All of the existing emergency notes of pharmacy in Hungary between 1914 and 1919 were collected, presented and studied. The concept of emergency money, the causes and circumstances leading to its development were defi...All of the existing emergency notes of pharmacy in Hungary between 1914 and 1919 were collected, presented and studied. The concept of emergency money, the causes and circumstances leading to its development were defined. The historical backgrounds of these reasons were studied and presented in chronology order. The various issued emergency money of pharmacy was classified and demonstrated in pictures. When an economic crisis turns up in the life of mankind, special solutions will occur. World War I breaking out a hundred years ago and the Hungarian Soviet Republic created such a situation in Hungary. The official currency was replaced with a new one, the amount of which could not cover the daily purchase of people. The lack of change led to print numerous emergency notes in different fields of life. In this study, all of the so-far discovered pharmaceutical emergency money was collected and presented systematically. The paper is considered to be unique since in the field of the history of pharmacy similar ones have not been born recently. The released notes provide an instantaneous picture of the industry （art, typography, chemical industry etc.） of the given country as well. These pieces of paper are regarded to be valuable treasure among numismatics.展开更多
The full name of the INF treaty is a Treaty Between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics On the Elimination of Their Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles(INF Treaty in shor...The full name of the INF treaty is a Treaty Between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics On the Elimination of Their Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles(INF Treaty in short),an arms control treaty signed in 1987 between the United States and the Soviet Union.The Treaty clearly stipulates that the two signatories shall have in three years after the entry into force of the treaty their land-based ballistic missiles and cruise missiles within the range of 500km to 5500km together with their launch vehicles and support facilities completely eliminated.Later,the United States destroyed the"Pershing IA"short-range missiles,"Pershing II"medium-range missiles and land-based Tomahawk cruise missiles;while the Soviet Union destroyed its SS-12 and SS-23 short-range missiles and SS-20,SS-4 and SS-5 medium-range missiles.展开更多
文摘All of the existing emergency notes of pharmacy in Hungary between 1914 and 1919 were collected, presented and studied. The concept of emergency money, the causes and circumstances leading to its development were defined. The historical backgrounds of these reasons were studied and presented in chronology order. The various issued emergency money of pharmacy was classified and demonstrated in pictures. When an economic crisis turns up in the life of mankind, special solutions will occur. World War I breaking out a hundred years ago and the Hungarian Soviet Republic created such a situation in Hungary. The official currency was replaced with a new one, the amount of which could not cover the daily purchase of people. The lack of change led to print numerous emergency notes in different fields of life. In this study, all of the so-far discovered pharmaceutical emergency money was collected and presented systematically. The paper is considered to be unique since in the field of the history of pharmacy similar ones have not been born recently. The released notes provide an instantaneous picture of the industry （art, typography, chemical industry etc.） of the given country as well. These pieces of paper are regarded to be valuable treasure among numismatics.
文摘The full name of the INF treaty is a Treaty Between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics On the Elimination of Their Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles(INF Treaty in short),an arms control treaty signed in 1987 between the United States and the Soviet Union.The Treaty clearly stipulates that the two signatories shall have in three years after the entry into force of the treaty their land-based ballistic missiles and cruise missiles within the range of 500km to 5500km together with their launch vehicles and support facilities completely eliminated.Later,the United States destroyed the"Pershing IA"short-range missiles,"Pershing II"medium-range missiles and land-based Tomahawk cruise missiles;while the Soviet Union destroyed its SS-12 and SS-23 short-range missiles and SS-20,SS-4 and SS-5 medium-range missiles.
