Characteristics and distributions of humic acid(HA) and soil organic matter(SOM) in a yellow soil profile and a limestone soil profile of the southwest China Karst area were systematically investigated to reveal their...Characteristics and distributions of humic acid(HA) and soil organic matter(SOM) in a yellow soil profile and a limestone soil profile of the southwest China Karst area were systematically investigated to reveal their evolutions in different soils of the study area. The results showed that characteristics and distribution of SOM along the two soil profiles were notably different. Total organic carbon(TOC) contents of soil samples decreased just slightly along the limestone soil profile but sharply along the yellow soil profile. TOCs of the limestone soils were significantly higher than those of the corresponding yellow soils, and C/N ratios of SOMs showed a similar variation trend to that of TOCs, indicating that SOM can be better conserved in the limestone soil than in the yellow soil. The soil humic acids were exhaustively extracted and further fractionated according to their apparent molecular weights using ultrafiltration techniques to explore underlying conservation mechanisms. The result showed that C/N ratios of HAs from different limestone soil layers were relatively stable and that large molecular HA fractions predominated the bulk HA of the top soil, indicating that HA in the limestone profile was protected while bio and chemical degradations were retarded. Combined with organic elements contents and mineral contents of two soils, weconcluded that high calcium contents in limestone soils may play a key role in SOM conservation by forming complexation compounds with HAs or/and enclosing SOMs with hypergene CaCO_3 precipitation.展开更多
Guiyang is a famous tourist city located in southwestern China. In this study, dust from eleven residential areas, seven city squares, and nine schools was collected to measure the heavy metal levels and evaluate its ...Guiyang is a famous tourist city located in southwestern China. In this study, dust from eleven residential areas, seven city squares, and nine schools was collected to measure the heavy metal levels and evaluate its risk. At each sampling site, 4–5 sub-samples were taken as a bulk sample. All samples were air-dried, ground, passed through a 0.105 mm nylon sieve, digested with HNO3-HClO4 to determine the concentrations of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn by ICP-MS, and digested with 1:1 aqua regia to determine As by AFS. The results show that the concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in dust of Guiyang City follow normal distribution with means of 16.1, 1.54, 138, 47.7, 129 and 479 mg/kg, respectively. Levels of As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn exceed the background level of soil in Guizhou Province by 33%, 96%, 100%, 78%, 96%, and 100%, respectively. Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn are heavily accumulated in dust of living areas with accumulation factors of 4.10, 5.12, 4.12 and 5.51, respectively. City square possesses the highest geometric means of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn. The risks of heavy metal exposure to teenagers are not obvious and in an order of As>Pb>Cu>Ni>Zn(Cd).展开更多
The serious degradation of the ecological environment and the rapid expansion of stone desert have had a serious effect on the economic development of karst and rock-naked mountain areas in Southwest China. Moreover, ...The serious degradation of the ecological environment and the rapid expansion of stone desert have had a serious effect on the economic development of karst and rock-naked mountain areas in Southwest China. Moreover, these areas are still at the initial stage of industrialization, characterized by a greater significance of agriculture to the economy, face sharp contradictions among the population, the arable land and resources, and are suffering because of a shortage of investment. On the basis of this current situation, three recommendations are made in this article: "coordinating the relations among grain, ecology, population and economic development", "increasing the input of science and technology", and "adopting policies consistent with social equity in areas of poverty".展开更多
The Karst of Southwest China is a typical representative of poverty stricken region with impoverishment-degradation spiral. To essentially break away from this vicious circle, the local ecology, economy and society s...The Karst of Southwest China is a typical representative of poverty stricken region with impoverishment-degradation spiral. To essentially break away from this vicious circle, the local ecology, economy and society should be rehabilitated, and hence to strengthen the self-development capacity building of the localities. Two considerations are stressed in this article: (1) Poverty alleviation is a system project with great complexities. Any single approach is difficult to success and integrated measures should be taken. (2) Some typical and feasible areas should be selected to demonstrate the project of poverty alleviation and ecological, socio-economic reconstruction. Then, they can be used as a model to promote the sustainable development of the whole region. Based upon these ideals, a project entitled “Reversal of Impoverishment-Degradation Spiral in the Karst of Southwest China' was proposed and has been listed in 《Priority Programme for China's Agenda 21》.展开更多
