利用多源观测资料及ERA5(ECMWF reanalysis version 5)再分析资料,从气候统计、天气分析及物理量诊断等角度,分析2023年8月2—4日黑龙江省东南部一次极端强降水过程。高空持续辐散、副热带高压和东北北部冷涡稳定少动、西南低空急流持...利用多源观测资料及ERA5(ECMWF reanalysis version 5)再分析资料,从气候统计、天气分析及物理量诊断等角度,分析2023年8月2—4日黑龙江省东南部一次极端强降水过程。高空持续辐散、副热带高压和东北北部冷涡稳定少动、西南低空急流持续水汽输送等有利条件是此次强降水过程持续时间较长的主要原因。该过程可分为两个阶段:第1阶段,经向水汽净收入层和大气饱和层深厚,大气层结为弱对流不稳定;中层受西北气流控制,低层西南急流发展、伴随弱低涡东移,形成水平风速辐合及系统性上升运动,产生大范围持续性降水;该阶段以层积混合云为主,降水效率高,个别时段伴有列车效应,造成极端小时降水量及较大累积降水量。第2阶段,经向水汽净收入集中在对流层低层,且中心强度较大,对流层低层暖湿、饱和,中高层干冷,大气具有较强对流不稳定;在中层槽和低层暖式切变的系统性抬升以及地形辐合抬升的共同作用下,局地有积云发展,引发短时强降水,降水强度分布不均。展开更多
受登陆北上台风“利奇马”等影响,2019年8月9~12日山东省出现连续暴雨,其中10日夜间出现降雨峰值。利用中国气象局上海台风研究所(Shanghai Typhoon Institute of China Meteorological Administration,简称CMA-STI)热带气旋最佳路径数...受登陆北上台风“利奇马”等影响,2019年8月9~12日山东省出现连续暴雨,其中10日夜间出现降雨峰值。利用中国气象局上海台风研究所(Shanghai Typhoon Institute of China Meteorological Administration,简称CMA-STI)热带气旋最佳路径数据、山东省自动气象站逐时降雨量、常规观测资料、中国风云二号地球静止气象卫星(FY-2G)0.1°×0.1°逐小时云顶相当黑体亮温和美国环境预报中心(National Center of Environmental Prediction,简称NCEP)1°×1°逐6 h再分析等资料,主要运用纬向风局地变化方程与大气动能方程,诊断分析降雨明显增幅与高、低层风场变化的关系。结果表明:(1)暴雨主要影响系统有高低空急流、500 hPa西风槽、850 hPa台风倒槽及“利奇马”本体环流等。10日200 hPa中纬度大尺度西南风急流东南移影响鲁西北,当天08:00(北京时,下同)850 hPa因双台风活动而形成的大尺度东南风急流突然北伸越过山东省。台风倒槽对流云与本体环流对流云先、后北移经鲁中,累积效应造成该地区10日夜间雨量最大。(2)10日20:00850 hPa章丘站东北侧出现了过程最快东风增幅,纬向运动方程诊断结果表明,东风平流是东风增加最主要原因,地转偏向力项则不利于东风增加。(3)10日20:00章丘站200 hPa西南风风力明显加大形成急流,10日08:00至11日08:00青岛站850 hPa维持东南风低空急流。同时位于高空急流右后侧与低空急流左前方是鲁中附近10日夜间降雨增幅的重要原因。章丘200 hPa与青岛850 hPa都是在最大风力之前12 h动能增加最快。动能方程诊断表明,最有利于鲁西北高空急流形成的是位能平流项,最有利于鲁东南低空急流形成的是动能垂直通量散度项。(4)10日20:00至13日08:00“利奇马”本体环流一直在影响山东,暴雨期间山东中部地形的动力作用也一直存在,而降雨的峰值是出现在10日夜间,说明10日20:00前后高、低空急流的耦合可能是山东暴雨增幅的主要影响因子。其主要作用至少有加强山东中部的垂直运动、整层水汽输送与静力不稳定度等方面。展开更多
Based on the data of the National Climate Center of China and the NCEP of the United States, a heavy precipitation process in eastern China during July 26-29, 2022 was analyzed. The results show that: The precipitatio...Based on the data of the National Climate Center of China and the NCEP of the United States, a heavy precipitation process in eastern China during July 26-29, 2022 was analyzed. The results show that: The precipitation process was formed under the influence of the low level southwest jet stream at the edge of the subtropical high. The eastward development of the low vortex and trough and the continuous strengthening of the upper level jet stream, combined with the influence of topographic convergence, provided extremely favorable conditions for the occurrence of the rainstorm.展开更多
Using NCEP 1° × 1° reanalysis data within 6 h, conventional observational data, data from regional automatic rainfall stations, satellite cloud pictures and Doppler radar data, we compared the physical ...Using NCEP 1° × 1° reanalysis data within 6 h, conventional observational data, data from regional automatic rainfall stations, satellite cloud pictures and Doppler radar data, we compared the physical conditions, dynamic and thermodynamic characteristics of two rainstorms in the southwest of Hunan Province on May 12 and June 15 in 2011. The results showed that the first process was triggered by strong cold air under unstable potential, while the second process was caused by shear line appearing from the east; during the first process, cold air divided into many parts and moved towards south, rainfall was uniform and lasted for a long time, while rainfall was relatively concentrated and strong, and lasted for a short time during the second process; the peak of K index appeared only during the second process; no sign of heavy rainfall was found from satellite cloud pictures and radar echo pictures during the first process, while obvious cloud