Effects of a soybean milk product on feto-neonatal development in rats

Since estrogenic pollutants and phytoestrogens can cause the disorder of the reproductive system, the effects of a soybean milk product（Vegemil^（？） containing 162 ppm isoflavones） on the feto-neonatal development, including male reproductive function, were investigated. Pregnant rats were fed the soybean milk（5% or 100% in drinking water）from gestational day（GD） 6 to parturition or to post-natal day（PND） 56. Specifically, the rats were divided into 4 groups： the control group（drinking water）, the GD5% group（5% soybean milk during only the GD period）, the GDPND5% group（5% soybean milk during the GD and PND periods）, and the GD-PND100% group（100% soybean milk instead of water during the GD and PND periods）. During the gestational, lactational, and developmental periods, the reproductive and developmental parameters of dams and offspring were observed. Feeding soybean milk did not affect the birth and physical development of both male and female offspring. At PND57, the weights of the testes and epididymides of F1 males significantly increased by feeding a high concentration of the soybean milk（GDPND100%）. In addition, feeding of the soybean milk during both the GD and PND periods（GD-PND5% and GDPND100%） enhanced the sperm counts and motility. The results indicate that soybean milk is safe for embryos,fetuses, and offspring, and improves the post-generational development of male reproductive function.

Effects of Different Grinding Methods on the Quality of Soybean Bean Milk

[Objectives] This study was conducted to improve the nutritional value of soybean milk, enrich the variety and taste of soybean milk, and find healthy food that is more conducive to people s nutritional needs. [Methods] Whole soybean milk was prepared by grinding with a grinding wheel at a low concentration (low-concentration grinding) and a stainless steel mill at a high concentration (high-concentration grinding). The sensory, physical and chemical characteristics and anti-nutritional factors of whole soybean milk produced by different grinding methods were studied. [Results] Compared with low-concentration grinding, the protein content in soybean milk prepared by high-concentration grinding increased by 24%, and the dietary fiber content increased by 74.7%. Before and after high-pressure homogenization, the particle size D(4, 3) of soybean milk prepared by low-concentration grinding was 212.1 and 93.59 μm, respectively, and the particle size D(4, 3) of soybean milk prepared by high-concentration grinding was 134.0 and 64.64 μm, respectively. The trypsin inhibitor activity and phytic acid content of soybean milk prepared by high-concentration grinding were significantly lower than those of soybean milk prepared by low-concentration grinding. [Conclusions] This study improves the diet structure of the broad masses of people, strengthens people s physique, and provides a new idea for the implementation and development of China s "Soybean Action Programme".

Effect of Diet Supplementation with Combinations of Soybean and Linseed Oils on Milk Production and Fatty Acid Profile in Lactating Dairy Ewes

Thirty-six Pampinta ewes were used in a completely randomized design to examine the effectiveness of soybean (SO) and linseed (LO) oils to reduce the concentration of the atherogenic fatty acids (FA) of milk (C12:0 to C16:0) and increase the content of conjugated linoleic (cis-9, trans-11 C18:2) also called rumenic acid (RA) and vaccenic acids (trans-11C18:1, VA). Six ewes per treatment received a Control diet alone (71% alfalfa hay and 29% concentrate) or supplemented (0.24 kg/ewe·day) with pure oils (SO100 or LO100) or their blend at (%) SO75-LO25, SO50-LO50 and SO25-LO75. Milk yield, milk fat content and milk fat secretion were not affected. Milk protein content resulted higher in SO75-LO25, SO50-LO50 and SO25-LO75 without changes in milk protein yield. Total solid content of milk tended (p p p < 0.001) by oils reaching a minimum value of 1.89 in LO100. Feeding polyunsaturated oils at 7% of total dry matter (DM) intake did not affect the productive response of dairy ewes resulting in an effective tool to improve the healthy value of milk fat. The SO50-LO50 blend showed the highest number of healthy changes in milk FA composition.

