<span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Studies were carried out to comparatively assess the proximate and mineral composition of </span><i><s...<span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Studies were carried out to comparatively assess the proximate and mineral composition of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Solanum aethiopicum </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L.</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cucumis</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">sativus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L. fruit samples grown in the South Eastern and North Central regions of Nigeria respectively, following standard analytical procedures and instrumentation. The mineral elements (Na, K, Zn and Ca) were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer after wet digestion of the samples while the proximate parameters</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(ash content, moisture content, crude fibre content, crude protein content, crude fat content and carbohydrate content) were determined in accordance with standard analytical procedures. The mean range of the moisture, crude fibre, crude protein, crude fat, ash and carbohydrate contents in the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S. aethiopicum </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L.</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">fruit samples grown in the North Central and South Eastern regions of Nigeria were 72</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">49</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> -</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 88</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">23, 2.15</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">- 3.67, 1.31</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">- 1.85, 0.43 - 0.76, 0.51 - 0.84 and 3.18% - 5.72% respectively. Additionally, the moisture, crude fibre, crude protein, crude fat, ash and carbohydrate contents in the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cucumis sativus </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L.</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">fruit</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">samples grown in the South Eastern and North Central regions of Nigeria, had mean range of values of 93.60 - 98.76, 0.53 - 0.77, 2.14 - 2.84, 0.29 </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 0.46, 0.90 </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 1.14 and 3.88% </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 4.66% respectively. The range of mean values of Na, K, Zn and Ca in the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S. aethiopicum </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L.</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">fruit samples from the South Eastern and North Central regions of Nigeria were 0.36 - 0.57, 1.92 - 2.80, 0.84 - 1.01 and 0.43 - 0.61 μg/g respectively. Also, Na, K, Zn and Ca</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">had mean range of values of 1.36 </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 4.08, 10.16 - 13.09, 0.45 - 0.66 and 5.85 - 9.3</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">μg/g respectively in the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C. sativus </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L. fruit samples grown in the South Eastern and North Central regions in Nigeria. The levels of the determined proximate of parameters</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and mineral elements in the studied fruit samples from the investigated regions of Nigeria were statistically significant. This therefore indicates that the geographical locations where these fruit samples grew could have significantly impacted on their nutrient content levels. The levels of the determined proximate</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">parameters from the selected regions of Nigeria show</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> that consumption of the fruit samples (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S aethiopicum </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L. and</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> C. sativus </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L.)</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">especially regularly, would help supply the essential nutrients and minerals required for a healthy living.展开更多
<span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Studies were carried out to comparatively assess the phytochemical and heavy metal levels in </span><i>&l...<span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Studies were carried out to comparatively assess the phytochemical and heavy metal levels in </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Solanum aethiopicum </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L. and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cucumis sativus </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L. fruit samples grown in the South Eastern and North Central regions of Nigeria respectively using standard analytical procedures and instrumentation. The fruit samples were assayed for selected heavy metals (Pb, Cd and Cu) using atomic absorption spectrophotometer after wet digestion of the samples. The five detected phytochemicals (flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins and glycosides) were present at varying amounts in the investigated fruit samples from the South Eastern and North Central regions of Nigeria. The range of mean values of flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins and glycosides in the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S. aethiopicum </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L. fruit samples from the two studied regions were 0.50 - 0.57, 0.53 - 1.26, 0.44 - 0.78, 1.12 - 1.93 and 0.40 - 0.50 mg/g respectively. The range of mean values of flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins and glycosides in the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C. sativus </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L.</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">fruit samples from the two studied regions of Nigeria were 1.27 - 1.69, 0.53 - 0.55, 0.96 - 1.51, 0.41 - 0.83 and 0.90 - 1.74 mg/g respectively. The range of mean vales of Pb, Cd, and Cu in the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S. aethiopicum </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L. fruit samples from the two studied regions were 0.15 - 0.24, 0 - 0.01, 0.78 - 1.12 μg/g respectively. 0.31 - 0.40, 0.02 - 0.05 and 0.62 -</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0.96 μg/g were the range of mean values of Pb, Cd and Cu</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">respectively in the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C. sativus </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L.</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">fruit samples from the two studied regions of Nigeria. Of the three investigated heavy metals, only Cd was at toxic levels in the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C. sativus </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L. fruit samples from the South Eastern and North Central regions of Nigeria. This is therefore a health concern to the fruit consumers that includes these fruits in their habitual daily fruit diets. Although the therapeutic and pharmaceutical benefits that </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">would</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> be derived from consuming</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> the investigated fruit samples ha</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> been shown in this study, there is therefore a possible risk of undue exposure to environmental pollutants such as heavy metal, especially through growing these fruits in polluted soils resulting from unwholesome anthropogenic practices. For fruit consumers to derive maximum health benefits from consuming these fruits, pollutants like heavy metals must be at non-toxic levels and this can only be achieved by ensuring that these fruits samples are grown and harvested in environments with less anthropogenic activities.展开更多