This paper focuses on migration occurrence as a result of environmental degradation and population growth. It briefly reviews previous practices in some less developed courtries and then considers the extent to which ...This paper focuses on migration occurrence as a result of environmental degradation and population growth. It briefly reviews previous practices in some less developed courtries and then considers the extent to which environmental factors have been and may be significant in initiating migration. A case study of the karst region of southwest China is used to illustrate the phenomenon, including root causes, restrictive factors, nature of the migration, desires of migrants, strategies of response and optional policies. It is argued that a comprehensive approach to the prevention of environmentally caused displacement should be developed.展开更多
在全球变暖的背景下,西南地区整体上气温升高降水减少,作为中国重要的碳汇地区,西南地区的植被动态监测与模拟对深入了解其碳循环机制和促进经济可持续发展具有重要意义。本研究利用陆面过程模式(Community Land Model version5, CLM5)...在全球变暖的背景下,西南地区整体上气温升高降水减少,作为中国重要的碳汇地区,西南地区的植被动态监测与模拟对深入了解其碳循环机制和促进经济可持续发展具有重要意义。本研究利用陆面过程模式(Community Land Model version5, CLM5),模拟和分析西南地区2000-2016年叶面积指数LAI(Leaf Area Index, LAI)和总初级生产力GPP(Gross Primary Productivity, GPP)的时空变化特征,并与多套遥感数据进行对比,评估CLM5在西南地区对LAI和GPP模拟的适用性。研究结果表明,CLM5能较好地模拟西南地区LAI和GPP的季节变化规律,但模拟存在对LAI生长季的高估,以及对GPP全年低估,对温带落叶阔叶灌木的LAI、高寒C3草甸的LAI、 GPP和C3草甸的GPP模拟效果较好。CLM5能够较好地刻画西南地区LAI和GPP空间分布格局,表现为由东南向西北递减,但整体上CLM5对西南地区LAI模拟偏高,特别是对贵州喀斯特地貌地区LAI的模拟偏高。与模型对LAI模拟高估相反,CLM5对西南地区GPP的模拟整体偏低,特别是云南地区。此外,CLM5对西南地区LAI和GPP的变化趋势模拟效果较差,特别是在云南大部分地区,遥感数据主要呈现上升趋势,而CLM5模拟呈现下降趋势。整体上,CLM5能模拟出西南地区LAI和GPP的季节变化规律和空间分布,但对云南和贵州部分地区的变化趋势模拟较差,仍需要针对四川盆地农田、云南森林、和贵州喀斯特地区植被发展更深入的参数化方案来提升模拟效果。展开更多
基金financial supports are from the National Major Research Program of China (2013CB956702)the Natural Science Foundation of China (41273149, 41173129)+2 种基金the Science Foundation of Guizhou (20113109)the 100-Talent Program of CASthe opening project from the state key laboratory of environmental geochemistry
文摘Characteristics and distributions of humic acid(HA) and soil organic matter(SOM) in a yellow soil profile and a limestone soil profile of the southwest China Karst area were systematically investigated to reveal their evolutions in different soils of the study area. The results showed that characteristics and distribution of SOM along the two soil profiles were notably different. Total organic carbon(TOC) contents of soil samples decreased just slightly along the limestone soil profile but sharply along the yellow soil profile. TOCs of the limestone soils were significantly higher than those of the corresponding yellow soils, and C/N ratios of SOMs showed a similar variation trend to that of TOCs, indicating that SOM can be better conserved in the limestone soil than in the yellow soil. The soil humic acids were exhaustively extracted and further fractionated according to their apparent molecular weights using ultrafiltration techniques to explore underlying conservation mechanisms. The result showed that C/N ratios of HAs from different limestone soil layers were relatively stable and that large molecular HA fractions predominated the bulk HA of the top soil, indicating that HA in the limestone profile was protected while bio and chemical degradations were retarded. Combined with organic elements contents and mineral contents of two soils, weconcluded that high calcium contents in limestone soils may play a key role in SOM conservation by forming complexation compounds with HAs or/and enclosing SOMs with hypergene CaCO_3 precipitation.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(41161079)
文摘Guiyang is a famous tourist city located in southwestern China. In this study, dust from eleven residential areas, seven city squares, and nine schools was collected to measure the heavy metal levels and evaluate its risk. At each sampling site, 4–5 sub-samples were taken as a bulk sample. All samples were air-dried, ground, passed through a 0.105 mm nylon sieve, digested with HNO3-HClO4 to determine the concentrations of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn by ICP-MS, and digested with 1:1 aqua regia to determine As by AFS. The results show that the concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in dust of Guiyang City follow normal distribution with means of 16.1, 1.54, 138, 47.7, 129 and 479 mg/kg, respectively. Levels of As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn exceed the background level of soil in Guizhou Province by 33%, 96%, 100%, 78%, 96%, and 100%, respectively. Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn are heavily accumulated in dust of living areas with accumulation factors of 4.10, 5.12, 4.12 and 5.51, respectively. City square possesses the highest geometric means of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn. The risks of heavy metal exposure to teenagers are not obvious and in an order of As>Pb>Cu>Ni>Zn(Cd).
