Organic geochemical,petrographic and palynological characterization of claystones of the Palaeogene Toraja Formation,and oil seeps in the Enrekang Sub-basin,south Sulawesi,Indonesia:Implications for hydrocarbon source rock potential

An organic geochemical,petrographical,and palynological evaluation was conducted on 30 claystone outcrop samples of the Toraja Formation,along with a geochemical analysis of an oil seep in the Enrekang Sub-basin.The aim of the study was to determine the correlation between oil and source rock in terms of age,depositional environment,organic material sources,and maturity level.The total organic carbon content of the claystone samples varies from 0.03 to 4.52 wt%,which are classified as poor to excellent.The claystones are immature to post-mature with a mixture of TypeⅡandⅢkerogen.Their vitrinite reflectance values range from 0.47 to 4.52%Ro.The samples of Toraja Formation rock and the oil seep source rock might have a similar depositional environment,a deltaic marine depositional setting with high oxidizing conditions.Organic material sources for rock and oil samples are dominated by terrestrial input.The oil is inferred to have originated from the Paleogene source rocks,which correlates in age with the Toraja Formation.The recovered palynomorphs from the studied rock samples suggest a late Eocene to Oligocene age with a strong terrestrial influence of shallow marine depositional setting.The biomarker analysis shows that the rock samples have a more substantial contribution from the terrigenous higher plants,while the oil sample indicates a higher degree of marine influence.The maturity levels are also different between the oil(peak mature)and the analyzed rock samples(immature).It is inferred that the oil seep source rock is equivalent to the analyzed rock sample but more mature,having been deposited under more marine conditions.The oil seep source rock is not exposed and is located in the deeper part of the basin.A deeper marine facies(i.e.distal delta front and prodelta facies)in front of the distributary mouth bar within a delta is interpreted as the source rock of the oil seep sample.

Distribution and influencing factors of microeukaryote in different water layers of the southwestern Indian Ocean Ridge

Microeukaryotes play a vital role in shaping marine ecosystems,especially in marine productivity,the microbial food web,and carbon cycle.The Indian Ocean is one of the largest oligotrophic areas in the world,but little is known about the biodiversity of microeukaryotes in the area.The community composition and geographical distribution of microeukaryotes collected from the surface(SUR)and deep chlorophyll maximum(DCM)layers in the southwestern Indian Ocean were studied using high-throughput sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene.The metagenomic data helped quantify the impact of environmental factors on microeukaryotic communities.The relative abundance of different taxa groups exhibited distinct patterns between SUR and DCM layers,except for the most dominant Dinoflagellata that accounted for more than 40.6%abundance in each sample.Radiolaria was much more abundant in the nutrient-rich DCM layer than the SUR layer.The community similarity of microeukaryotes decreased with increasing of geographic distance,whereas the temperature and inorganic nitrogen were the most important environmental parameters to community structure.Abundant communities were more influenced by dispersal limitations and rare communities were more responsive to environmental factors.Correlation network analyses revealed strong biotic interactions indicative of parasitism,predation and competition,and their contribution to microeukaryotic population in diverse environments.Overall,this study provided insights into the biodiversity of microeukaryotes by characterizing the differences between water layers and identifying the driving factors in the ocean.

Modern pollen-vegetation relationships along altitudinal vegetation belts in the Leigong Mountain of southwestern China