More than 4 000 km 48-channel seismic reflection data from the central region of the South China Sea have been interpreted. Five seismic interfaces have been distinguished, named T1, T2, T4, T6 and Tg respectively Mea...More than 4 000 km 48-channel seismic reflection data from the central region of the South China Sea have been interpreted. Five seismic interfaces have been distinguished, named T1, T2, T4, T6 and Tg respectively Meanwhile, five seismic sequences numbered I - V have been divided with the ages of Quaternary and Pliocene, Later Mocene, Earlier and Middle Miocene, Oligocene and Pre- Oligocene separately. Sequences I-II overlie all parts of the area. In the continental slope and island slope, Sequences III-V are mainly found in the grabens. Sequence III is found at moot profiles of the deep-sea basin, and Sequnce IV is seen not only at the margins of the east subbasin but also at the margins of the southwest subbasin. Strong reflection from Moho is found at most profiles of the deep-sea basin. The depth of Moho varies between 10 and 12 km, with a thickness of 6- 8 km for the crust. Calculated by age-basement depth correlation formula, the age of basaltic basement in the southwest subbasin is 51-39 Ma. It is indicated that the evolution of the southwest subbasin is simultaneous with or earlier than that of the east subbasin.展开更多
Ⅰ. An analysis of the development trend of the economy in the north,middle aud south coastal regions or China since China began to implementreform and open
The new Eurasia Continental Bridgeruns from East China to Central andWest China, crossing 11 provincesand regions, namely Jiangsu, Shandong,Hubei, Anhui, Shaanxi, Gansu, Shanxi,Sichuan, Qinghai, Xinjiang and Ningxia.T...The new Eurasia Continental Bridgeruns from East China to Central andWest China, crossing 11 provincesand regions, namely Jiangsu, Shandong,Hubei, Anhui, Shaanxi, Gansu, Shanxi,Sichuan, Qinghai, Xinjiang and Ningxia.The total area is 3.6 million sq km and thepopulation is about 300 million, accountingfor a third and a quarter of the whole countryrespectively. The area is very rich in naturalresources, so it is called an "Economic goldbelt" and "Gold corridor". Aerial remote-control survey indicates that along thecontinental bridge from Lianyungang to theAla Mountains within China’s boundary,展开更多
The pervasive herdsmen-farmers conflicts in the north-central region of Nigeria have changed the narrative of Nigeria’s enduring ethnic crises to ideologies, which are in-controvertibly sinister. The consequences of ...The pervasive herdsmen-farmers conflicts in the north-central region of Nigeria have changed the narrative of Nigeria’s enduring ethnic crises to ideologies, which are in-controvertibly sinister. The consequences of this tension, which has defied possible military responses, political, religious and cultural strategies are potentially devastating, not just for Nigeria, but the whole of West African region. Since the particular nature of these conflicts increasingly highlights the significance and inevitability of land resources for crops farming and cattle rearing, it is imperative to create awareness of the elemental nature of soils, especially their diversities in these conflict-prone areas. This study’s objective was to produce a Geographic Information System (GIS) based digital soil map (DSM) of the north-central region of Nigeria, and to delineate soil distribution and unique properties. Based on this study, the DSM offers a quick access to quantitative soil data covering the study area. It indicates that soil mapping units 15d, 18d and 24b are dominant, and constitute about 40% of the local arable lands. The broad pattern of distribution of these soils reflects both the climatic conditions and the geological structure of the region. The soils are highly weathered with limited capacities to supply essential nutrients needed by crop plants. These issues raise a number of questions, most of which focuses on the best possible way to maximize these soils to accommodate both crop farming and cattle rearing. It is our hope that taking the advantage of GIS to stimulate the knowledge and consciousness of soil distribution in the region will place the weight where it is appropriate in terms of food security through crops production and cattle rearing, and hence forge a more realistic pathway to reconciliation and conflict resolution.展开更多
Theoretic and practical significance has been highlighted in the research of the roles and functions of destinations,as destinations are restricted by the spatial structure based on tourist flow network from the persp...Theoretic and practical significance has been highlighted in the research of the roles and functions of destinations,as destinations are restricted by the spatial structure based on tourist flow network from the perspective of relationship.This article conducted an empirical analysis for Tourism Region of South Anhui(TRSA) and revealed the necessity and feasibility of studying the roles and functions of destinations from tourist flow network's perspective.The automorphic equivalence analysis and centrality analysis were used to classify 16 destinations in TRSA into six role types:tourist flow distribution center,hub of tourist flows,passageway destination,common touring destination,attached touring destination,and nearly isolated destination.Some suggestions were given on suitable infrastructure construction and destinations service designs according to their functions in network.This destination role positioning was based on tourist flow network structure in integral and macroscopic way.It provided an important reference for the balanced and harmonious development of all the destinations of TRSA.In addition,this article verified the applicability of social network analysis on tourist flow research in local scale,and expanded this method to destination role and function positioning.展开更多
The Precambrian basement complex in the southernmost part of North-Central Nigeria is underlain by migmatitic banded gneisses, granitic intrusions and dykes of dolerite, rhyolite porphyry and pegmatite. The rocks are ...The Precambrian basement complex in the southernmost part of North-Central Nigeria is underlain by migmatitic banded gneisses, granitic intrusions and dykes of dolerite, rhyolite porphyry and pegmatite. The rocks are generally felsic, containing modal and normative hypersthene, as well as normative corundum. The basement complex has experienced high-grade regional metamorphism as indicated by the presence of hypersthene and plagioclase of andesine composition. Anatectic melting is suggested by the occurrence of ptygmatic folds, folded gneissose foliation, numerous quartzo-feldspathic veins and lenses of dark-colured, micaceous schistose rocks. Geochemically, the rocks have magnesian, calc-alkalic and strongly peraluminous characteristics. Their overall characteristics suggest derivation from progressive (fractional) partial melting of pelitic rocks during high-grade regional metamorphism, possibly associated with intense hydrothermal activities. The magnesian characteristics reflect close affinity to relatively hydrous, oxidizing melts and source regions in settings broadly related to subduction.展开更多