植物基乳产业的发展趋势与技术创新

植物基乳产品作为植物基食品产业的重要组成部分,其发展水平对促进植物基食品产业有着举足轻重的作用。分析了全球植物基乳产品的市场规模和我国植物乳产品的市场情况:2023年,全球规模为296亿美元,并以11.4%的速度增长;我国植物基饮品包括豆奶、椰奶、核桃乳、杏仁乳等呈稳定性增长趋势,粉体类产品市场也较稳定(达30万t)。指出植物基乳作为未来食品需要进一步完善定义,充分体现植物基乳特征和属性要求;要加大力度开发满足新消费场景和渠道的新技术、新产品,解决消费者关心的植物基乳产品口味、价格和清洁标签等关键问题,加快植物基酸奶、冷饮等技术的成熟和落地,并通过开发满足不同消费场景、特殊营养、健康需求的产品,为植物基乳产品价值和市场竞争力赋能,创立多元化的植物基乳产业发展新模式。

豆浆豆腥味形成机理及其去除方法的研究进展

豆浆是一种营养价值丰富且能防治高血脂、高血压、动脉硬化、缺铁性贫血等疾病的理想植物蛋白饮料,经常食用可以增进和保护人体健康,甚至可以作为预防新冠的优质食品。但是大豆中天然存在的豆腥味降低了消费者的接受度,同时也限制了豆制品进一步的研发。本文针对能对豆浆豆腥味有贡献的挥发性化合物(醛类、醇类、呋喃类、酮类)及导致其形成的反应途径进行了系统的综述,并进一步阐述了豆腥味对豆浆开发的影响。随后从物理、化学、生物、遮蔽四个方面探讨了豆浆去腥工艺的发展现状,对当前豆腥味研究中存在的问题以及未来的研究方向做了归纳与展望,以期为开发低豆腥或无豆腥味豆制品及推动大豆类产品消费提供理论依据。

乳清蛋白粉与豆乳不同质量比对凝固型沙棘酸奶品质的影响

以1 L鲜牛乳质量为基准,向其中加入乳清蛋白粉(WPP)、豆乳、沙棘果汁及菌种,混合发酵制备凝固型沙棘酸奶,探究WPP与豆乳不同质量比(WPP与豆乳总质量100 g,A组4∶0,B组3∶1,C组2∶2,D组1∶3,E组0∶4,F组不添加WPP和豆乳,G组不加沙棘果汁、WPP和豆乳)对凝固型沙棘酸奶理化特性、微观结构、质构特性及感官品质的影响。结果表明:B、C、D、E组酸奶发酵时间约为5 h,A、F、G组酸奶发酵时间约为6 h;各组酸奶脂肪含量差异不大,E组酸奶蛋白质含量最高,为4.55%;A组酸奶的持水力最高,为98.02%±0.05%;C组酸奶(硬度0.45 N±0.03 N,胶着性0.47 N±0.02 N,咀嚼性6.32±0.41,黏附性0.57 N·s±0.07 N·s)的质地和微观结构最佳,且C组在贮存3 d时的感官评分最高,为88.8。

大豆油体替代牛乳脂肪对牛乳稳定性及其酸乳品质的影响

本研究首先从大豆种籽中提取大豆油体,然后将大豆油体替代牛乳中的脂肪,探讨大豆油体替代牛乳脂肪乳在不同环境下的稳定性,最后将大豆油体替代牛乳脂肪乳进行酸乳加工,以无水奶油替代牛乳脂肪乳及牛乳进行对照,考察大豆油体替代牛乳脂肪乳对牛乳稳定性及酸乳品质的影响。结果表明,大豆油体替代牛乳脂肪乳、无水奶油替代牛乳脂肪乳及牛乳在pH 2.0和4.0时,粒径较大。在pH 2.0~10.0,大豆油体替代牛乳脂肪乳的粒径显著高于无水奶油替代牛乳脂肪乳及牛乳的粒径(P<0.05)。除200 mmol/L外,在NaCl浓度0~500 mmol/L条件下,大豆油体替代牛乳脂肪乳的平均粒径显著高于无水奶油替代牛乳脂肪乳及牛乳的粒径(P<0.05),但是3种乳液油滴均没有明显的聚集,表现较稳定。在不同热处理温度条件下,大豆油体替代牛乳脂肪乳、无水奶油替代牛乳脂肪乳及牛乳都具有较高的热稳定性。大豆油体替代牛乳脂肪乳经过6 h发酵后其pH值能达到酸乳的理想pH值4.5左右,而且用时较无水奶油替代牛乳脂肪乳及牛乳短。大豆油体替代牛奶脂肪乳发酵形成的酸乳黏度显著高于无水奶油替代牛乳脂肪乳及牛乳发酵的酸乳的黏度(P<0.05),而且酸乳的感官和质地均较好。本研究可为大豆油体替代牛乳脂肪进行乳制品加工提供参考。