Understanding the distribution,dispersal,and correlation of modern pollen with vegetation in mountainous regions is essential for establishing accurate modern analogs for fossil pollen records.This study,conducted in Leigong Mountain on the YunnanGuizhou Plateau of southwestern China,involved the collection of 35 surface soil samples from diverse vegetation communities along an elevational gradient ranging from 1210 to 1875 meters.The results reveal a close correspondence between modern pollen assemblages and vegetation zones.Principal Component Analysis(PCA)results indicate that pollen assemblages can effectively distinguish between subtropical montane evergreen broad-leaved forest(SEBF)and subtropical montane deciduous broadleaved forest(SDBF).However,both SEBF and SDBF show significant overlap with subtropical montane evergreen-deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest(SEMF).Detrended Correspondence Analysis(DCA)results clearly distinguish the three vegetation zones,and the first axis of DCA shows a significant positive correlation with elevation(p<0.01,R=0.48).Discriminant Analysis(DA)successfully assigns 94.4%of the modern pollen samples to their respective vegetation zones.Pollen taxa such as Impatiens,Astertype,and Rosaceae exhibit significant indicative capabilities for the SEBF zone,effectively distinguishing this vegetation zone from others.Pinus and Alnus display overrepresentation in the Leigong Mountain region,while Quercus(D,deciduous-type)and Poaceae exhibit high representation in the SEBF zone.In the SEBF zone,both pollen diversity and richness are the lowest.Our study reveals the complex relationship between the richness and diversity of pollen and vegetation.The diversity and richness of tree and shrub pollen are found to be lower than those of the corresponding plants.The pollen-vegetation relationship elucidated in this study serves as a critical reference for reconstructing ancient environments from fossil pollen retrieved in this region.

Metamorphic P-T conditions and ages of garnet-biotite schists in the Dahongshan Group from the southwestern Yangtze Block

The Dahongshan Group,situated at the southwestern margin of the Yangtze Block,represents a geological unit characterized by relatively high-grade metamorphism in the region.This paper investigates the garnet-biotite schist from the Laochanghe Formation of the Dahongshan Group,employing an integrated approach that includes petrological analysis,phase equilibrium modeling,and zircon U-Pb dating.The schist is mainly composed of garnet,biotite,plagioclase,quartz,rutile,and ilmenite.Phase equilibrium modeling revealed the peak metamorphic conditions of 8-9 kbar and 635-675°C.By further integrating the prograde metamorphic profile of garnet and geothermobarometric results,a clockwise P-T metamorphic evolution path is constructed,which includes an increase in temperature and pressure during the prograde stage.LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating and zircon Ti thermometry constrains the post-peak metamorphic age of 831.2±7.2 Ma.Integrated with previously reported results,it is revealed that the southwestern margin of the Yangtze Block experienced a large-scale regional metamorphism during the Neoproterozoic(890-750 Ma),which is related to the collisional orogenic process.This may be associated with the late-stage assembly of the Rodinia supercontinent or with local compression and subduction processes during the breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent.

Seasonal Prediction of Extreme High-Temperature Days in Southwestern China Based on the Physical Precursors

Extreme high temperatures frequently occur in southwestern China,significantly impacting the local ecological system and economic development.However,accurate prediction of extreme high-temperature days(EHDs)in this region is still an unresolved challenge.Based on the spatiotemporal characteristics of EHDs over China,a domain-averaged EHD index over southwestern China(SWC-EHDs)during April-May is defined.The simultaneous dynamic and thermodynamic fields associated with the increased SWC-EHDs are a local upper-level anticyclonic(high-pressure)anomaly and wavy geopotential height anomaly patterns over Eurasia.In tracing the origins of the lower boundary anomalies,two physically meaningful precursors are detected for SWC-EHDs.They are the tripolar SST change tendency from December-January to February-March in the northern Atlantic and the February-March mean snow depth in central Asia.Using these two selected predictors,a physics-based empirical model prediction was applied to the training period of 1961–2005 to obtain a skillful prediction of the EHDs index,attaining a correlation coefficient of 0.76 in the independent prediction period(2006–19),suggesting that 58%of the total SWC-EHDs variability is predictable.This study provides an estimate for the lower bound of the seasonal predictability of EHDs as well as for the hydrological drought over southwestern China.