[Objective] The research aimed to analyze a regional rainstorm weather process in north-central Henan Province. [Method] Based on the conventional meteorological observation data and the rainfall data of Henan Meteoro...[Objective] The research aimed to analyze a regional rainstorm weather process in north-central Henan Province. [Method] Based on the conventional meteorological observation data and the rainfall data of Henan Meteorological Station, the diagnostic analysis of atmospheric thermodynamics and dynamics on a rainstorm weather process in north-central Henan Province on July 19, 2010 was carried out. The characteristics of physical quantity field and the evolution of weather situation in north-central Henan Province when the rainstorm happened were studied. [Result] Western Pacific subtropical high strengthened to extend westward. The dynamic uplifting of low vortex at the middle and low layers, the strong water vapor transportation of southwest low-level jet caused the regional rainstorm weather process in north-central Henan Province. The diagnostic results of physical quantity showed that the deep, thick wet layer and the sustained water vapor convergence provided the abundant water vapor for rainstorm generation. The positive vorticity advection center developed and spread from northwest to southeast, which was favorable for the development of vertical movement. The structure maintenance of positive vorticity at the middle and low layers, negative vorticity at the middle and high levels provided the power condition for the regional rainstorm generation. The pumping effect of convergence at the middle and low layers, divergence at the high layer was favorable for the strengthening of vertical ascending motion at the low layer. The uplifting effect of dew point front at the middle and low layers triggered the release of unstable energy. The confrontation of warm and cold air was one of the important reasons for the regional rainstorm. TBB characteristic analysis showed that TBB was from -60 to -50 ℃ in north-central Henan Province in the whole strong precipitation time, and the moving speed was equivalent to that of southwest vortex. The low-value belt of TBB corresponded with the rainstorm occurrence zone in Henan, and the minimum-value center of TBB was basically consistent with the strongest center of precipitation. [Conclusion] The research provided the scientific basis for the short-term forecast of rainstorm.展开更多
This paper is focused on a geologic “regional rift basin system pattern” and its stratigraphical-geochemical relationship. This is mainly based on the littoral shallow marine sedimentary succession paleogeography an...This paper is focused on a geologic “regional rift basin system pattern” and its stratigraphical-geochemical relationship. This is mainly based on the littoral shallow marine sedimentary succession paleogeography and deposits. These successions characterize the large extensional intracratonic Chaco Paraná Basin rift system. The basin is located in South America west of the Brazilian Shield. The analyzed rift basin system evolved from the Upper Cretaceous (Late Campanian-Senonian-Maastrichtian-Early Paleocene) to Quaternary time. The siliciclastic littoral shallow marine successions were deposited from Early Senonian-Maastrichtian to Late Miocene during three main successive littoral shallow marine transgressions of continental extension.; These transgressions happened over the wide pediplanized terrains of South America. These lands exist west of the more positive areas, between the Brazilian Shield and the foreland massifs that were settled in the more westernwards areas. Later, these regional foreland massifs were coupled and raised to the Andean Orogen Belt during the last 5 million years.; The extensive intracratonic pediplanized low topographic relief areas were the reservoirs of siliciclastic littoral shallow marine succession deposits during the three successive widespread vast continental littoral shallow marine transgressions.; The first transgression began at the Latest Campanian-Senonian and/or Early Maastrichtian time. After this episode, the sedimentary depositional systems continued during the Cenozoic until the Latest Miocene. These successions constitute a major allostratigraphic unit. The limit with underlying units is the regional unconformity between the regional volcanic event (Jurassic-Cretacic and interleaved eolianite sandstones) at the base and the undifferentiated Quaternary sediments (called as the Pampeano and Post-Pampeano Formations sensu lato). Based on many facies analyses there had been checked out different levels in the eustatic sea level variations within the allostratigraphic unit.; Three major stages of extensional climax were recognized and related to the stages of conspicuous eustatical sea-level variations. They happened during the Latest Senonian-Paleocene, Eocene and Miocene.; The first transgression occurred during the Upper Cretaceous-Paleocene although the sedimentary deposits related to this event are scarce, which are only a few meters in thickness. However, the Upper Cretaceous-Paleocene succession is very well recognized in the actual pre-Andean zone in the north-west of Argentina and Bolivia (the Sierras Subandinas and the meridional imbricated fault systems just joint to the actual orogen, i.e., Quebrada de Humahuaca outcrops).; During the Eocene and Middle to Latest Miocene occurred the second and third extensive regional littoral shallow marine transgressions. They are present either in well log registers as in most widespread outcrops on the entire Southamerican continent.; The regional analysis led to the deduction of long periods of tectonic quiescence, at least three of them. They may be inferred and synchronously related with eustatic highstand sea level variations that occurred during the Late Paleocene-Early Eocene, Latest Eocene-Early to Mid Oligocene and Middle-to-Late Oligocene-Early Miocene.; The structural style is related with major extensional N-S strike faultings (regional tilted and faulting blocks). On the other hand, quite a number of strike-slip faults (mainly of regional characteristic) are present crossing the area. They have a clear influence on the accommodation and transfer zones of the rift basin system. The strike is north-west to south-east on the border of the basin, to the west, in the contact with the Pampean Ridges and the narrow-meridionally-extense Sub-Andean folded trend (mainly Paleozoic units belonging to the so-called Sierras Subandinas geological province). Also, at the western edge of thestudied area, there exist many large shear zones and upthrust faults. The strike-slip regional faults dislocated the Pampean and Sub-Andean blocks due to the interaction of crossing regional tilted and fault blocks. For this reason, an en echelon regional block model is characteristic. Incipient contaminated igneous activities were associated with this cortical weak zones.; Domes, needles and necks of volcanic and sub-volcanic origin appear as the landscape of the region. A part of the igneous activity was dated on Latest Pliocene although mainly corresponding to Pleistocene and Holocene. This deduction is obvious because their morphological constitution was never eroded. The volcanic aparatous are morphologically unmodified from their extrusion to present days.; All the studied successions seem to resemble a long persisting erosive, transportation and deposition episode. This phenomenon is linked to a large regional (continental) unconformity dated at Late Cretaceous. The entire analyzed sedimentary succession deposits and their siliciclastic facies associations correspond clearly to a “heterolithic facies succession” which is very common within persisting tide-dominated depositional systems (passive margins). In fact, this is what happened during Cenozoic times (Torra, 1998b, 2001a). The heterolithic Miocene facies deposits constitute one of the best continental exposed examples.; Paleogeographical evidence showed that the Paranense and Amazonic Sea transgressions had been a littoral shallow marine connection during long time from Middle to Late Miocene. During the Late Cretaceous and Eocene periods marine connections were also active in the region. This fact is strongly supported by the tectonic and geomorphological framework of the proto-Southamerican continent, fossil remains and similar sedimentary deposits.; The geochemical results showed an outstanding similarity among the three sandy-muddy successions herein studied. Both major and trace elements always show the same geochemical patterns. Specially mentioned are the elements gallium, cesium, chromium, barium, vanadium, thorium, zirconium, rubidium and strontium because they present very constant values through all successions.; The Paranense and Amazonic epicontinental seas had been connected to the Pacific Ocean during the three marine episodes. The connections were formed by narrow inter-mountain valleys, present in the pre-Andean foreland massifs. These events occurred prior to the main orogenesis elevation of the Andean orogen belt in the last 5 to 1 Ma (Pliocene-Latest Pleistocene).; This paper shows, for the first time, a synthetic stratigraphical-geochemical “regional model” for the Chaco Paraná Basin rift system which should be largely improved in later studies. The Chaco Paraná Basin carries many unexamined-unexplored natural resources which need more regional and local studies for their evaluation. This is in spite of the area that has the problem of a significative vegetation coberture and scarce good outcrops. The development of modern techniques of data acquisition will help to overcome these difficulties.展开更多
