of this time interval.However,the distribution patterns of calcareous foraminifers depend on a series of biological and non?biological factors,such as population sizes,dispersion,oceanic currents and temperatures,and substrate types,which are not always well?controlled when interpreting spatial and temporal distribution patterns.For this study,a dataset of calcareous foraminifers was compiled containing the tempo?ral distribution(biozone level)of 420 species belonging to 155 genera currently described from Strunian(latest Devonian)to basal Serpukhovian(Lower Carboniferous)key sections in southern China,and the presence of those species in eleven palaeobiogeographical units.The comparison of the regional Chinese diversity curve,which has a bell?shaped form with a dou?ble peak in the Ivorian,to a global curve shows the influence of local and regional factors.Mini?mum values in the Chinese Strunian,basal Tournaisian and early late Visean can be explained by the small number of studied outcrops,unfavourable facies and depositional gaps in these stratigraphic intervals in South China.This is especially obvious in the late Visean and Serpuk?hovian,which is a peak time of global diversity.The fall observed at that time interval in southern China is easily explained by the fact that this time peried is far less intensively studied and thus fewer data are present in the database.The opposite situation is seen around the TournaisianVisean boundary.Here,a peak is found in both regional and global curves,but that up to 87%of all known species are found in southern China seems to be unlikely,especially when the normal average value are 35%-40%.This anomalously high percentage is a consequence of the work undertaken on the Global Stratotype Section and Point(GSSP),and it shows that a species deficit may exist in the global curve.*Cluster,hierarchical cluster and Nonmetric multidimensienal Scalingel(NMDS)analyses have been calculated to study the palaeobiogeographical affinities of the southern Chinese calcareous foraminifers.The palaeobiogeographical patterns for the complete studied interval or parts of it(substages)are comparable on the genus and species level and stable throughtime.The assemblages found in southern China are well connected to other palaeo(bio)geo?graphical entities supporting the idea of relatively abundant widespread and cosmopolitan taxa in the studied interval.A cluster of South China,Europe and the Russian Platform is found in all analyses.This cluster often attached to the units Far-East Russia and Turkey rep?resents the northern Palaeotethyan Realm.The relatively close affinities between South China and North America cannot be well discussed yet.Chinese data for endemicity,geographical spread and biodiversity in the Tournaisian-Visean boundary interval can be roughly correlated to 3rd-order sea-level fluctuations.Migration patterns into and out of South China can only be suspected,but not yet quantified.

Paleogene Tectonic Evolution Controls on Sequence Stratigraphic Patterns in the Fushan Sag, Northern South China Sea

Tectonism is of extreme importance to sequence stratigraphic patterns in continental sedimentary basins, affecting both the architectures and internal makeup of sequences. Sequence stratigraphic framework of the Paleogene system in the Fushan sag, northern South China Sea, was built using 3D and 2D seismic data, complemented by drilling cores and well logs data. One first-order, three second-order and seven third-order sequences were identified. Analysis of paleotectonic stress field, unconformities and subsidence history showed that the Paleogene tectonic evolution presented significant characteristics of multistage and episode, and can be divided into three stages： rifting stage I（initial rifting period）, rifting stage II（rapid subsidence period）, rifting stage III（fault-depressed diversionary period）. Partition of the west and east in tectonic activity was obvious. The west area showed relatively stronger tectonic activity than the east area, especially during the rifting stage II. Episodic rifting and lateral variations in tectonic activity resulted in a wide variety of structural slope break belts, which controlled both the sequence architectures and interval makeup, and strongly constrained the development of special facies zones or sand bodies that tended to form hydrocarbon accumulation. This paper classifies the genetic types of slope break belts and their relevant sequence stratigraphic patterns within the Fushan sag, and further discusses the tectonic evolution controls on sequence stratigraphic patterns, which suggests that vertical evolution paths of structural slope break belts and relevant sequence stratigraphic patterns as a response to the Paleogene tectonic evolution were strongly controlled by sag margin types and lateral variations of tectonic activity.