Antioxidant effect of Lactobacillus fermentum HFY02-fermented soy milk on D-galactose-induced aging mouse model

This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant effect of soybean milk fermented by a new type of Lactobacillus fermentum(LF-HFY02)by using D-galactose induced aging mice model.Firstly,the optimal fermentation conditions was screened out by detecting the effects of different fermentation temperature and time on the active components and antioxidant activity of soybean milk in viro.And then unfermented soybean milk and the soybean milk fermented by different Lactobacillus was given by gavage to D-galactose-induced aging mouse.The activities of GSH,GSH-Px,SOD,CAT and T-AOC in serum,brain and liver of soybean milk fermented by LF-HFY02 were significantly increased,while the content of MDA and the level of AGEs in hippocampal were significantly decreased compared with D-galactose induced group.Further more,the mRNA expression of GSH and SOD in mouse liver were obviously up-regulated by soybean milk fermented by LF-HFY02.The skin tissue structure of mice in the LF-HFY02 fermented soybean milk group was more complete,the collagen fibers were increased and arranged orderly and liver inflammation has improved compared with the model group.And Western blot analysis showed that LF-HFY02 effectively upregulated EGFR,SOD and GSH protein expression in mouse liver.These findings suggest that LF-HFY02 can effectively prevent D-galactose-induced oxidation and aging in mice,and the effect was even better than that of the Lactobacillus delbruechii subsp.bulgaricus and vitamin C.Thus,LF-HFY02 may be potentially employed as a probiotic strain.In conclusion,soybean milk fermented by LF-HFY02 can increase the content of antioxidant factors and the activity of antioxidant enzymes by regulating gene and protein expression,and finally inhibit the process of tissue cell peroxidation,and improve the oxidative damage of mouse skin and liver.The results could provide a basis for the research and development and industrial production of probiotic-related fermented soybean milk products.

发酵乳杆菌对灭菌豆浆中晚期糖化终末产物形成的影响

豆浆含有优质蛋白质、必需脂肪酸和大量维生素,其经过巴氏杀菌或超高温处理会促进还原糖和蛋白质之间的糖基化反应,产生糖基化产物和晚期糖化终末产物(advanced glycation end products,AGEs),进而对人类健康造成威胁。为提高豆浆的品质,该文利用发酵乳杆菌(Lactobacillus fermentum)发酵豆浆,探究发酵乳杆菌对灭菌豆浆AGEs含量的影响。结果表明,经L.fermentum发酵灭菌后的豆浆,荧光强度降低12%~17%。发酵豆浆可减少羰基化对蛋白二级结构的破坏,α-螺旋转变成β-折叠和无规卷曲。同时,发酵使灭菌豆浆的异黄酮含量从274.43μg/mL提升至351.83μg/mL;发酵乳杆菌发酵豆浆与豆浆相比,可显著提高抗氧化活性。综上所述,乳酸菌可抑制食品加工过程中AGEs的形成。