There were more expounding to north—west (west) trend fault and north\|east trend fault within Qiangtang Basin, North Part of Tibet, in the past literature. With increasing of geophysical exploration data, nearly eas...There were more expounding to north—west (west) trend fault and north\|east trend fault within Qiangtang Basin, North Part of Tibet, in the past literature. With increasing of geophysical exploration data, nearly east\|west trend structure began to be taken note to. Since the year of 1995, by a synthetic study to geophysical and geological data, that south\|north trend faulted structures are well developed. These structures should be paid much more attention to, because they have important theoretical meaning and practical significance.1 Spreading of south\|north faulted structure belt According to different geological and geophysical data, the six larger scale nearly south\|north faulted structure belt could be distinguished within the scope of east longitude 84°~96° and near Qiangtang Basin. The actual location of the six belts are nearly located in the west of the six meridian of east longitude 85°,87°,89°,91°,93°,95° or located near these meridian. The six south\|north faulted structure belts spread in the same interval with near 2° longitude interval. The more clear and much more significance of south\|north trend faulted structure belts are the two S—N trend faulted structure belts of east longitude 87° and 89°. There are S—N trend faulted structure belts in the west of east longitude 83°,81°, or near the longitudes. The structure belts spreading features,manifestation,geological function and its importance, and inter texture and structure are not exactly so same. The structure belts all different degree caused different region of geological structure or gravity field and magnetic field. There is different scale near S—N trend faulted structure belt between the belts.展开更多
Visceral leishmaniasis(VL)(kala-azar)was most seriously prevalent in the plain regions of eight provinces/municipalities in the eastern and central parts of China.In the early 1950s,the number of counties/cities endem...Visceral leishmaniasis(VL)(kala-azar)was most seriously prevalent in the plain regions of eight provinces/municipalities in the eastern and central parts of China.In the early 1950s,the number of counties/cities endemic for VL and the number of cases in the plain regions accounted for 60%and 80%,respectively,of the total numbers in the entire country.By implementing comprehensive control measures,including treatment of patients for eliminating the source of infection and spraying insecticide in endemic villages to kill sandflies,VL transmission has been brought under control in this region by the early 1960s,and no new infected cases have been found since 1983,achieving the goal of eliminating VL.展开更多
Effective utilization of renewable energy sources and efficient management of electric energy are essential for any developing countries like India. This can be envisioned through the implementation of concepts of sma...Effective utilization of renewable energy sources and efficient management of electric energy are essential for any developing countries like India. This can be envisioned through the implementation of concepts of smart grid (SG). One of the key requisites for SG implementation is that the grid should be completely observable. Renovation of conventional Indian power grid to a SG necessitates incorporation of the phasor measure- ment units (PMUs) in the present power grid measurement and monitoring system. Since the cost of PMU is high and any bus containing a PMU makes the neighboring connected buses observable, optimal placement of PMUs is very important for complete observability of the grid. This paper proposes optimal redundant geographical locations in the northern, eastern and north-eastern regions of Indian power grid for PMU placement. The PMUs installed in these geographical locations will make the grid completely observable and maintain the observability under the conditions of failure of some PMUs or branch outages. Integer linear programming has been used for finding the optimal PMU locations. The results proposed in this paper can be a stepping stone for revamping the Indian power grid to a SG ensuring complete observability during different contingency conditions.展开更多
Background:Trachoma is a disease of the eye,caused by the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis,which can lead to blindness if left untreated.Ethiopia is one of the most trachoma-affected countries in the world.The objective...Background:Trachoma is a disease of the eye,caused by the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis,which can lead to blindness if left untreated.Ethiopia is one of the most trachoma-affected countries in the world.The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of and associated risk factors for active trachoma among children in selected woredas of North and South Wollo Zones in Amhara Region,Ethiopia.Methods:This study was a community-based,cross-sectional study,which was conducted from October to December 2014 among children aged 1-8.A four-stage random cluster sampling technique was employed to select the study areas and participants.From each selected household,one child was clinically assessed for active trachoma.A structured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic,behavioral,and clinical data.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the association between predictor variables and active trachoma.Results:The overall prevalence of active trachoma among 1358 children was found to be 21.6%(95%CI:19.4-23.8%).When analyzed by the presence or absence of individual WHO simplified system signs of active trachoma,trachomatous inflammation-follicular cases constituted18%(95%CI:15.9-20.2%),while 4.7%(95%CI:3.6-5.8%)were trachomatous inflammation-intense cases.Ocular discharge(aOR=5.2;95%CI:3.3-8.2),nasal discharge(aOR=1.8;95%CI:1.2-2.7),time taken to fetch water(aOR=0.02;95%CI:0.01-0.05),frequency of hand and face washing(aOR=4.4;95%CI:1.1-17.8),and access to a latrine(aOR=0.006;95%CI:0.001-0.030)were found to be independently associated with the presence of active trachoma.Conclusions:There is a high burden of active trachoma among children in the study areas.Lack of personal hygiene and limited access to a safe water supply and latrines were associated with increased prevalence of active trachoma.In order to reduce the burden of active trachoma,facial cleanliness and environmental improvement components of the SAFE strategy should be upgraded in the study areas.展开更多
目的:探索南北方地区骨质疏松症患者中医体质的分布特点。方法:筛选2009年4月至2023年8月发表的有关中医体质与骨质疏松相关性研究的文献,以“骨质疏松”“中医体质”“osteoporosis”“traditional Chinese medical constitution”等...目的:探索南北方地区骨质疏松症患者中医体质的分布特点。方法:筛选2009年4月至2023年8月发表的有关中医体质与骨质疏松相关性研究的文献,以“骨质疏松”“中医体质”“osteoporosis”“traditional Chinese medical constitution”等为主题词进行检索,将最终纳入研究的文献按地区进行南北方划分,对纳入文献中的体质与骨质疏松数据进行南北方差异分析。结果:最终纳入研究的文献共19篇,其中南方地区9篇,北方地区10篇。Meta分析结果显示,南方地区气虚质(OR=2.46,95%CI:1.68~3.62)、阳虚质(OR=2.19,95%CI:1.83~2.63)发生骨质疏松的风险较高,痰湿质(OR=0.41,95%CI:0.32~0.53)及湿热质(OR=0.56,95%CI:0.35~0.89)为其保护性体质;北方地区血瘀质(OR=2.32,95%CI:1.51~3.58)、阳虚质(OR=2.28,95%CI:1.56~3.34)及阴虚质(OR=1.68,95%CI:1.07~2.64)发生骨质疏松的风险较高。结论:南北方地区体质与骨质疏松的相关性具有差异,在南方,气虚质、阳虚质为危险因素,痰湿质、湿热质为保护因素;在北方,血瘀质、阳虚质、阴虚质为危险因素。展开更多