The Geochemistry of Carbonate Rocks in Igwe Igarra, Southwestern Nigeria

Nigeria has an abundance of valuable solid minerals and rocks which can generate revenue for the government if they are fully exploited. Carbonate rock is one of such rocks that occur prominently in Igwe Igarra area of Edo State. Five (5) carbonate rock samples (Four marble and One Calcsilicate) were subjected to geochemical analyses. A petrographic study reveals that marble and calcsilicate contain calcite, quartz, microcline, plagioclase, biotite and opaque minerals. Geochemical data shows that carbonate rocks have variable geochemical characteristics: Igwe marble is highly Calcitic (96% - 98%) and very low in dolomite Mg(CO3). Calcsilicate rock is low in CaO (27.5%) and higher in marble. The Igwe marble is pure and contains fewer impurities compared to calcsilicate rock which makes it unideal for usage. Based on these characteristics the marble from Igwe is suitable as raw materials for the productions of glass, papers, beet sugar, aggregates, lubricants and fillers.

Origin of a giant fuzzy reflection zone and its implication for natural gas exploration in the southwestern Qiongdongnan Basin of the South China Sea

The southwestern depression of the Qiongdongnan Basin(QDNB)hosts thick Cenozoic sediments and awaits major hydrocarbon discovery.Multichannel seismic(MCS)profile CFT2011 across the southwestern QDNB reveals a~60-km-wide fuzzy reflection zone(FRZ)within the sediments,but its origin and distribution remain unclear.Here ocean bottom seismometer(OBS)data of Line CFT2011 are processed with focus on the velocity structures by traveltime tomography inversion and analyzed together with the coincident and adjacent MCS profiles.The OBS velocity results show that the giant FRZ features lower velocity with difference up to 1.5 km/s and smaller vertical velocity gradient than the surrounding sedimentary sequences at the same depth,likely resulting from enhanced fluid infilling.The MCS profile exhibits that the giant FRZ is about 3-9-km thick and extends from the Paleogene strata rich in organic matters upward to the lower Pleistocene sediments.Within the shallow overlying sediments,multiple bright spots with reverse polarity are imaged and their reflection amplitudes increase with offset,consistent with the features of gas-charged sediments.They are probably shallow gas reservoirs with gases sourced from the deep FRZ.Therefore,the FRZ is proposed to be a giant gas-charged zone,which probably contains lots of hydrocarbon gases migrated vertically from the deep Paleogene source rocks through the boundary faults of the depressions and the minor fractures generated under overpressure.This FRZ is also imaged on the adjacent MCS profiles MCS-L1 and MCS-L2 with the width of about 40 km and 68 km,respectively.It is roughly estimated to cover an area of~1900 km2 and host a volume of~11400 km3 assuming an average thickness of 6 km,implying huge natural gas potential in the sedimentary depression of the southwestern QDNB of the South China Sea.

Assessing Water Resources Access of Nouhao Sub-Basin, Burkina Faso

Water resource access in the Nouhao sub-basin, assessed based on the availability of drinking water mobilization facilities, the availability of water for uses and the quality of drinking water, revealed that in 2017 the basin was covered by 1249 modern water point, main drinking water sources. On average, the sub-basin shows a ratio of 271 users per drinking water point. Communal level shows some disparity with Bittou recording the highest number of people per drinking water point, i.e., around 537. Water that can be captured in the entire sub-basin meets only 42% of the total water needs from the three mains uses: irrigation, domestic consumption and livestock. The highest demander among these uses is Irrigation with 75% of the need, i.e., approximately 12,859,995 m3. Water in 33% drinking sources of this sub basin is of poor quality. Arsenic, one of the quality parameters studied, is found in some communes of the sub-basin. 11% of the water points in Bissiga are arsenic polluted making this commune the most arsenic contaminated location. The vulnerability maps deducted from lack of water for uses;lack of drinking water works and poor water quality shows so, the exposure level of the sub-basin’ communes to some potential risks related to low water resources access.