苦荞芽粉对大豆生乳腥味的影响及应用研究

目的研究苦荞芽粉对大豆生乳腥味的影响及其在大豆大樱桃酸奶中的应用。方法通过单因素实验探究苦荞芽粉的添加量、作用温度及作用时间对大豆脂肪氧合酶酶活、总醛含量和感官评分的影响,用正交实验优化工艺参数,再以感官评分、大豆总醛含量和脂肪氧合酶活性为验证指标,验证苦荞芽粉对大豆生乳脱腥效果。大豆生乳脱腥后加入大樱桃浆发酵得到大豆大樱桃酸奶,并与未脱腥处理发酵的大豆大樱桃酸奶进行对比。结果苦荞芽粉能抑制大豆脂肪氧合酶的活性,减少大豆总醛的产生,有效降低大豆生乳的腥味。苦荞芽粉用量、作用温度和时间对大豆总醛含量有显著影响(P<0.05)。最佳脱腥参数:作用温度为45℃,作用时间为2.5 h,苦荞芽粉添加量为2%,此条件下试验组比对照组总醛含量降低59%,脂肪氧合酶活性降低85%,大豆生乳豆香味浓郁,无腥味,口感细腻,无苦涩味,色泽均匀,感官评价为8.2分,显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。制成的大豆大樱桃酸奶呈粉红色、香气浓郁、口感细腻,感官评分(86.00分)显著高于对照组,蛋白质含量为3.59 g/100 g、脂肪为2.73 g/100 g、乳酸菌4.9×10^(8)CFU/mL,大肠杆菌没有检出,其余各项指标均达到国家标准要求。结论在大豆生乳中添加苦荞芽粉能抑制脂肪氧合酶酶活,降低总醛含量,有效降低了大豆腥味,经苦荞芽粉脱腥处理后的大豆生乳制成的大豆大樱桃酸奶品质更高,这可为提高大豆制品的食用品质及相关食品的开发和应用提供参考。

高压均质辅助酶解豆乳对蛋白结构及抗营养因子的影响

以冷榨磨浆工艺所得豆乳为原料,研究高压均质辅助不同蛋白酶(碱性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、菠萝蛋白酶)水解豆乳对其结构及品质的影响。结果表明,随着均质压力的增加,酶解豆乳溶解度和水解度分别高达91.9%和8.24%,同时豆乳粒径分布更加均匀,表面负电荷增加,稳定性明显提高;SDS-PAGE电泳、红外光谱和荧光光谱研究豆乳中蛋白结构的变化,结果表明不同均质压力辅助酶解处理改变了蛋白质的线性表位,大分子量的抗营养蛋白因子条带呈变浅趋势,二级结构中α-螺旋、β-折叠和无规则卷曲含量减少;测定抗营养因子含量揭示蛋白质结构与功能的关系,发现均质压力在100 MPa时,3种酶对大豆球蛋白、β-伴大豆球蛋白、植酸、大豆凝集素、胰蛋白酶抑制剂和脂肪氧化酶6种抗营养因子达到最佳去除效果,抑制率分别高达51.28%、57.83%、72.31%、71.4%、89.55%和82.96%,脲酶活性均呈阴性。研究结果可为营养健康豆乳的制备提供理论基础。

大豆发酵乳加工研究进展

利用单一或复合益生菌株对大豆进行发酵,其发酵乳成为一种健康的植物基发酵食品。根据大豆发酵乳相关试验研究与报道,从原料处理方式、营养物质变化、新型产品开发等方面入手,探讨大豆发酵乳研究进展,为开发大豆发酵乳制品和丰富发酵乳产品种类提供技术参考。