夏季长江中下游和华南两类雨型的环流特征及预测信号

利用中国南方66站降水观测资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,采用经验正交函数分解(EOF)、合成分析和相关分析等方法,对夏季长江中下游和华南两类雨型进行了划分,对比分析了两类雨型同期大气环流和前期海温及环流的差异,以探讨两类雨型的形成机制及前期预测信号。结果表明:20世纪80年代之前华南型出现的频次较高,之后长江中下游型出现频次增多;长江中下游型年西太平洋副热带高压(副高)偏强偏西偏南,东亚夏季风(EASM)偏弱,副热带西风急流位置偏南,乌拉尔山阻塞高压(乌阻)和鄂霍次克海阻塞高压(鄂阻)较强,欧亚中高纬以经向环流为主,冷暖空气在长江中下游辐合,导致长江中下游降水偏多;华南型年大气环流与长江中下游型年大体相反,登陆华南的台风偏多,冷暖空气在华南地区辐合,导致华南地区降水偏多;其中副高的脊线位置和中高纬阻塞强弱是长江中下游型和华南型形成的关键因素。两类雨型前期海温分析表明,长江中下游型年,前冬赤道中东太平洋和印度洋偏暖,为典型的东部型El Ni?o,副热带南印度洋偶极子(SIOD)呈负位相,春季El Ni?o衰减,SIOD负位相也减弱,但印度洋持续增暖;华南型年,前冬和春季的海洋演变与长江中下游型年大体相反;关键区域海温与长江中下游夏季降水(YRR)和华南夏季降水(SCR)的年际关系存在年代际变化,YRR和SCR与前冬Ni?o3.4指数、SIOD指数和春季热带印度洋全区一致海温模态(IOBW)指数的相关关系在80年代之后逐步减弱,这主要是由于这三个关键海温指数与EASM及副高脊线的相关关系在80年代之后逐步减弱;两类雨型前期大气环流差异分析表明,春季大气环流的差异性要比前冬显著,长江中下游型年,春季副高、南海副高、马斯克林高压(马高)、澳大利亚高压(澳高)均偏强,大西洋欧洲区极涡强度偏弱,北太平洋涛动(NPO)呈正位相;华南型年春季的关键环流系统异常不明显,仅大西洋欧洲区极涡强度偏强,NPO呈负位相。前期海温演变及春季大气环流关键系统的异常可以作为两类雨型年的一些预测信号。

La Nia年冬季亚洲中高纬环流与我国南方降雪异常关系

2007/2008年冬季,赤道中东太平洋形成了一次中等强度的La Ni~↑na事件。本文根据NCAR/NCEP再分析资料,探讨La Nina气候背景下亚洲中高纬大气环流及南亚上空南支槽强度与我国南方（25～35°N,110～125°E）多雪、少雪以及2008年1月我国南方大范围低温雨雪冰冻灾害的关系。分析指出,La Ni~↑na气候背景下,500 hPa高度场亚洲高纬位势高度偏高易出现阻塞型,当乌拉尔山阻塞高压强度、位置比鄂霍次克阻塞高压偏强、偏北时,入侵我国南方的偏北气流主要来自乌拉尔山地区,南方偏冷（距平达-4.0℃）多雪;当鄂霍次克阻塞高压强度、位置比乌拉尔山阻塞高压偏强、偏北,入侵我国南方的偏北气流主要来自鄂霍次克海地区,南方偏暖（距平达1.0℃）少雪。2008年1月500 hPa高度上亚洲高纬乌拉尔山阻高偏北、强度偏强（正距平中心值达120 gpm）,入侵我国南方的2支偏北气流都来自乌拉尔山地区,南方出现了低温（温度距平达-4.0℃）雨雪冰冻天气;分析指出,200 hPa高度场南亚地区南支槽的强弱对我国南方降雪多寡有重要影响。

华南稻区不同施肥模式下土壤CH_4和N_2O排放特征

通过田间试验研究了不同施肥模式对华南稻田CH4和N2O排放的影响。研究结果表明:水稻生育期内,CH4排放呈单峰曲线,不同水稻季CH4排放峰出现的时间和峰值不同,晚稻CH4排放峰出现的时间早于早稻,且峰值明显高于早稻。由三季水稻观测数据可知:稻田CH4排放通量范围分别为-0.29~14.83、-6.09~31.54、-0.11~22.87 mg·m-2·h-1,而不同生长季N2O排放数据表明稻田N2O排放通量非常小且N2O排放规律不明显;稳定性氮肥结合甲烷抑制剂(SN)处理CH4季节排放总量最低,与农民习惯施肥处理(FP)相比,SN处理均能明显降低CH4季节排放量,降幅分别达34.1%、28.4%和7.7%。分析单位产量CH4和N2O增温潜势可知,两季水稻SN处理较FP处理全球增温潜势分别降低了31.0%和17.8%。综上认为,华南稻-稻连作种植体系下,CH4气体是稻田全球增温潜势增加的主要温室气体,SN施肥模式可作为该区域稻田温室气体减排的一项重要措施。

南海新生代碳酸盐沉积与区域构造演化

将南海碳酸盐沉积体系划归3类进行检验,特别着重于将浅海碳酸盐台地和远海钙质软泥的发育历史与南海晚渐新世以来的演化过程结合,指出碳酸盐沉积在晚渐新世、中新世、中新世末期以来3个地史时期表现出鲜明的阶段性特征。其中,中中新世正当南海扩张高峰,该时段构造-气候条件为碳酸盐提供了迄今为止最好的发育基础。中新世晚期南海进入大规模区域沉降阶段,封闭性增强,使得浅海碳酸盐体系与深海碳酸盐体系同步发生严重衰退。