Migration of paleo-uplift in southwestern Tarim Basin and its implications for orogenesis and reservoir development, NW China

Based on well horizon calibration,the typical seismic profiles in southwestern Tarim Basin were interpreted systematically,regional geological sections were established,and the regional denudation thickness of each tectonic period was restored.On this basis,the plane morphology maps of ancient structures of the Cambrian pre-salt dolomites in different periods were compiled,and the spatial distribution,development,evolution and migration of paleo-uplift in the late Early Paleozoic were analyzed.In the late Early Paleozoic,there existed a unified regional paleo-uplift widely distributed in southwestern Tarim Basin,which is called the southwestern Tarim plaeo-uplift.The“Tarim SW paleo-uplift”and“Hetian paleo-uplift”proposed in previous literatures are not independent,but the result of the spatio-temporal migration and evolution of the southwestern Tarim paleo-uplift identified in this paper.The southwestern Tarim paleo-uplift emerged at the end of Middle Ordovician,and took its initial shape with increased amplitude in the Late Ordovician.During the Silurian,the southwestern Tarim paleo-uplift rose steadily and expanded rapidly to the east,incorporating Pishan-Hetian and other areas,with the structural high locating in the Pishan-Hetian area.During the Devonian,the southwestern Tarim paleo-uplift began to shrink gradually,to a limited range in the Pishan-Hetian area in the southern part of the basin.During the Carboniferous,the southwestern Tarim paleo-uplift became an underwater uplift,that is,the paleo-uplift gradually died out.The southwestern Tarim paleo-uplift belongs to the forebulge of the southwestern Tarim foreland basin in the late Early Paleozoic,and its formation and evolution are related to the early Paleozoic orogeny of the West Kunlun orogenic belt in the south of the Tarim Basin.The migration of the southwestern Tarim paleo-uplift from the northwestern part of the southwestern Tarim Basin to the Pishan-Hetian area indicates the early Paleozoic orogenic process of the West Kunlun orogenic belt,which started in the western section at the end of Middle Ordovician and extended from west to east in a“scissor”style.The migration and evolution of the southwestern Tarim paleo-uplift controlled the development of unconformities at the end of Middle Ordovician,the end of Late Ordovician,and the end of Middle Devonian,and the spatial distribution of dissolved fracture-cave reservoirs in weathered crust below the unconformities in the southwest of Tarim Basin.The migration of the structural high of the southwestern Tarim paleo-uplift also played an important role in controlling the development of dissolved fracture-cave reservoirs in weathered crust.

Assessment of Climate Change’s Impacts on River Flows in the Songwe Sub-Basin

River flow in the Songwe sub-basin is predicted to alter due to climate change, which would have an impact on aquatic habitats, infrastructure, and people’s way of life. Therefore, the influence of climate change should be taken into account when making decisions about the sustainable management of water resources in the sub-basin. This study looked into how river discharge would react to climate change in the future. By contrasting hydrological characteristics simulated under historical climate (1981-2010) with projected climate (2011-2040, 2041-2070, and 2071-2100) under two emission scenarios, the effects of climate change on river flow were evaluated (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5). The ensemble average of four CORDEX regional climate models was built to address the issue of uncertainty introduced by the climate models. The SWAT model was force-calibrated using the results from the generated ensemble average for the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 emission scenarios in order to mimic the river flow during past (1981-2010) and future (2011-2100) events. The increase in river flows for the Songwe sub-basin is predicted to be largest during the rainy season by both the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios. Under RCP 8.5, the abrupt decrease in river flow is anticipated to reach its maximum in March 2037, when the discharge will be 44.84 m3/sec, and in March 2027, when the discharge will be 48 m3/sec. The extreme surge in river flow will peak, according to the RCA4, in February 2023, in April 2083 under RCP 4.5, and, according to the CCLM4 and RCA4, in November 2027 and November 2046, respectively. The expected decrease and increase in river flow throughout both the dry and wet seasons may have an impact on the management of the sub-water basin’s resources, biodiversity, and hydraulic structures. The right adaptations and mitigation strategies should be adopted in order to lessen the negative consequences of climate change on precipitation, temperature, and river flow in the sub-basin.