cluster and echo ribbons could be found from satellite cloud pictures and radar echo pictures during the second process, which were the sign of heavy rainfall; slow movement of echo or little movement resulted in the second rainstorm, and constant echo intensity was the main reason for the occurrence of the second rainstorm. In addition, there was low-level southwest jet during the two processes, which provided favorable conditions for the transportation of water vapor and energy during the two processes. However, there was a great difference between the two rainstorms in the intensity and thickness of low-level jet, that is, the intensity and thickness of low-level jet during the first process were obviously weaker than these during the second process.展开更多
Using a new vortex detection and tracing method, a dataset of the Southwest Vortex(SWV) is established based on Japanese 25-year Reanalysis(JRA-25) reanalysis data during 1979–2008. The spatiotemporal features of the...Using a new vortex detection and tracing method, a dataset of the Southwest Vortex(SWV) is established based on Japanese 25-year Reanalysis(JRA-25) reanalysis data during 1979–2008. The spatiotemporal features of the SWV are derived from the dataset. In comparison to other seasons, summer yields the least SWVs, but with the highest probability that they will migrate from their region of origin. SWVs mostly emerge in the southwest of the Sichuan Basin and the southeast of the Tibetan Plateau. Migratory SWVs mainly move along either an eastward or southeastward path. Detailed composite analysis of warm-season SWVs shows that the subtropical high is a key factor in determining the direction of migratory SWVs. Furthermore, the steering wind at 700 hPa dominates the moving direction of migratory SWVs. Potential stability diagnosed by pseudo-equivalent potential temperature ? se is of certain significance for the evolution and movement of SWVs. On the other hand, migratory SWVs possess relatively greater strength than stationary SWVs, due to a stronger low-level jet with enhanced baroclinicity and moisture transport providing more energy to support the growth of SWVs along their paths of movement.展开更多
文摘利用多源观测资料及ERA5(ECMWF reanalysis version 5)再分析资料,从气候统计、天气分析及物理量诊断等角度,分析2023年8月2—4日黑龙江省东南部一次极端强降水过程。高空持续辐散、副热带高压和东北北部冷涡稳定少动、西南低空急流持续水汽输送等有利条件是此次强降水过程持续时间较长的主要原因。该过程可分为两个阶段:第1阶段,经向水汽净收入层和大气饱和层深厚,大气层结为弱对流不稳定;中层受西北气流控制,低层西南急流发展、伴随弱低涡东移,形成水平风速辐合及系统性上升运动,产生大范围持续性降水;该阶段以层积混合云为主,降水效率高,个别时段伴有列车效应,造成极端小时降水量及较大累积降水量。第2阶段,经向水汽净收入集中在对流层低层,且中心强度较大,对流层低层暖湿、饱和,中高层干冷,大气具有较强对流不稳定;在中层槽和低层暖式切变的系统性抬升以及地形辐合抬升的共同作用下,局地有积云发展,引发短时强降水,降水强度分布不均。
文摘受登陆北上台风“利奇马”等影响,2019年8月9~12日山东省出现连续暴雨,其中10日夜间出现降雨峰值。利用中国气象局上海台风研究所(Shanghai Typhoon Institute of China Meteorological Administration,简称CMA-STI)热带气旋最佳路径数据、山东省自动气象站逐时降雨量、常规观测资料、中国风云二号地球静止气象卫星(FY-2G)0.1°×0.1°逐小时云顶相当黑体亮温和美国环境预报中心(National Center of Environmental Prediction,简称NCEP)1°×1°逐6 h再分析等资料,主要运用纬向风局地变化方程与大气动能方程,诊断分析降雨明显增幅与高、低层风场变化的关系。结果表明:(1)暴雨主要影响系统有高低空急流、500 hPa西风槽、850 hPa台风倒槽及“利奇马”本体环流等。10日200 hPa中纬度大尺度西南风急流东南移影响鲁西北,当天08:00(北京时,下同)850 hPa因双台风活动而形成的大尺度东南风急流突然北伸越过山东省。台风倒槽对流云与本体环流对流云先、后北移经鲁中,累积效应造成该地区10日夜间雨量最大。(2)10日20:00850 hPa章丘站东北侧出现了过程最快东风增幅,纬向运动方程诊断结果表明,东风平流是东风增加最主要原因,地转偏向力项则不利于东风增加。(3)10日20:00章丘站200 hPa西南风风力明显加大形成急流,10日08:00至11日08:00青岛站850 hPa维持东南风低空急流。同时位于高空急流右后侧与低空急流左前方是鲁中附近10日夜间降雨增幅的重要原因。章丘200 hPa与青岛850 hPa都是在最大风力之前12 h动能增加最快。动能方程诊断表明,最有利于鲁西北高空急流形成的是位能平流项,最有利于鲁东南低空急流形成的是动能垂直通量散度项。(4)10日20:00至13日08:00“利奇马”本体环流一直在影响山东,暴雨期间山东中部地形的动力作用也一直存在,而降雨的峰值是出现在10日夜间,说明10日20:00前后高、低空急流的耦合可能是山东暴雨增幅的主要影响因子。其主要作用至少有加强山东中部的垂直运动、整层水汽输送与静力不稳定度等方面。
