In a three years experiment, conducted on acidic soil, four varieties of soybean [Glycine max (L) Merril] were tested to see their performance under different regimes of applied Phosphorus. The highest number of pods ...In a three years experiment, conducted on acidic soil, four varieties of soybean [Glycine max (L) Merril] were tested to see their performance under different regimes of applied Phosphorus. The highest number of pods was given by the cultivar Bragg, followed by Punjab-1, Durga and JS-89-21. A similar trend was observed in the number of filled pods. On an average, the cultivar, Punjab-1, gave the maximum harvest index, followed closely by Bragg. Both the cultivars, Durga and JS-89-21, had lower harvest index. The application of P fertilizer significantly increased the harvest index up to 60 kg·P·ha–1. The Highest yield of grains was given by the variety ‘Bragg’ (1630 kg·ha–1), followed by Punjab-1, JS-89-21 and Durga, which gave the yields of 1510, 1470 and 880 kg·ha–1, respectively. Highest N, P and K removal was found by the cultivar Bragg, followed by Punjab-1, JS-89-21 and Durga cultivars. The uptake of nutrients was significantly related to the total biomass produced by a cultivar (r = 0.8125), showing a yield predictability of 66.0%. The increase in uptake of N, P and K, respectively, with the application of 60 kg·P·ha–1 over no P was;245.3, 159.4 and 158.3% in case of Bragg, 101.5%, 73.8% and 44.6% in case of Durga, 182.2%, 70.6% and 63.8% in case of JS-89-21 and 164.7%, 80.0% and 97.4% in case of Punjab-1. A significant increase in soil available P was found in the plots where it was applied @ 60 kg·ha–1 continuously for three years.展开更多
Two-year field experiments were carried out at El-Kassasen Horticultural Research Station, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Ismailia government, Egypt, during 2018 and 2019 summer seasons to evaluate some soybean c...Two-year field experiments were carried out at El-Kassasen Horticultural Research Station, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Ismailia government, Egypt, during 2018 and 2019 summer seasons to evaluate some soybean cultivars for interplanting with mandarin trees to achieve high productivity of both crops, land usage and profitability under sandy soil conditions. The treatments were the combinations of two cropping systems (interplanting and solid cultures) and five soybean cultivars (Giza 21, Giza 22, Giza 35, Giza 82 and Giza 111). A strip plot design with three replications was used. Interplanting soybean cultivar Giza 22 with mandarin trees gave a higher total count of rhizobia in rhizosphere of mandarin roots after 75 days from soybean sowing than the other treatments in both seasons. The highest fruit weight and volume, total soluble solids (T.S.S.), fruit yields per tree and per ha were obtained by growing soybean cultivar Giza 22 or Giza 111 with mandarin compared with the other treatments in both seasons. With respect to soybean crop, interplanting soybean with mandarin trees decreased percentages of light intensity at the middle and bottom of the plant, chlorophylls a and b, as well as, plant dry weight after 75 days from soybean sowing compared with those of solid culture in both seasons. Soybean cultivars Giza 22 and Giza 82 had higher light intensity at the middle and bottom of the plant, as well as chlorophyll a, meanwhile soybean cultivars Giza 22 and Giza 111 had higher plant dry weight than the other soybean cultivars after 75 days from soybean sowing in both seasons. Soybean cultivar Giza 22 and Giza 111 had higher plant dry weight than the other soybean cultivars under interplanting and solid plantings in both seasons. Interplanting soybean with mandarin trees decreased soybean seed yield and its attributes compared with soybean solid culture in both seasons. Soybean cultivars Giza 111 and Giza 22 gave a higher number of pods per plant, seed yields per plant and per ha than the other cultivars in both seasons. Soybean cultivars Giza 111 and Giza 22 followed by Giza 82 recorded a higher number of pods per plant, seed yields per plant and per ha under interplanting and solid cultures than the other treatments in both seasons. Interplanting soybean cultivar Giza 22 and Giza 111 with mandarin trees achieved higher LER, LEC, total return and MAI than solid culture of mandarin. Growing four ridges of soybean cultivars Giza 22 or Giza 111 between mandarin trees cultivar Fremont had higher productivity, land usage and profitability than mandarin solid culture under sandy soil conditions.展开更多