Future meteorological drought conditions in southwestern Iran based on the NEX-GDDP climate dataset

Investigation of the climate change effects on drought is required to develop management strategies for minimizing adverse social and economic impacts.Therefore,studying the future meteorological drought conditions at a local scale is vital.In this study,we assessed the efficiency of seven downscaled Global Climate Models(GCMs)provided by the NASA Earth Exchange Global Daily Downscaled Projections(NEX-GDDP),and investigated the impacts of climate change on future meteorological drought using Standard Precipitation Index(SPI)in the Karoun River Basin(KRB)of southwestern Iran under two Representative Concentration Pathway(RCP)emission scenarios,i.e.,RCP4.5 and RCP8.5.The results demonstrated that SPI estimated based on the Meteorological Research Institute Coupled Global Climate Model version 3(MRI-CGCM3)is consistent with the one estimated by synoptic stations during the historical period(1990-2005).The root mean square error(RMSE)value is less than 0.75 in 77%of the synoptic stations.GCMs have high uncertainty in most synoptic stations except those located in the plain.Using the average of a few GCMs to improve performance and reduce uncertainty is suggested by the results.The results revealed that with the areas affected by wetness decreasing in the KRB,drought frequency in the North KRB is likely to increase at the end of the 21st century under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios.At the seasonal scale,the decreasing trend for SPI in spring,summer,and winter shows a drought tendency in this region.The climate-induced drought hazard can have vast consequences,especially in agriculture and rural livelihoods.Accordingly,an increasing trend in drought during the growing seasons under RCP scenarios is vital for water managers and farmers to adopt strategies to reduce the damages.The results of this study are of great value for formulating sustainable water resources management plans affected by climate change.

中国西南地区CCUS区域中心建设路径与政策建议

西南地区正在加快推动成渝地区双城经济圈和国家天然气(页岩气)千亿立方米产能基地等国家战略实施,面临能源消费量增长硬需求和碳减排硬约束之间的矛盾,推动CCUS产业发展是解决该问题的必由之路,而建设CCUS区域中心是CCUS产业规模化、集群化发展的必然趋势,其中四川盆地是西南地区打造CCUS区域中心的最佳选择。为了加快建设中国西南地区CCUS区域中心,系统梳理了国外的经验做法,分析了其优势和挑战,结合我国西南地区的CO_(2)排放及分布情况、封存地质条件、源汇匹配关系,针对性提出了建设路径和政策建议。研究结果表明:①打造中国西南地区CCUS区域中心具有企业减碳和增产的需求巨大、高耗能行业企业碳源丰富且较为集中、地质封存潜力大且分布集中、源汇匹配情况较好、地方政府积极支持等5大优势;②当前面临的主要问题是缺乏顶层设计和统一规划、缺乏全产业链协同技术攻关的共享平台、缺乏碳减排的激励和约束政策体系等;③下一步应聚焦CCUS-EGR、CCS、DACCS等3条路径,分启动、扩展、规模化发展3个阶段打造西南地区CCUS区域中心,形成两个千万吨级产业集群和3个百万吨级产业集群,并比选技术路径和商业化路径。结论认为,要重点从完善顶层设计,出台统一的战略规划;强化科技攻关体系建设,加快形成技术成熟、经济可行的CCUS全链条技术;强化政策支持、推动国际合作等3个方面入手,加快推动中国西南地区CCUS区域中心建设。