文摘<span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Studies were carried out to comparatively assess the proximate and mineral composition of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Solanum aethiopicum </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L.</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cucumis</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">sativus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L. fruit samples grown in the South Eastern and North Central regions of Nigeria respectively, following standard analytical procedures and instrumentation. The mineral elements (Na, K, Zn and Ca) were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer after wet digestion of the samples while the proximate parameters</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(ash content, moisture content, crude fibre content, crude protein content, crude fat content and carbohydrate content) were determined in accordance with standard analytical procedures. The mean range of the moisture, crude fibre, crude protein, crude fat, ash and carbohydrate contents in the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S. aethiopicum </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L.</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">fruit samples grown in the North Central and South Eastern regions of Nigeria were 72</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">49</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> -</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 88</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">23, 2.15</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">- 3.67, 1.31</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">- 1.85, 0.43 - 0.76, 0.51 - 0.84 and 3.18% - 5.72% respectively. Additionally, the moisture, crude fibre, crude protein, crude fat, ash and carbohydrate contents in the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cucumis sativus </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L.</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">fruit</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">samples grown in the South Eastern and North Central regions of Nigeria, had mean range of values of 93.60 - 98.76, 0.53 - 0.77, 2.14 - 2.84, 0.29 </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 0.46, 0.90 </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 1.14 and 3.88% </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 4.66% respectively. The range of mean values of Na, K, Zn and Ca in the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S. aethiopicum </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L.</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">fruit samples from the South Eastern and North Central regions of Nigeria were 0.36 - 0.57, 1.92 - 2.80, 0.84 - 1.01 and 0.43 - 0.61 μg/g respectively. Also, Na, K, Zn and Ca</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">had mean range of values of 1.36 </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 4.08, 10.16 - 13.09, 0.45 - 0.66 and 5.85 - 9.3</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">μg/g respectively in the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C. sativus </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L. fruit samples grown in the South Eastern and North Central regions in Nigeria. The levels of the determined proximate of parameters</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and mineral elements in the studied fruit samples from the investigated regions of Nigeria were statistically significant. This therefore indicates that the geographical locations where these fruit samples grew could have significantly impacted on their nutrient content levels. The levels of the determined proximate</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">parameters from the selected regions of Nigeria show</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> that consumption of the fruit samples (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S aethiopicum </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L. and</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> C. sativus </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L.)</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">especially regularly, would help supply the essential nutrients and minerals required for a healthy living.
文摘<span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Studies were carried out to comparatively assess the phytochemical and heavy metal levels in </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Solanum aethiopicum </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L. and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cucumis sativus </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L. fruit samples grown in the South Eastern and North Central regions of Nigeria respectively using standard analytical procedures and instrumentation. The fruit samples were assayed for selected heavy metals (Pb, Cd and Cu) using atomic absorption spectrophotometer after wet digestion of the samples. The five detected phytochemicals (flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins and glycosides) were present at varying amounts in the investigated fruit samples from the South Eastern and North Central regions of Nigeria. The range of mean values of flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins and glycosides in the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S. aethiopicum </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L. fruit samples from the two studied regions were 0.50 - 0.57, 0.53 - 1.26, 0.44 - 0.78, 1.12 - 1.93 and 0.40 - 0.50 mg/g respectively. The range of mean values of flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins and glycosides in the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C. sativus </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L.</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">fruit samples from the two studied regions of Nigeria were 1.27 - 1.69, 0.53 - 0.55, 0.96 - 1.51, 0.41 - 0.83 and 0.90 - 1.74 mg/g respectively. The range of mean vales of Pb, Cd, and Cu in the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S. aethiopicum </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L. fruit samples from the two studied regions were 0.15 - 0.24, 0 - 0.01, 0.78 - 1.12 μg/g respectively. 0.31 - 0.40, 0.02 - 0.05 and 0.62 -</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0.96 μg/g were the range of mean values of Pb, Cd and Cu</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">respectively in the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C. sativus </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L.</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">fruit samples from the two studied regions of Nigeria. Of the three investigated heavy metals, only Cd was at toxic levels in the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C. sativus </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L. fruit samples from the South Eastern and North Central regions of Nigeria. This is therefore a health concern to the fruit consumers that includes these fruits in their habitual daily fruit diets. Although the therapeutic and pharmaceutical benefits that </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">would</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> be derived from consuming</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> the investigated fruit samples ha</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> been shown in this study, there is therefore a possible risk of undue exposure to environmental pollutants such as heavy metal, especially through growing these fruits in polluted soils resulting from unwholesome anthropogenic practices. For fruit consumers to derive maximum health benefits from consuming these fruits, pollutants like heavy metals must be at non-toxic levels and this can only be achieved by ensuring that these fruits samples are grown and harvested in environments with less anthropogenic activities.
