Effects of Rice-duck Mutualism on Diseases Insect Pests and Weeds and Economic Benefits

[Objective] Study on the effects of rice-duck mutualism on weeds and insects pests and economic benefits of paddy field. [Method] Comparison of the incidence of weeds, sheath blight and insects pest under rice-duck mutualism, conventional cultivation and control treatment, the yield and economic benefits were analyzed under the 3 treatments. [Result] Average occurrence of weeds in rice-duck mutualism group decreased by 2.33 and 52.0g ind/m^2 compared with that in conventional cultivation and control treatment ; the control rate of mutualism was up to 75% against rice hopper, but just between 25% -60% against rice leaf roller and Chilo suppressalis. The rates of diseased plant and diseased bell against rice sheath blight were higher and disease indices were lower compared with control group. The yield of mutualism group was identical with conventional cultivation, Which was greatly higher than that of control group. The results suggested an higher economic benefits and lower cost benefit ratio for rice-duck mutualism treatment. [Conclusion] Rice-duck mutualism gives birth to a positive effect to control the diseases, insect pests and weeds, as well as to economic benefits, providing basis on extension of rice-duck mutualism system.

Effects of Paddy Field Rotation on Diseases,Pests and Weeds of Rice

[ Objective] The paper was to explore ecological effect of paddy field rotation on reducing disease, pests and weeds of rice. [ Method] With long-term continuous cropping rice as control, according to field location experiments for consecutive 14 years, the effects of paddy field rotation on diseases, pests and weeds of rice were studied in details. [ Result] Paddy field rotation in some extent could reduce diseases, pests and weeds of rice. The diseased plant rate and disease in- dex of rice sheath blight in early rice under paddy field rotation treatment were averagely 10% and 0.4% lower than those in continuous cropping treatment, respec- tively. The diseased plant rate and disease index of rice sheath blight in late rice were 17.7% and 13.3% lower than those in treatments with continuous cropping mode, respectively. The diseased plant rate and disease index of rice false smut in both early rice and late rice under rotation treatments were lower than those in treatments with continuous cropping mode. White leaf rate caused by rice leaf roller and dry heart rate caused by striped rice borer under rotation treatments were significantly lower than those under continuous cropping treatment. The growth status of weeds under rotation treatments was weaker than that under continuous cropping treatment. [ Conclusion] The paper has important significance on alleviating diseases, pests and weeds of rice and improvement of ecological environment of farmland, and provides theoretical basis for sustainable development of agriculture.

Preliminary Report on Species and Occurrence Regularity of Diseases,Pests and Weeds of Corn in Angola

[ Objective] The paper was to understand species of diseases, pests and weeds and their occurrence periods and dynamic changes of quantity during corn growing period in rainy and dry seasons in Angola. [ Method] Using systematic investigation method, the species and occurrence regularity of diseases, pests and weeds of corn in Pedras Negras farm （ Malanje）, Sanza Pombo farm （Uige） and Catete farm （Luanda） in the Mrican continent, the Republic of Angola, were studied in two dry seasons and a rainy season from 2011 to 2012. [ Result] The occurrence status of pests and diseases of corn during dry and rainy seasons were basically similar, and only individual diseases and pests had different incidence degrees. The corn varieties from the United States and Brazil had prominent advan- tages in resistance to diseases and barren. Due to different climate environments in dry and rainy seasons, the unearthed rate of weeds in fields was also different. Soil moisture had great impact on weed population and density. Soil layer depth greatly influenced unearthed speed and unearthed rate of weeds. [ Conclusion ] The study cleared species, occurrence period and harmful levels of pests, diseases and weeds of corn in three provinces of Angola.

Occurrence and Control of Main Soybean Diseases and Insect Pests in Greater Mekong Sub-region

Soybean rust,soybean downy mildew,and soybean thrips,soybean pod borers,and soybean nocturnal moths are the world wide diseases and insect pests in soybean production,which pose a potential threat to soybean production in Great Mekong Sub-region（ GMS）,comprising Cambodia,Lao People＇s Democratic Republic,Myanmar,Thailand,Vietnam,and Yunnan province,the People＇s Republic of China. This paper summarized the host range,epidemiology,damage and control methods of these diseases and insect pests in GMS,with the aim to provide information basis for understanding and effective control of soybean diseases and insect pests in GMS.