塔里木盆地西南部寒武系充填层序及沉积样式演化

针对塔里木盆地西南部寒武系存在的古隆起陆棚相分歧,利用锆石U-Pb(铀-铅同位素测年)年龄、井-震联合开展了寒武系层序充填与沉积演化的研究。研究表明:在巴楚隆起,寒武系直接覆盖在克拉通结晶基底之上,寒武系沉积充填与前寒武系结构呈“镜像”关系。受前寒武系地形、构造运动和海平面升降控制,塔里木盆地西南部寒武系发育4个Ⅱ级层序,分别为寒武系层序1(玉尔吐斯组—肖尔布拉克组)、寒武系层序2(吾松格尔组—沙依里克组)、寒武系层序3(阿瓦塔格组)、寒武系层序4(下丘里塔格群),共包含7个沉积相、10个沉积亚相。塔里木盆地西南部寒武系层序1—寒武系层序3早、中寒武世巴楚隆起—麦盖提斜坡—塔西南坳陷沉积相为台地—缓坡—斜坡—深水陆棚相沉积,表现为向海凝缩减薄的沉积特征并发育寒武系烃源岩;寒武系层序4晚寒武世塔里木盆地西南部主体演化为局限台地,塔里木盆地西台东盆沉积格局正式形成。

黔西南雄武地区铀矿化与有机流体的成因联系

在黔西南地区,前人针对构造演化、油气流体、金矿床成矿流体和成矿模式等方面开展了大量的研究,但铀矿床研究方面还十分薄弱,尤其针对有机流体与铀成矿的关系还未开展研究。本次研究在野外地质调查基础上,对黔西南雄武地区大际山铀矿床及大梨树铀矿床中典型的矿石与蚀变围岩样品开展了显微岩相学、扫描电镜‒能谱分析、电子探针、流体包裹体、激光拉曼、稳定同位素等方面研究。宏观上,铀矿体的中心部位往往呈黑色,矿体两侧呈灰色、灰褐色,矿体中心向两侧颜色逐渐变浅。镜下研究发现,铀矿物、黄铁矿等金属矿物与黑色的有机质紧密共生。激光拉曼分析指示,这些有机质经历的最高温度为185~237℃,等效镜质体反射率指示有机质处于高成熟‒过成熟阶段,具有焦沥青的特征。铀矿体外围蚀变带中饱含显示强浅蓝色荧光的轻质油,指示富烃类有机流体与成矿物质可能为同一来源,均为含铀有机流体演化而成。铀矿石中黑色有机质的^(13)C值与其赋矿碳酸盐岩表现出明显的异源特征,且与当地古油藏的C同位素具有相似性,指示焦沥青可能来源于深部侵位的古油藏。铀矿物微区年代学与有机质Re-Os年代学的研究结果在误差范围内基本一致,均为喜山期,进一步指示铀矿物和有机质是同时代地质作用的产物。黔西南雄武地区铀的沉淀应该与油气裂解‒分异作用相关,其铀矿成矿作用既不是以往认为的沉积成岩型,也不是沉积成岩叠加淋积‒热液改造型,而应该是构造作用下、深部渗出含铀富有机质成矿流体形成的渗出碳酸盐岩型铀矿床。成矿过程中,铀钼等多金属可能以微纳米超显微结构的形式随有机流体共同迁移,在温压条件变化的情况下,含矿的富烃类有机流体发生裂解‒分异作用,致使铀、黄铁矿等金属物质与重质组分(沥青)残留于破碎带或构造裂隙中而发生铀矿化,而轻质组分(轻质油)发生逃逸,部分以包裹体或孔隙流体的形式捕获于构造带或上覆地层中。