文摘More than 4 000 km 48-channel seismic reflection data from the central region of the South China Sea have been interpreted. Five seismic interfaces have been distinguished, named T1, T2, T4, T6 and Tg respectively Meanwhile, five seismic sequences numbered I - V have been divided with the ages of Quaternary and Pliocene, Later Mocene, Earlier and Middle Miocene, Oligocene and Pre- Oligocene separately. Sequences I-II overlie all parts of the area. In the continental slope and island slope, Sequences III-V are mainly found in the grabens. Sequence III is found at moot profiles of the deep-sea basin, and Sequnce IV is seen not only at the margins of the east subbasin but also at the margins of the southwest subbasin. Strong reflection from Moho is found at most profiles of the deep-sea basin. The depth of Moho varies between 10 and 12 km, with a thickness of 6- 8 km for the crust. Calculated by age-basement depth correlation formula, the age of basaltic basement in the southwest subbasin is 51-39 Ma. It is indicated that the evolution of the southwest subbasin is simultaneous with or earlier than that of the east subbasin.
文摘Ⅰ. An analysis of the development trend of the economy in the north,middle aud south coastal regions or China since China began to implementreform and open
文摘The new Eurasia Continental Bridgeruns from East China to Central andWest China, crossing 11 provincesand regions, namely Jiangsu, Shandong,Hubei, Anhui, Shaanxi, Gansu, Shanxi,Sichuan, Qinghai, Xinjiang and Ningxia.The total area is 3.6 million sq km and thepopulation is about 300 million, accountingfor a third and a quarter of the whole countryrespectively. The area is very rich in naturalresources, so it is called an "Economic goldbelt" and "Gold corridor". Aerial remote-control survey indicates that along thecontinental bridge from Lianyungang to theAla Mountains within China’s boundary,
文摘The pervasive herdsmen-farmers conflicts in the north-central region of Nigeria have changed the narrative of Nigeria’s enduring ethnic crises to ideologies, which are in-controvertibly sinister. The consequences of this tension, which has defied possible military responses, political, religious and cultural strategies are potentially devastating, not just for Nigeria, but the whole of West African region. Since the particular nature of these conflicts increasingly highlights the significance and inevitability of land resources for crops farming and cattle rearing, it is imperative to create awareness of the elemental nature of soils, especially their diversities in these conflict-prone areas. This study’s objective was to produce a Geographic Information System (GIS) based digital soil map (DSM) of the north-central region of Nigeria, and to delineate soil distribution and unique properties. Based on this study, the DSM offers a quick access to quantitative soil data covering the study area. It indicates that soil mapping units 15d, 18d and 24b are dominant, and constitute about 40% of the local arable lands. The broad pattern of distribution of these soils reflects both the climatic conditions and the geological structure of the region. The soils are highly weathered with limited capacities to supply essential nutrients needed by crop plants. These issues raise a number of questions, most of which focuses on the best possible way to maximize these soils to accommodate both crop farming and cattle rearing. It is our hope that taking the advantage of GIS to stimulate the knowledge and consciousness of soil distribution in the region will place the weight where it is appropriate in terms of food security through crops production and cattle rearing, and hence forge a more realistic pathway to reconciliation and conflict resolution.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41001070,40801054,40371030)
文摘Theoretic and practical significance has been highlighted in the research of the roles and functions of destinations,as destinations are restricted by the spatial structure based on tourist flow network from the perspective of relationship.This article conducted an empirical analysis for Tourism Region of South Anhui(TRSA) and revealed the necessity and feasibility of studying the roles and functions of destinations from tourist flow network's perspective.The automorphic equivalence analysis and centrality analysis were used to classify 16 destinations in TRSA into six role types:tourist flow distribution center,hub of tourist flows,passageway destination,common touring destination,attached touring destination,and nearly isolated destination.Some suggestions were given on suitable infrastructure construction and destinations service designs according to their functions in network.This destination role positioning was based on tourist flow network structure in integral and macroscopic way.It provided an important reference for the balanced and harmonious development of all the destinations of TRSA.In addition,this article verified the applicability of social network analysis on tourist flow research in local scale,and expanded this method to destination role and function positioning.
文摘The Precambrian basement complex in the southernmost part of North-Central Nigeria is underlain by migmatitic banded gneisses, granitic intrusions and dykes of dolerite, rhyolite porphyry and pegmatite. The rocks are generally felsic, containing modal and normative hypersthene, as well as normative corundum. The basement complex has experienced high-grade regional metamorphism as indicated by the presence of hypersthene and plagioclase of andesine composition. Anatectic melting is suggested by the occurrence of ptygmatic folds, folded gneissose foliation, numerous quartzo-feldspathic veins and lenses of dark-colured, micaceous schistose rocks. Geochemically, the rocks have magnesian, calc-alkalic and strongly peraluminous characteristics. Their overall characteristics suggest derivation from progressive (fractional) partial melting of pelitic rocks during high-grade regional metamorphism, possibly associated with intense hydrothermal activities. The magnesian characteristics reflect close affinity to relatively hydrous, oxidizing melts and source regions in settings broadly related to subduction.
文摘[Objective] The research aimed to analyze a regional rainstorm weather process in north-central Henan Province. [Method] Based on the conventional meteorological observation data and the rainfall data of Henan Meteorological Station, the diagnostic analysis of atmospheric thermodynamics and dynamics on a rainstorm weather process in north-central Henan Province on July 19, 2010 was carried out. The characteristics of physical quantity field and the evolution of weather situation in north-central Henan Province when the rainstorm happened were studied. [Result] Western Pacific subtropical high strengthened to extend westward. The dynamic uplifting of low vortex at the middle and low layers, the strong water vapor transportation of southwest low-level jet caused the regional rainstorm weather process in north-central Henan Province. The diagnostic results of physical quantity showed that the deep, thick wet layer and the sustained water vapor convergence provided the abundant water vapor for rainstorm generation. The positive vorticity advection center developed and spread from northwest to southeast, which was favorable for the development of vertical movement. The structure maintenance of positive vorticity at the middle and low layers, negative vorticity at the middle and high levels provided the power condition for the regional rainstorm generation. The pumping effect of convergence at the middle and low layers, divergence at the high layer was favorable for the strengthening of vertical ascending motion at the low layer. The uplifting effect of dew point front at the middle and low layers triggered the release of unstable energy. The confrontation of warm and cold air was one of the important reasons for the regional rainstorm. TBB characteristic analysis showed that TBB was from -60 to -50 ℃ in north-central Henan Province in the whole strong precipitation time, and the moving speed was equivalent to that of southwest vortex. The low-value belt of TBB corresponded with the rainstorm occurrence zone in Henan, and the minimum-value center of TBB was basically consistent with the strongest center of precipitation. [Conclusion] The research provided the scientific basis for the short-term forecast of rainstorm.