Technical Points of Green Prevention and Control Technology of Major Diseases and Pests in Lixian Rhubarb(Rheum palmatum L.)

Based on different types of diseases,pests and weeds in the whole growth period of rhubarb(sowing period-harvesting period),the corresponding green prevention and control technology is proposed,aiming to further reduce the application amount of pesticides and fertilizers in the production of medicinal sources of Lixian rhubarb during the"14 th Five-Year Plan"period.The results will provide a theoretical basis for increasing the promotion and application of agricultural prevention and control(including disease-resistant varieties,ecological regulation),physical prevention and control,biological prevention and control measures,thus ensuring effective protection of the ecological environment,green,healthy and sustainable development of traditional Chinese medicine agriculture in Longnan,and source quality of authentic medicinal materials.

A Brief Introduction of Main Diseases and Insect Pests in Soybean Production in the Global Top Five Soybean Producing Countries

The United States, Brazil, Argentina, India and China are the major soybean producing countries in the world. Nearly 90% of the world^s soybean production comes from these countries. The occurrence of diseases and insect pests often lead to the reduction of soybean yield, and brings varying degree losses to these countries. This article provides an overview of the impact and measures on soybean main diseases and insect pests in the top five major soybean producing countries over the world. It is concluded that the diseases affecting the soybean yield seriously include Phakopsorapachyrhizi, Heterodera glycines, Septoria glycines, Colletotrichum spp. and Macrophominaphaseolina; and the main insect pests include Anticarsia gemmatalis, Spodoptera litura, Nezara viridula and Frankliniella occidentalis, which will provide information for key prevention and control of soybean main diseases and insect pests in these countries.

Occurrence, Damage and Control Strategies of Major Pests, Diseases and Weeds in Sugarcane Areas of Lincang Nanhua Sugar Industry Co., Ltd.

The pests, diseases and weeds in sugarcane areas of Lincang Nanhua Sugar Industry Co.,Ltd. were investigated at seedling stage, growth stage and maturity stage of sugarcane from 2012 to 2016. The occurrence and damage of diseases, pests and weeds were analyzed, and the problems in prevention and control were discussed based on the local conditions of sugarcane production. The species, occurrence and damage characteristics of diseases, pests and weeds were ascertained, and the corresponding strategies and technical measures were proposed.

Effects of Six Cultivation Patterns on Occurrence of Major Diseases and Pests and Yield of Rice

The occurrence rules of major diseases and pests in rice were investigated under six cultivation patterns, i.e., mechanical plowing-artificial transplanting, mechanical plowing-mechanical transplanting, mechanical plowing-scattered transplanting,cattle plowing-artificial transplanting, cattle plowing-mechanical transplanting and cattle plowing-scattered transplanting. The results showed that the six cultivation patterns showed small effects on the occurrence of rice sheath blight, second-generation rice planthopper, rice stem borer and rice false smut, but showed great effects on the occurrence of rice leaf folder, third-and fourth-generation rice planthopper and weeds; there were certain differences in the rice yield among different cultivation patterns, and the rice yield under the pattern of mechanical plowing-mechanical transplanting ranked first, while that under the pattern of cattle plowing-scattered transplanting ranked last.

Using Deep Learning for Soybean Pest and Disease Classification in Farmland

To accurately identify soybean pests and diseases, in this paper, a kind of deep convolution network model was used to determine whether or not a soybean crop possessed pests and diseases. The proposed deep convolution network could learn the highdimensional feature representation of images by using their depth. An inception module was used to construct a neural network. In the inception module, multiscale convolution kernels were used to extract the distributed characteristics of soybean pests and diseases at different scales and to perform cascade fusion. The model then trained the SoftMax classifier in a uniformed framework. This realized the model of soybean pests and diseases so as to verify the effectiveness of this method. In this study, 800 images of soybean leaf images were taken as the experimental objects. Of these 800 images, 400 were selected for network training, and the remaining 400 images were used for the network test. Furthermore, the classical convolutional neural network was optimized. The accuracies before and after optimization were 96.25% and 95.81%, respectively, in terms of extracting image features. This type of research might be applied to achieve a degree of automation in agricultural field management.