郑明华矿(Zhengminghuaite):黔西南卡林型金矿床中新矿物的发现及其成矿学意义

郑明华矿是最近在黔西南紫木凼卡林型金矿床中发现的一种硫盐类新矿物。文章在概述郑明华矿产出状态、物理性质、光学特征、化学组成和晶体结构基础上,侧重介绍该新矿物形成的地质背景、显微组构特征及与同型系列其他矿物的关系,并结合矿物共生组合特征,探讨其形成的物理化学条件。郑明华矿产于受断层破碎带控制的角砾状金矿石中,与其共生或伴生的矿物为成矿晚阶段石英、雄黄和方解石,以及少量至微量As-Sb-Hg-Tl的硫化物和硫盐。郑明华矿为不透明矿物,金属光泽,性脆易碎,无解理,莫氏硬度约为4;反射色为浅灰色,双反射和反射多色性不显至微弱,非均质性微弱,反射率为23%~29%(546 nm);理想化学式为Cu_(6)Fe_(3)As_(4)S_(12),三方晶系,空间群R3,晶胞参数:a=13.5373(17)Å,c=9.2354(13)Å,V=1465.7(4)Å^(3)(Z=3),属硫砷锌铜矿同型系列的新矿物。郑明华矿形成于成矿主阶段含金富砷黄铁矿、毒砂等Fe硫化物沉淀后的成矿晚阶段,但主要形成于雄黄等As硫化物大量沉淀前,在此期间成矿流体的硫逸度(f(S_(2)))升高了1~2个对数单位,温度降低了60~100℃。郑明华矿的发现及与其他热液矿物的共生组合关系,为揭示卡林型金矿床的成矿过程和成矿物理化学条件提供了重要信息。

华南陆块西南缘上地幔顶部三维密度结构及其地质意义

华南陆块自新远古代拼合以来,经历了多期构造-岩浆活动,岩石圈及其深部结构较为复杂,前人对西南缘扬子与华夏地块缝合带位置的厘定仍有不同认识.研究该区域上地幔顶部密度结构,有助于进一步认识扬子—华夏地块拼合对岩石圈的改造,对确定扬子—华夏地块在广西地区的边界位置有重要意义.基于卫星布格重力异常,利用地震波速度-密度转换关系构建的上地幔密度参考模型作为约束,反演剩余的岩石圈和上地幔重力异常,获得了岩石圈至300 km深度的上地幔顶部三维密度结构.密度结构揭示了华南陆块西南部的岩石圈—软流圈界面起伏和上地幔物质密度的不均匀分布.分析结果表明广西中部存在高密度岩石圈物质下沉,南部低密度的软流圈物质上涌,取代已拆沉的岩石圈根并向上侵入地壳,是地表出露花岗岩的来源.结合区内基底特征和碎屑锆石陆缘来源,推断沿广西富川—武宣—隆安—凭祥一线为扬子—华夏地块在华南陆块西南缘(广西段)缝合位置.

中国西南干热河谷萨王纳植被综述

中国西南的深切河谷因“焚风”效应形成干热河谷,具有干热性气候和河谷型萨王纳植被。萨王纳植被的植物群落以禾草占绝对优势,形成背景,其间散生灌木和乔木,在外观上类似“稀树草原”。在生活型构成上,它们以高位芽植物为主(占总种数的48.0%),但地面芽植物(占23.3%)占比较高;在叶级谱上,小叶植物占总种数的42.5%,微叶植物占20.6%;在乔木树种中,复叶占乔木总种数的39.3%,表现出明显适应干旱生境的特征。西南干热河谷萨王纳植被的植物区系总体上以热带成分占优势,但不同的干热河谷萨王纳植被的植物区系在演化过程中受地质历史和自然地理的影响发生了明显的分化。在植物区系的相似性上,金沙江干热河谷与元江干热河谷属相似性为73.8%,种相似性为53.8%,在本文比较的西南干热河谷中具有最大的属、种相似性。研究发现,中国西南干热河谷萨王纳植被和植物区系在起源和演化上与自第三纪以来,伴随着喜马拉雅的隆升,在云南发生的主要地质事件密切相关。在其植物区系中,一些种类显示与印度和非洲的萨王纳植被有关联,这在一定程度上支持印度板块从非洲分离,筏运了部分非洲植物到亚洲的理论。金沙江与元江干热河谷具有最高的属、种相似性,支持了金沙江曾流到元江,后来因河流袭夺改道的假说。怒江干热河谷植物区系中热带成分占绝对优势,这可能与印度板块向北推挤亚洲板块,缅甸北部随之发生了北移密切相关。这些地区发生的地质历史事件可以较好地解释西南干热河谷的植物区系组成、特征和分布格局。