文摘This paper is focused on a geologic “regional rift basin system pattern” and its stratigraphical-geochemical relationship. This is mainly based on the littoral shallow marine sedimentary succession paleogeography and deposits. These successions characterize the large extensional intracratonic Chaco Paraná Basin rift system. The basin is located in South America west of the Brazilian Shield. The analyzed rift basin system evolved from the Upper Cretaceous (Late Campanian-Senonian-Maastrichtian-Early Paleocene) to Quaternary time. The siliciclastic littoral shallow marine successions were deposited from Early Senonian-Maastrichtian to Late Miocene during three main successive littoral shallow marine transgressions of continental extension.; These transgressions happened over the wide pediplanized terrains of South America. These lands exist west of the more positive areas, between the Brazilian Shield and the foreland massifs that were settled in the more westernwards areas. Later, these regional foreland massifs were coupled and raised to the Andean Orogen Belt during the last 5 million years.; The extensive intracratonic pediplanized low topographic relief areas were the reservoirs of siliciclastic littoral shallow marine succession deposits during the three successive widespread vast continental littoral shallow marine transgressions.; The first transgression began at the Latest Campanian-Senonian and/or Early Maastrichtian time. After this episode, the sedimentary depositional systems continued during the Cenozoic until the Latest Miocene. These successions constitute a major allostratigraphic unit. The limit with underlying units is the regional unconformity between the regional volcanic event (Jurassic-Cretacic and interleaved eolianite sandstones) at the base and the undifferentiated Quaternary sediments (called as the Pampeano and Post-Pampeano Formations sensu lato). Based on many facies analyses there had been checked out different levels in the eustatic sea level variations within the allostratigraphic unit.; Three major stages of extensional climax were recognized and related to the stages of conspicuous eustatical sea-level variations. They happened during the Latest Senonian-Paleocene, Eocene and Miocene.; The first transgression occurred during the Upper Cretaceous-Paleocene although the sedimentary deposits related to this event are scarce, which are only a few meters in thickness. However, the Upper Cretaceous-Paleocene succession is very well recognized in the actual pre-Andean zone in the north-west of Argentina and Bolivia (the Sierras Subandinas and the meridional imbricated fault systems just joint to the actual orogen, i.e., Quebrada de Humahuaca outcrops).; During the Eocene and Middle to Latest Miocene occurred the second and third extensive regional littoral shallow marine transgressions. They are present either in well log registers as in most widespread outcrops on the entire Southamerican continent.; The regional analysis led to the deduction of long periods of tectonic quiescence, at least three of them. They may be inferred and synchronously related with eustatic highstand sea level variations that occurred during the Late Paleocene-Early Eocene, Latest Eocene-Early to Mid Oligocene and Middle-to-Late Oligocene-Early Miocene.; The structural style is related with major extensional N-S strike faultings (regional tilted and faulting blocks). On the other hand, quite a number of strike-slip faults (mainly of regional characteristic) are present crossing the area. They have a clear influence on the accommodation and transfer zones of the rift basin system. The strike is north-west to south-east on the border of the basin, to the west, in the contact with the Pampean Ridges and the narrow-meridionally-extense Sub-Andean folded trend (mainly Paleozoic units belonging to the so-called Sierras Subandinas geological province). Also, at the western edge of thestudied area, there exist many large shear zones and upthrust faults. The strike-slip regional faults dislocated the Pampean and Sub-Andean blocks due to the interaction of crossing regional tilted and fault blocks. For this reason, an en echelon regional block model is characteristic. Incipient contaminated igneous activities were associated with this cortical weak zones.; Domes, needles and necks of volcanic and sub-volcanic origin appear as the landscape of the region. A part of the igneous activity was dated on Latest Pliocene although mainly corresponding to Pleistocene and Holocene. This deduction is obvious because their morphological constitution was never eroded. The volcanic aparatous are morphologically unmodified from their extrusion to present days.; All the studied successions seem to resemble a long persisting erosive, transportation and deposition episode. This phenomenon is linked to a large regional (continental) unconformity dated at Late Cretaceous. The entire analyzed sedimentary succession deposits and their siliciclastic facies associations correspond clearly to a “heterolithic facies succession” which is very common within persisting tide-dominated depositional systems (passive margins). In fact, this is what happened during Cenozoic times (Torra, 1998b, 2001a). The heterolithic Miocene facies deposits constitute one of the best continental exposed examples.; Paleogeographical evidence showed that the Paranense and Amazonic Sea transgressions had been a littoral shallow marine connection during long time from Middle to Late Miocene. During the Late Cretaceous and Eocene periods marine connections were also active in the region. This fact is strongly supported by the tectonic and geomorphological framework of the proto-Southamerican continent, fossil remains and similar sedimentary deposits.; The geochemical results showed an outstanding similarity among the three sandy-muddy successions herein studied. Both major and trace elements always show the same geochemical patterns. Specially mentioned are the elements gallium, cesium, chromium, barium, vanadium, thorium, zirconium, rubidium and strontium because they present very constant values through all successions.; The Paranense and Amazonic epicontinental seas had been connected to the Pacific Ocean during the three marine episodes. The connections were formed by narrow inter-mountain valleys, present in the pre-Andean foreland massifs. These events occurred prior to the main orogenesis elevation of the Andean orogen belt in the last 5 to 1 Ma (Pliocene-Latest Pleistocene).; This paper shows, for the first time, a synthetic stratigraphical-geochemical “regional model” for the Chaco Paraná Basin rift system which should be largely improved in later studies. The Chaco Paraná Basin carries many unexamined-unexplored natural resources which need more regional and local studies for their evaluation. This is in spite of the area that has the problem of a significative vegetation coberture and scarce good outcrops. The development of modern techniques of data acquisition will help to overcome these difficulties.