稻-龟-鳖-鱼综合种养模式对稻田病虫草害和水稻产量、品质的影响

设置稻-龟-鳖-鱼综合种养(DGBY)、稻-龟-鱼综合种养(DGY)、水稻单作(DCK)及水稻生态空白种植(DCK0)4个处理,研究不同综合种养模式对稻田病虫草害的防治效果及对水稻产量和品质的影响,以期促进稻渔综合种养生产力的提质增效。结果表明,与DCK0处理相比,DGBY和DGY处理对水稻纹枯病、稻瘟病和稻曲病均有防治效果,其中对纹枯病的防效最好,但防效较DCK处理极显著降低,分别为15.36%和13.19%;DGBY和DGY处理对第5代稻飞虱的防治效果较好,虫量较DCK0处理分别降低56.79%和48.85%,较DCK处理分别降低32.29%和16.95%,对第3代二化螟幼虫的防效次之,虫量较DCK0处理降低39.29%和33.93%,比DCK处理降低15.00%和7.50%。动物放养后50 d,DGBY处理对杂草密度、干质量的防效分别为38.38%、40.15%,DGY处理分别为32.99、35.39%,均与DCK处理无显著差异。除了DCK处理水稻实际产量显著高于DCK0处理外,其他处理间无显著差异。DGBY和DGY处理精米率均较DCK0处理极显著提高,垩白粒率和垩白度均较DCK处理降低,具有改善稻米品质的作用。综上,稻-龟-鳖-鱼、稻-龟-鱼综合种养模式均能在一定程度上减少病虫草的危害,达到稳产增质,减少化肥、农药使用量的目的。

河南省小麦病虫草害用药现状调查及管理建议

本文通过对河南小麦病虫草害发生情况和农药使用情况进行调查,分析了河南小麦农药使用现状,针对小麦用药及管理中存在的问题提出了部分意见建议。

2023年邹城市春花生植保贡献率的测算评估

为了客观反映植保工作在花生生产中对病虫草害的控制效果,评价植保工作在花生生产中的作用,2023年选取全国花生绿色防控示范县邹城为测试点,开展花生重大病虫害植保贡献率的评价。试验设严格综防区、农户自防区和空白对照区,通过试验示范区的防控效果、花生产量、投入成本三个指标进行综合评估。结果表明:2023年邹城市试验区花生病虫草害的防控植保贡献率为33.1%,严格综防区较农户自防区增收11642.85元/hm^(2),表明农户自防区还有很大的增收空间。本项工作通过科学防控可实现增产增效目的,为其他地区春花生植保贡献率的评估提供了技术参考。

湖南省大豆玉米带状复合种植模式及病虫草害综合防控技术

大豆作为我国重要的粮油兼用作物,在国家粮食安全中占有重要地位。但是,我国大豆种植面积有限,单作产量较低,常年依赖进口。因此,我国提出了大豆玉米带状复合种植模式。近年来,湖南省大力发展大豆玉米带状复合种植,围绕种植技术的田间试验、集成应用和示范推广开展了深入研究。本文从品种选择、行比配置、播种、田间管理、收获等方面总结了湖南省大豆玉米带状复合种植技术,并总结了病虫草害综合防控技术,分析了种植技术环节存在的问题,以期为该种植模式的推广应用提供参考。

凤阳县玉米高产栽培及病虫草害防治

针对凤阳县玉米栽培及病虫草害防治等方面存在的问题,从选种、播种、施肥、田间管理及病虫草害防治等方面介绍该地区的玉米栽培技术,为帮助种植户提高玉米品质和产量、增加农民收益提供参考,以期进一步推动凤阳玉米产业发展。