塔西南山前地区柯克亚周缘叶探1井油气勘探重大突破及意义

塔西南山前西昆仑冲断带柯东构造带叶探1井在二叠系普斯格组获得重大突破,标志着塔西南山前地区发现一个重要的勘探接替层系。结合区域地质资料,根据野外露头、钻井、地震等综合研究,对柯克亚周缘二叠系普斯格组的成藏条件进行再认识。研究认为,研究区内二叠系普斯格组发育陆相湖泊—三角洲沉积体系,上段发育半深湖—深湖相烃源岩,面积1.0×10^(4)km^(2),厚度最大达到800m,集中段有机质丰度为0.92%~1.16%,以菌藻类生源为主,有机质类型主要为Ⅱ型,有机质丰度高;普斯格组下段发育三角洲前缘、滨浅湖沙坝优质砂岩储层,砂体厚度为42.5~63m,砂地比为27%~47%,是一套分布较广的区域性储层,与普斯格组上段泥岩组成优质储盖组合;柯克亚周缘发育印支期、喜马拉雅期两期构造变形,古生界叠瓦冲断、强烈逆掩叠置,圈闭成排成带,喜马拉雅期进一步挤压抬升改造,局部复杂化,形成的叠瓦冲断带为勘探有利区。根据普斯格组天然气干燥系数分析,折算Ro为1.31%~1.42%,与下盘烃源岩成熟度相当,表明油气来自下盘逆掩叠置烃源岩,经历早油晚气的成藏过程,成藏具有“逆掩叠置下盘供烃、下生上储、断裂输导”的特点。综合分析认为该地区二叠系普斯格组圈闭成排成带分布,已发现圈闭9个,面积301km^(2),天然气资源量约为2930×10^(8)m^(3),凝析油资源量约为2×10^(8)t,具有较好的勘探前景。

黔西南莲花山背斜北东段萤石矿带控矿因素与找矿方向

黔西南莲花山背斜北东段萤石矿呈陡倾脉状、囊状产于北东向构造带中,属于有利构造、气液隐爆角砾岩体与有利岩性共同控制陡倾角矿体的浅成低温热液型矿床。地质填图、地球物理资料成果显示,北东向莲花山背斜及其配套的落水洞断裂、次级张性断裂共同构成了该区成矿热液通道和容矿空间。其中,北东向落水洞断裂为一级导矿构造,北东向张性构造(断层、节理、裂隙)既为二级导矿构造、又为容矿构造。深部含矿热液沿不同级别导矿断裂上涌至有利构造容矿空间,热液在构造转换过程中减压扩容环境发生隐爆,致密围岩破碎形成的角砾具有更大表面积的水-岩反应,致使的矿化作用更加充分,被上覆龙潭组泥质岩类屏蔽,成矿流体萃取灰岩中的钙质,在构造破碎带中充填交代成矿。背斜构造中的张性正断裂及其派生张性构造组合以及气液隐爆角砾岩体,是将来萤石矿勘查的主攻目标。深入研究成矿作用过程中多种控矿因素耦合关系,有利于拓展深部萤石矿产找矿勘探。

西南山地民族传统生态观的多维实践及当代价值——以基诺族为例

在推进中国式现代化生态文明建设进程中,充分挖掘西南少数民族生态实践中蕴藏的生态伦理与生态智慧具有十分重要的应用价值。以西南山地民族基诺族为典型个案,从自然互动、社会生活、社群互动三方面探讨当地民众具体的生态实践,在此基础上从生态农业、生态教育、生态经济三维视角阐释传统生态实践的当代价值,以期为西南民族地区推进生态振兴提供参考借鉴。