文摘There were more expounding to north—west (west) trend fault and north\|east trend fault within Qiangtang Basin, North Part of Tibet, in the past literature. With increasing of geophysical exploration data, nearly east\|west trend structure began to be taken note to. Since the year of 1995, by a synthetic study to geophysical and geological data, that south\|north trend faulted structures are well developed. These structures should be paid much more attention to, because they have important theoretical meaning and practical significance.1 Spreading of south\|north faulted structure belt According to different geological and geophysical data, the six larger scale nearly south\|north faulted structure belt could be distinguished within the scope of east longitude 84°~96° and near Qiangtang Basin. The actual location of the six belts are nearly located in the west of the six meridian of east longitude 85°,87°,89°,91°,93°,95° or located near these meridian. The six south\|north faulted structure belts spread in the same interval with near 2° longitude interval. The more clear and much more significance of south\|north trend faulted structure belts are the two S—N trend faulted structure belts of east longitude 87° and 89°. There are S—N trend faulted structure belts in the west of east longitude 83°,81°, or near the longitudes. The structure belts spreading features,manifestation,geological function and its importance, and inter texture and structure are not exactly so same. The structure belts all different degree caused different region of geological structure or gravity field and magnetic field. There is different scale near S—N trend faulted structure belt between the belts.
文摘Visceral leishmaniasis(VL)(kala-azar)was most seriously prevalent in the plain regions of eight provinces/municipalities in the eastern and central parts of China.In the early 1950s,the number of counties/cities endemic for VL and the number of cases in the plain regions accounted for 60%and 80%,respectively,of the total numbers in the entire country.By implementing comprehensive control measures,including treatment of patients for eliminating the source of infection and spraying insecticide in endemic villages to kill sandflies,VL transmission has been brought under control in this region by the early 1960s,and no new infected cases have been found since 1983,achieving the goal of eliminating VL.
文摘Effective utilization of renewable energy sources and efficient management of electric energy are essential for any developing countries like India. This can be envisioned through the implementation of concepts of smart grid (SG). One of the key requisites for SG implementation is that the grid should be completely observable. Renovation of conventional Indian power grid to a SG necessitates incorporation of the phasor measure- ment units (PMUs) in the present power grid measurement and monitoring system. Since the cost of PMU is high and any bus containing a PMU makes the neighboring connected buses observable, optimal placement of PMUs is very important for complete observability of the grid. This paper proposes optimal redundant geographical locations in the northern, eastern and north-eastern regions of Indian power grid for PMU placement. The PMUs installed in these geographical locations will make the grid completely observable and maintain the observability under the conditions of failure of some PMUs or branch outages. Integer linear programming has been used for finding the optimal PMU locations. The results proposed in this paper can be a stepping stone for revamping the Indian power grid to a SG ensuring complete observability during different contingency conditions.
基金The Ethiopian Institute of Water Resources provided funding for this study.
文摘Background:Trachoma is a disease of the eye,caused by the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis,which can lead to blindness if left untreated.Ethiopia is one of the most trachoma-affected countries in the world.The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of and associated risk factors for active trachoma among children in selected woredas of North and South Wollo Zones in Amhara Region,Ethiopia.Methods:This study was a community-based,cross-sectional study,which was conducted from October to December 2014 among children aged 1-8.A four-stage random cluster sampling technique was employed to select the study areas and participants.From each selected household,one child was clinically assessed for active trachoma.A structured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic,behavioral,and clinical data.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the association between predictor variables and active trachoma.Results:The overall prevalence of active trachoma among 1358 children was found to be 21.6%(95%CI:19.4-23.8%).When analyzed by the presence or absence of individual WHO simplified system signs of active trachoma,trachomatous inflammation-follicular cases constituted18%(95%CI:15.9-20.2%),while 4.7%(95%CI:3.6-5.8%)were trachomatous inflammation-intense cases.Ocular discharge(aOR=5.2;95%CI:3.3-8.2),nasal discharge(aOR=1.8;95%CI:1.2-2.7),time taken to fetch water(aOR=0.02;95%CI:0.01-0.05),frequency of hand and face washing(aOR=4.4;95%CI:1.1-17.8),and access to a latrine(aOR=0.006;95%CI:0.001-0.030)were found to be independently associated with the presence of active trachoma.Conclusions:There is a high burden of active trachoma among children in the study areas.Lack of personal hygiene and limited access to a safe water supply and latrines were associated with increased prevalence of active trachoma.In order to reduce the burden of active trachoma,facial cleanliness and environmental improvement components of the SAFE strategy should be upgraded in the study areas.
文摘目的:探索南北方地区骨质疏松症患者中医体质的分布特点。方法:筛选2009年4月至2023年8月发表的有关中医体质与骨质疏松相关性研究的文献,以“骨质疏松”“中医体质”“osteoporosis”“traditional Chinese medical constitution”等为主题词进行检索,将最终纳入研究的文献按地区进行南北方划分,对纳入文献中的体质与骨质疏松数据进行南北方差异分析。结果:最终纳入研究的文献共19篇,其中南方地区9篇,北方地区10篇。Meta分析结果显示,南方地区气虚质(OR=2.46,95%CI:1.68~3.62)、阳虚质(OR=2.19,95%CI:1.83~2.63)发生骨质疏松的风险较高,痰湿质(OR=0.41,95%CI:0.32~0.53)及湿热质(OR=0.56,95%CI:0.35~0.89)为其保护性体质;北方地区血瘀质(OR=2.32,95%CI:1.51~3.58)、阳虚质(OR=2.28,95%CI:1.56~3.34)及阴虚质(OR=1.68,95%CI:1.07~2.64)发生骨质疏松的风险较高。结论:南北方地区体质与骨质疏松的相关性具有差异,在南方,气虚质、阳虚质为危险因素,痰湿质、湿热质为保护因素;在北方,血瘀质、阳虚质、阴虚质为危险因素。