As a short-day(SD)and thermophilic plant,soybean(Glycine max(L.)Merr.)is sensitive to photo-thermal conditions.This characteristic severely limits the cultivation range of a given soybean cultivar and affects the perf...As a short-day(SD)and thermophilic plant,soybean(Glycine max(L.)Merr.)is sensitive to photo-thermal conditions.This characteristic severely limits the cultivation range of a given soybean cultivar and affects the performances of agronomic traits such as yield,plant architectures,and seed quality.Therefore,understanding the mechanism of photo-thermal sensitivity will provide a theoretical basis for soybean improvement.In this review,we introduce the advances in physiological,genetic,and molecular researches in photoperiodism of soybean,and progress in the improvement of the photo-thermal adaptability.We also summarize the photo-thermal conditions and characteristics of widely-planted soybean cultivars of major production regions in China.Furthermore,we proposed a novel concept of‘ecotyping’and the strategies for widely-adapted soybean cultivar breeding.This review provides an important guide for improving the adaptability of soybean.展开更多
Isoxaflutole-resistant soybean is currently in development for commercialization in North America. Proposals to use isoxaflutole + metribuzin as the main herbicide tank-mixture raise concerns as there is limited grass...Isoxaflutole-resistant soybean is currently in development for commercialization in North America. Proposals to use isoxaflutole + metribuzin as the main herbicide tank-mixture raise concerns as there is limited grass control with these herbicides. Strategies are needed to improve grass control with isoxaflutole + metribuzin. Nine experiments were conducted over a two-year period (2017, 2018) to determine the efficacy of isoxaflutole + metribuzin (52.5 + 210 g a·i· ha-1) applied alone and co-applied with pendimethalin, dimethenamid-P, pethoxamid, pyroxasulfone or S-metolachlor applied preemergence (PRE). Comparisons were made with isoxaflutole + metribuzin at a low rate (52.5 + 210 g a·i· ha-1), medium rate (79 + 315 g a·i· ha-1) and a high rate (105 + 420 g a·i· ha-1). Eight weed species were evaluated including common lambsquarters, green and redroot pigweed, common ragweed, velvetleaf, green and giant foxtail, yellow foxtail, barnyardgrass and witchgrass. All herbicides were affected by amount of rainfall following application;less rainfall resulted in reduced weed control. The addition of pendimethalin, dimethenamid-P, pethoxamid, pyroxasulfone or S-metolachlor to the low rate ofisoxaflutole + metribuzin provided equivalent control of all weed species evaluated compared toisoxaflutole + metribuzin at the low, medium, or high rate.展开更多
文摘In a three years experiment, conducted on acidic soil, four varieties of soybean [Glycine max (L) Merril] were tested to see their performance under different regimes of applied Phosphorus. The highest number of pods was given by the cultivar Bragg, followed by Punjab-1, Durga and JS-89-21. A similar trend was observed in the number of filled pods. On an average, the cultivar, Punjab-1, gave the maximum harvest index, followed closely by Bragg. Both the cultivars, Durga and JS-89-21, had lower harvest index. The application of P fertilizer significantly increased the harvest index up to 60 kg·P·ha–1. The Highest yield of grains was given by the variety ‘Bragg’ (1630 kg·ha–1), followed by Punjab-1, JS-89-21 and Durga, which gave the yields of 1510, 1470 and 880 kg·ha–1, respectively. Highest N, P and K removal was found by the cultivar Bragg, followed by Punjab-1, JS-89-21 and Durga cultivars. The uptake of nutrients was significantly related to the total biomass produced by a cultivar (r = 0.8125), showing a yield predictability of 66.0%. The increase in uptake of N, P and K, respectively, with the application of 60 kg·P·ha–1 over no P was;245.3, 159.4 and 158.3% in case of Bragg, 101.5%, 73.8% and 44.6% in case of Durga, 182.2%, 70.6% and 63.8% in case of JS-89-21 and 164.7%, 80.0% and 97.4% in case of Punjab-1. A significant increase in soil available P was found in the plots where it was applied @ 60 kg·ha–1 continuously for three years.