UPLC-Q-TOF-MS结合网络药理学及实验验证探讨益气平喘豆乳粉药物成分及其干预COPD的作用机制

目的运用UPLC-Q-TOF-MS、网络药理学和实验验证探讨益气平喘豆乳粉干预慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)的作用机制。方法采用UPLC-Q-TOF-MS解析益气平喘豆乳粉中药复方中的活性成分,在SwissTargetPrediction中筛选靶点;在GeneCards中收集COPD靶点,运用Venny 2.1.0平台,对活性成分靶点与COPD靶点取交集获得潜在靶点;将潜在靶点导入STRING和DAVID中进行蛋白质相互作用网络分析(protein-protein interaction,PPI)、GO和KEGG分析。将36只小鼠按随机数字表法分为正常组、模型组、高剂量组(12.0 mL/kg)、中剂量组(6.0 mL/kg)、低剂量组(3.0 mL/kg)、地塞米松组(1.0 mg/kg),每组6只。1天1次,连续给药30 d。除正常组外,其余小鼠采用脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)联合香烟烟雾诱导法建立COPD小鼠模型。造模成功后,每周测量1次小鼠体质量,末次给药后,HE染色观察肺组织及脂肪组织形态变化;ELISA检测血清及支气管肺泡(bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,BALF)灌洗液中炎症因子TNF-α、IL-6水平;RT-PCR检测肺组织中TNF-α、ICAM-1、SELE mRNA水平。结果UPLC-Q-TOF-MS分析得到143个活性成分,297个潜在交集靶点。PPI、GO和KEGG分析发现,益气平喘豆乳粉可能通过作用于TNF、AKT1、IL-6等靶点,调节TNF、PI3K-Akt、癌症等信号通路以干预COPD病理机制。动物实验结果显示,与正常组相比,模型组小鼠肺组织可见大量炎性细胞浸润,脂肪组织中空泡脂滴增多,体质量明显降低(P<0.01),血清中TNF-α和IL-6含量升高(P<0.01)。与模型组相比,各用药组肺组织炎症细胞浸润程度减轻,脂肪细胞分布增多排列紧密,中剂量组小鼠体质量降低最少(P<0.05),高剂量组小鼠血清中TNF-α含量显著降低(P<0.05),各用药组肺组织中ICAM-1 mRNA的相对表达量显著降低(P<0.01)。结论益气平喘豆乳粉可能通过干预TNF、PI3K-Akt通路,抑制TNF-α、IL-6的释放,发挥抗炎、改善营养不良等作用。

苦荞对发酵豆乳纳豆激酶活力、风味及抗氧化活性的影响

相较于纳豆,以纳豆芽孢杆菌发酵获得的发酵豆乳食用更方便,但同样存在纳豆激酶活性低、风味不良等缺点。作者首先研究了苦荞、糙米、薏米、藜麦、燕麦粉对纳豆芽孢杆菌产纳豆激酶能力的影响。结果表明,添加苦荞的效果最好,当添加质量分数为3%时,纳豆芽孢杆菌液体发酵的酶活力由原来的5803.12 U/mL提高到23326.23 U/mL;然后研究了苦荞粉对纳豆芽孢杆菌发酵豆乳的纳豆激酶活力、风味及抗氧化活性的影响。结果显示,当添加的苦荞质量为大豆质量的50%时,发酵豆乳的纳豆激酶活力、挥发性盐基氮质量浓度和总抗氧化能力分别为4460.28 U/mL、3.45 mg/dL和16.34 mmol/L,分别为纯大豆发酵所得豆乳的161.42%、79.84%和196.39%。添加苦荞能够明显提高发酵豆乳中纳豆激酶活力,并且改善风味和抗氧化活性。该研究可为开发富含纳豆激酶、食用方便的纳豆食品提供借鉴。

UPLC-MS/MS法测定牛奶和豆乳中百草枯和敌草快的残留量

建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)测定牛奶和豆乳两种基质中百草枯和敌草快残留量的检测方法。5 g样品经甲酸酸化超声20 min,涡旋振荡5 min辅助提取,加入10 mL甲醇,涡旋振荡5 min,15000 r/min离心10 min。上清液经正己烷脱脂,在电喷雾离子源正离子条件下检测,同时考察了牛奶和豆乳样品的基质效应。结果表明,牛奶和豆乳基质中百草枯和敌草快检出限均为0.0015 mg/kg,定量限均为0.0025 mg/kg。百草枯和敌草快在两种基质中的基质效应较强,需要以基质内标标准曲线进行定量校正。在百草枯和敌草快标准品添加范围为0.0025~0.025 mg/kg时,回收率在74.8%~115.6%之间,精密度试验结果相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.8%~7.7%。方法操作简单快速,适用于牛奶和豆乳样品中百草枯和敌草快的检测。

UPLC-MS/MS测定生乳与豆制饮品中咪唑烟酸残留

该研究考察生乳与豆制饮品中咪唑烟酸的前处理条件,旨在建立一种超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)检测生乳与豆制饮品中咪唑烟酸农药残留的方法。结果表明,该方法的前处理条件为采用甲酸∶乙腈=5∶995(V/V)提取,HLB固相萃取柱净化,20%乙腈水溶液定容。选择电喷雾离子源正离子(ESI+)多反应监测(MRM)模式,采用UPLC-MS/MS测定咪唑烟酸,外标法定量。在此条件下,咪唑烟酸在2.0~30.0μg/L质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数R2>0.99,生乳和豆制饮品中咪唑烟酸的检出限(LOD)和定量限(LOQ)均分别为0.002 mg/kg、0.005 mg/kg,加标回收率为80.77%~90.35%,精密度试验结果的相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.43%~5.27%,说明该方法简便、快速、准确,具有一定的推广价值,可用于生乳与豆制饮品中咪唑烟酸残留量检测。