文摘Based on the data of the National Climate Center of China and the NCEP of the United States, a heavy precipitation process in eastern China during July 26-29, 2022 was analyzed. The results show that: The precipitation process was formed under the influence of the low level southwest jet stream at the edge of the subtropical high. The eastward development of the low vortex and trough and the continuous strengthening of the upper level jet stream, combined with the influence of topographic convergence, provided extremely favorable conditions for the occurrence of the rainstorm.
文摘Using NCEP 1° × 1° reanalysis data within 6 h, conventional observational data, data from regional automatic rainfall stations, satellite cloud pictures and Doppler radar data, we compared the physical conditions, dynamic and thermodynamic characteristics of two rainstorms in the southwest of Hunan Province on May 12 and June 15 in 2011. The results showed that the first process was triggered by strong cold air under unstable potential, while the second process was caused by shear line appearing from the east; during the first process, cold air divided into many parts and moved towards south, rainfall was uniform and lasted for a long time, while rainfall was relatively concentrated and strong, and lasted for a short time during the second process; the peak of K index appeared only during the second process; no sign of heavy rainfall was found from satellite cloud pictures and radar echo pictures during the first process, while obvious cloud cluster and echo ribbons could be found from satellite cloud pictures and radar echo pictures during the second process, which were the sign of heavy rainfall; slow movement of echo or little movement resulted in the second rainstorm, and constant echo intensity was the main reason for the occurrence of the second rainstorm. In addition, there was low-level southwest jet during the two processes, which provided favorable conditions for the transportation of water vapor and energy during the two processes. However, there was a great difference between the two rainstorms in the intensity and thickness of low-level jet, that is, the intensity and thickness of low-level jet during the first process were obviously weaker than these during the second process.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41275064 and 41175057)the Public Science and Technology Research Fund Projects of the Ocean (Grant No. 201005019)
文摘Using a new vortex detection and tracing method, a dataset of the Southwest Vortex(SWV) is established based on Japanese 25-year Reanalysis(JRA-25) reanalysis data during 1979–2008. The spatiotemporal features of the SWV are derived from the dataset. In comparison to other seasons, summer yields the least SWVs, but with the highest probability that they will migrate from their region of origin. SWVs mostly emerge in the southwest of the Sichuan Basin and the southeast of the Tibetan Plateau. Migratory SWVs mainly move along either an eastward or southeastward path. Detailed composite analysis of warm-season SWVs shows that the subtropical high is a key factor in determining the direction of migratory SWVs. Furthermore, the steering wind at 700 hPa dominates the moving direction of migratory SWVs. Potential stability diagnosed by pseudo-equivalent potential temperature ? se is of certain significance for the evolution and movement of SWVs. On the other hand, migratory SWVs possess relatively greater strength than stationary SWVs, due to a stronger low-level jet with enhanced baroclinicity and moisture transport providing more energy to support the growth of SWVs along their paths of movement.