文摘Two-year field experiments were carried out at El-Kassasen Horticultural Research Station, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Ismailia government, Egypt, during 2018 and 2019 summer seasons to evaluate some soybean cultivars for interplanting with mandarin trees to achieve high productivity of both crops, land usage and profitability under sandy soil conditions. The treatments were the combinations of two cropping systems (interplanting and solid cultures) and five soybean cultivars (Giza 21, Giza 22, Giza 35, Giza 82 and Giza 111). A strip plot design with three replications was used. Interplanting soybean cultivar Giza 22 with mandarin trees gave a higher total count of rhizobia in rhizosphere of mandarin roots after 75 days from soybean sowing than the other treatments in both seasons. The highest fruit weight and volume, total soluble solids (T.S.S.), fruit yields per tree and per ha were obtained by growing soybean cultivar Giza 22 or Giza 111 with mandarin compared with the other treatments in both seasons. With respect to soybean crop, interplanting soybean with mandarin trees decreased percentages of light intensity at the middle and bottom of the plant, chlorophylls a and b, as well as, plant dry weight after 75 days from soybean sowing compared with those of solid culture in both seasons. Soybean cultivars Giza 22 and Giza 82 had higher light intensity at the middle and bottom of the plant, as well as chlorophyll a, meanwhile soybean cultivars Giza 22 and Giza 111 had higher plant dry weight than the other soybean cultivars after 75 days from soybean sowing in both seasons. Soybean cultivar Giza 22 and Giza 111 had higher plant dry weight than the other soybean cultivars under interplanting and solid plantings in both seasons. Interplanting soybean with mandarin trees decreased soybean seed yield and its attributes compared with soybean solid culture in both seasons. Soybean cultivars Giza 111 and Giza 22 gave a higher number of pods per plant, seed yields per plant and per ha than the other cultivars in both seasons. Soybean cultivars Giza 111 and Giza 22 followed by Giza 82 recorded a higher number of pods per plant, seed yields per plant and per ha under interplanting and solid cultures than the other treatments in both seasons. Interplanting soybean cultivar Giza 22 and Giza 111 with mandarin trees achieved higher LER, LEC, total return and MAI than solid culture of mandarin. Growing four ridges of soybean cultivars Giza 22 or Giza 111 between mandarin trees cultivar Fremont had higher productivity, land usage and profitability than mandarin solid culture under sandy soil conditions.
基金In this study, a large number of nationally approved varieties were provided by National Extension and Ser-vice Center of Agricultural Technology. The collection of parental information and cultivar pedigree required significant guidance and help from breeders. Given the limited space, we sincerely thank everyone here. This research was supported by National Natural Science Foundation （grant No. 31401410）.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFD0101400)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-04)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31601239)the Agricultural Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China (CXGC2018E01)
文摘As a short-day(SD)and thermophilic plant,soybean(Glycine max(L.)Merr.)is sensitive to photo-thermal conditions.This characteristic severely limits the cultivation range of a given soybean cultivar and affects the performances of agronomic traits such as yield,plant architectures,and seed quality.Therefore,understanding the mechanism of photo-thermal sensitivity will provide a theoretical basis for soybean improvement.In this review,we introduce the advances in physiological,genetic,and molecular researches in photoperiodism of soybean,and progress in the improvement of the photo-thermal adaptability.We also summarize the photo-thermal conditions and characteristics of widely-planted soybean cultivars of major production regions in China.Furthermore,we proposed a novel concept of‘ecotyping’and the strategies for widely-adapted soybean cultivar breeding.This review provides an important guide for improving the adaptability of soybean.
文摘Isoxaflutole-resistant soybean is currently in development for commercialization in North America. Proposals to use isoxaflutole + metribuzin as the main herbicide tank-mixture raise concerns as there is limited grass control with these herbicides. Strategies are needed to improve grass control with isoxaflutole + metribuzin. Nine experiments were conducted over a two-year period (2017, 2018) to determine the efficacy of isoxaflutole + metribuzin (52.5 + 210 g a·i· ha-1) applied alone and co-applied with pendimethalin, dimethenamid-P, pethoxamid, pyroxasulfone or S-metolachlor applied preemergence (PRE). Comparisons were made with isoxaflutole + metribuzin at a low rate (52.5 + 210 g a·i· ha-1), medium rate (79 + 315 g a·i· ha-1) and a high rate (105 + 420 g a·i· ha-1). Eight weed species were evaluated including common lambsquarters, green and redroot pigweed, common ragweed, velvetleaf, green and giant foxtail, yellow foxtail, barnyardgrass and witchgrass. All herbicides were affected by amount of rainfall following application;less rainfall resulted in reduced weed control. The addition of pendimethalin, dimethenamid-P, pethoxamid, pyroxasulfone or S-metolachlor to the low rate ofisoxaflutole + metribuzin provided equivalent control of all weed species evaluated compared toisoxaflutole + metribuzin at the low, medium, or high rate.