大豆玉米带状复合种植病虫害绿色防控技术及提升策略

大豆玉米带状复合种植作为一种创新性种植技术,可以有效提高土地利用率,为大豆和玉米的高产稳产打下基础。要确保大豆玉米带状复合种植技术在生产中得到高效应用,需要统筹做好田间管理工作,尤其是病虫害防控。因地制宜地采用绿色防控技术,降低病虫害发生风险,从而为大豆和玉米的高产高质创造有利条件。在对大豆玉米带状复合种植技术的应用价值进行阐述的基础上,对病虫害绿色防控能力的提升提出了几点建议。

大豆玉米带状复种病虫草害全程绿色防控技术

为提升大豆和玉米产能及质量,对带状复合种植模式下大豆玉米常见病虫害防控技术进行了说明,以帮助农民实现增产增效,稳定我国大豆玉米供应,以促进我国农业经济健康、可持续发展。

小麦病虫草害综合防控及减药增效技术示范

通过推广小麦抗性品种、药剂拌种、适期适量播种、精选高效药剂等综合防控措施,对小麦病虫草害进行全程综合防控,研究病虫草防控效果、农药减量增效成果及小麦增产情况。结果表明:小麦病虫草全程综合防控区赤霉病、叶锈病、穗蚜、杂草防效及小麦产量等均高于群众自防区,全程综合防控区农药用量减少29.13%,用药成本降低22.14%,增加的纯收益是群众自防区的2.37倍,减药增效成果显著,且全程综合防控区小麦生长好,籽粒饱满,品质良好。

大豆种植与病虫害防治技术要点分析及未来展望

大豆是全球重要的粮食和油料作物,随着人口的增长,大豆种植和病虫害防治技术在提升大豆品质,增加作物产量,提高农作物多样性,优化农业生态系统等方面发挥出了重要作用。通过系统分析大豆种植技术和病虫害防治技术的应用要点,提出了一套综合性的应用方案,并对技术发展趋势进行了展望,以推动我国大豆产业的可持续发展。

水稻秸秆全量还田对小麦生产的影响及应对策略

为落实保护生态环境的政策,农业生产中产生的秸秆已全面禁止露天焚烧。秸秆综合利用的一个主要方式是全量还田,由此引起土壤环境、耕种方式、播种要求、病虫草发生特点等方面都发生了明显的变化,对小麦的生产产生了不利的影响。为了消除秸秆全量还田对小麦种植的影响,提出了相应的调整策略,以保证小麦生产的高产和稳产。

Impact of Climate Change on Epidemiology of Various Pests of Wheat Crop in Punjab Pakistan

Wheat [Triticum aestivum L. (Poaceae)] is the staple diet of people in Pakistan. It is attacked by many types of pests. Therefore the purpose of this study was to assess the impact of climate change on the ecology and epidemiology of various wheat pests in Punjab, Pakistan. Results indicate that maximum weeds hot spots 242 (5.98%) Phalaris minor, 45 (1.18%) wild oat and 203 (5.01%) broad leaf weeds were noted in 2015. Aphid 31 (0.86%) hot spots were recorded in 2016 while maximum army worm 13 (0.26%) hot spots were noted in 2017. Maximum 70 (1.73%) spots of yellow rust and 85 (2.10%) hot spots of brown rust were observed during 2015 while 84 (4.16%) spots of loose smut were observed during 2017. ANOVA shows that years have no significant difference (P > 0.05) but weeks have significant effect on occurrence of these pest incidences except brown rust. But regression ANOVA was significant (P ≤ 0.05) and regression models equations have been developed on the bases of recorded data. Pest incidence was taken as dependent variable Y and weather factors i.e. minimum temperature as X1, maximum temperature as X2, relative humidity as X3 and rain fall as X4 were taken as independent variables. This study will help in recommendations for moving forward aiming at integration of biology of rust and smut diseases of wheat with changing climate for development of resistant varieties for resilient and durable management of these pathogens.