豆浆粉溶液的流变性能和润滑性能研究

豆浆粉冲泡的豆浆组分复杂,其流变性能和润滑性能的深入研究将有助于提供合适的冲泡比例和新型豆浆粉产品的开发。配制不同冲泡比例的纯豆浆溶液中,添加质量分数10%的蔗糖得到加糖豆浆溶液,然后将人工唾液以质量比1∶1加入纯豆浆和加糖豆浆溶液中,得到不同组成的豆浆样品。以聚二甲基硅氧烷(polydimethylsiloxane,PDMS)制备球-盘为软接触配副,研究其不同豆浆样品的流变性能和润滑性能。结果表明:豆浆样品黏度与豆浆粉质量分数呈正相关关系,而蔗糖和人工唾液的添加导致豆浆黏度的降低;豆浆润滑状态主要表现为边界润滑和混合润滑;在豆浆样品及混合人工唾液的豆浆样品中添加蔗糖,均能改善其润滑性能;豆浆粉与水的质量比为1∶5的样品的平均摩擦因数更低,因此从顺滑感角度出发,冲泡比例1∶5是优先推荐的冲泡比例,其研究结果为新型豆浆粉的研发提供较好的技术指导。

响应面法优化豆浆结垢量加工工艺及其特性分析

为了探究豆浆加热过程中产生结垢的影响因素,本研究采用徐豆4号大豆为原料,通过单因素试验和响应面试验探讨豆浆酸碱性、加热功率、预热温度、搅拌速度对豆浆加热过程中产生结垢量的影响。探讨豆浆加工过程中产生最低结垢量的工艺条件。进一步以此工艺加工的豆浆为原料加工内酯豆腐,并对其质构特性和感官特性进行分析。结果表明:豆浆加工过程中产生的最低结垢量的工艺条件为:豆浆pH6.95、加热功率为1 600 W、预热温度为89℃、搅拌速度为498 r·min^(-1),豆浆生成的结垢量为2 011.3 mg。质构特性和感官评定对比分析表明:该加工工艺组合可制得硬度适中、弹性较足、黏性较好、颜色白嫩和豆腐感纯正的内酯豆腐。

高寒地区专用型大豆品种的筛选

为筛选出黑龙江高寒地区适于豆浆、豆腐生产的专用型大豆品种,试验以23个大豆品种为材料,以豆浆得率、豆浆感官评分等指标进行豆浆专用品种分析;以豆腐得率、豆腐感官评分、蛋白质含量、11S球蛋白含量、7S球蛋白及粗脂肪含量等指标进行豆腐专用品种筛选分析。结果表明:黑河52和黑河43适宜作为高寒地区豆浆豆专用品种。黑河52的产量为3787.30 g·hm^(-2)、蛋白质含量为41.17%、脂肪含量为21.27%、豆浆得率为81.28%及豆浆感官评分为74.73,黑河43的产量为3764.55 kg·hm^(-2)、蛋白质含量为41.63%、脂肪含量为21.27%、豆浆得率为81.65%及豆浆感官评分为79.07;龙垦356、龙垦356和龙垦330适宜作为高寒地区豆腐豆专用品种,龙垦356的产量为3761.48 kg·hm^(-2)、蛋白质含量为42.53%、脂肪含量为20.30%、豆腐得率2.11、豆腐含水率为81.92%、保水率为77.11%及豆腐感官评分为74.33,龙垦330的产量为3775.10 kg·hm^(-2)、蛋白质含量为42.20%、脂肪含量为21.33%、豆腐得率2.06、豆腐含水率为80.97%、保水率为75.57%及豆腐感官评分为73.60。