文摘The serious degradation of the ecological environment and the rapid expansion of stone desert have had a serious effect on the economic development of karst and rock-naked mountain areas in Southwest China. Moreover, these areas are still at the initial stage of industrialization, characterized by a greater significance of agriculture to the economy, face sharp contradictions among the population, the arable land and resources, and are suffering because of a shortage of investment. On the basis of this current situation, three recommendations are made in this article: "coordinating the relations among grain, ecology, population and economic development", "increasing the input of science and technology", and "adopting policies consistent with social equity in areas of poverty".
文摘The Karst of Southwest China is a typical representative of poverty stricken region with impoverishment-degradation spiral. To essentially break away from this vicious circle, the local ecology, economy and society should be rehabilitated, and hence to strengthen the self-development capacity building of the localities. Two considerations are stressed in this article: (1) Poverty alleviation is a system project with great complexities. Any single approach is difficult to success and integrated measures should be taken. (2) Some typical and feasible areas should be selected to demonstrate the project of poverty alleviation and ecological, socio-economic reconstruction. Then, they can be used as a model to promote the sustainable development of the whole region. Based upon these ideals, a project entitled “Reversal of Impoverishment-Degradation Spiral in the Karst of Southwest China' was proposed and has been listed in 《Priority Programme for China's Agenda 21》.
文摘This paper focuses on migration occurrence as a result of environmental degradation and population growth. It briefly reviews previous practices in some less developed courtries and then considers the extent to which environmental factors have been and may be significant in initiating migration. A case study of the karst region of southwest China is used to illustrate the phenomenon, including root causes, restrictive factors, nature of the migration, desires of migrants, strategies of response and optional policies. It is argued that a comprehensive approach to the prevention of environmentally caused displacement should be developed.
文摘在全球变暖的背景下,西南地区整体上气温升高降水减少,作为中国重要的碳汇地区,西南地区的植被动态监测与模拟对深入了解其碳循环机制和促进经济可持续发展具有重要意义。本研究利用陆面过程模式(Community Land Model version5, CLM5),模拟和分析西南地区2000-2016年叶面积指数LAI(Leaf Area Index, LAI)和总初级生产力GPP(Gross Primary Productivity, GPP)的时空变化特征,并与多套遥感数据进行对比,评估CLM5在西南地区对LAI和GPP模拟的适用性。研究结果表明,CLM5能较好地模拟西南地区LAI和GPP的季节变化规律,但模拟存在对LAI生长季的高估,以及对GPP全年低估,对温带落叶阔叶灌木的LAI、高寒C3草甸的LAI、 GPP和C3草甸的GPP模拟效果较好。CLM5能够较好地刻画西南地区LAI和GPP空间分布格局,表现为由东南向西北递减,但整体上CLM5对西南地区LAI模拟偏高,特别是对贵州喀斯特地貌地区LAI的模拟偏高。与模型对LAI模拟高估相反,CLM5对西南地区GPP的模拟整体偏低,特别是云南地区。此外,CLM5对西南地区LAI和GPP的变化趋势模拟效果较差,特别是在云南大部分地区,遥感数据主要呈现上升趋势,而CLM5模拟呈现下降趋势。整体上,CLM5能模拟出西南地区LAI和GPP的季节变化规律和空间分布,但对云南和贵州部分地区的变化趋势模拟较差,仍需要针对四川盆地农田、云南森林、和贵州喀斯特地区植被发展更深入的参数化方案来提升模拟效果。
