[Objectives]The study aims to discuss the effects of addition of arginine and glutamic acid or soybean phospholipid,vitamin E and yeast selenium in diet on the slaughter performance and meat quality of long(white)...[Objectives]The study aims to discuss the effects of addition of arginine and glutamic acid or soybean phospholipid,vitamin E and yeast selenium in diet on the slaughter performance and meat quality of long(white)×large(York)binary hybrid pigs.[Methods]27 long×large castrated hybrid boars with the body weight of(54.4±0.15)kg were randomly divided into 3 groups,with 3 replicates per group and 3 pigs per replicate.Group A was the control group,in which the pigs were fed basal diet;in group B,0.8%arginine and 0.60%glutamate were added to the basal diet;in group C,75 g of soybean phospholipid,20 g of vitamin E and 8 g of yeast selenium were added to every 100 kg of the basal diet.The trial period was 60 d.After the experiment was ended,one test pig with similar body weight was selected from each replicate for slaughter and meat determination.[Results]The average weight gain and eye muscle area of the pigs in group B were significantly higher than those in group C(P<0.05),and also showed an increasing trend compared with group A,but there was no statistically significant difference(P>0.05);there was no significant difference between group B or C and group A in the average weight gain and eye muscle area(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in other slaughter performance between the three groups(P>0.05).Besides,there was also no significant difference in the content of various amino acids,total amino acids and total umami amino acids between the three groups(P>0.05).The inosine content in the longissimus dorsi muscle and muscle cooking loss of binary hybrid pigs in group C were significantly better than those in group B(P<0.05),and also had a tendency to be better than those in group A,but there was no significant difference(P>0.05);there was no significant difference between group B or C and group A in the inosine content and muscle cooking loss of the pigs(P>0.05).In addition,there was no significant difference in other meat traits and chemical composition of the longissimus dorsi muscle between group B or C and group A(P>0.05).[Conclusions]The addition of arginine and glutamic acid or soybean phospholipid,vitamin E and yeast selenium in diet had no significant effect on the growth rate,slaughter performance and meat traits of long×large binary hybrid pigs.展开更多
Liposomes were prepared with natural soybean phospholipids by extrusion method after rotating-film evaporating technique. Transmission electron micrography was used to detect the appearances of the prepared liposomes,...Liposomes were prepared with natural soybean phospholipids by extrusion method after rotating-film evaporating technique. Transmission electron micrography was used to detect the appearances of the prepared liposomes, and the liposome diameter was also measured. The prepared liposomes were sphere in shape with the mean diameter of 217 nm and span of 0.838. The phospholipid bilayer structure, suitable for entrapping various effector molecules, could be seen clearly under transmission electron microscopy. The bile salts of sodium cholate and sodium deoxycholate were used as the surfactants to investigate their interaction with liposomes. The turbidities for the mixture of bile salts and liposomes were evaluated by the visible spectrometry method at the wavelength of 500 nm. And the diameter changes of liposomes were also tested to examine the effect of bile salts on liposomes. At the beginning, the diameters and turbidities of liposomes increased a little as the result of mixed micelles formation during the different stages for the structure changes of surfactant-liposomes micelles. The further added bile salts decreased the diameters and turbidities of liposomes. The liposome suspension underwent several rearrangements before small mixed micelles formed. And the diameter of liposomes changed regularly. The interaction of bile salts and liposomes is important for the further study of the behaviors of liposomes in vivo. The drug loaded and release properties of liposomes can also be well reflected by the interaction of liposomes and surfactants.展开更多
It has been previously reported that soybean phosphatide could reduce the cerebral ischemia damage obviously. Whether soybean phospholipid liposome （SPL） can protect cerebral cortical neurons cultured in vitro from ...It has been previously reported that soybean phosphatide could reduce the cerebral ischemia damage obviously. Whether soybean phospholipid liposome （SPL） can protect cerebral cortical neurons cultured in vitro from glutamate （Glu）-induced neurotoxicity, particularly nerve cell membrane damage has not been fully investigated. OBJECTIVE： To study the protective effects of SPL on Glu-induced neurotoxicity of neurons in culture, and to discuss the possible mechanisms of neuroprotection. DESIGN： Randomized controlled trial. SETTING： Department of Biochemistry, Liaoning Medical University. MATERIALS： Twelve Spragne-Dawley rats, of either gender, aged 0 to 1 day, were involved in this study. Drugs and reagents： poly-L-lysine and L-glutamate were purchased from Sigma company （USA）. METHODS： The study was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry of Jinzhou Medical University from November 2004 to June 2005. Glu （ 1 X 10^- 4 mol/L ） was added to cortical neurons in injury group for 3 hours, while different concentrations of SPL （0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6 g/L） were added at the same time in the SPL groups. Neurons in the normal control group were untouched. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： According to the instruction of reagent kit, lactate dehydrogenase（LDH） activity and nitric oxide（NO） content in the supernatant fluid of the culture medium were assayed, and the activity of nitric oxide synthase （NOS） and superoxide dismutase（SOD）, malonaldehyde （MDA） content in the neurocytes were also determined. RESULTS： ①Activities of LDH and NOS, as well as NO content in the supernatant fluid of injury group were significantly higher than those of normal control group （P 〈 0.01）. Activities of LDH and NO S, and NO content in the supernatant fluid of SPL groups were significantly lower than those of injury group （P 〈 0.01）. ②MDA content of the SPL groups was significantly lower than that of injury group （P 〈 0.01）; SOD activity of neurons in the injury group was significantly lower than that in the normal control group （P 〈 0.01）, but was significantly higher than that in the injury group （P 〈 0.01）. ③ The protective effect of SPL increased with increasing concentration （0.2 - 0.8 g/L）, and plateaus at around 1.6 g/L. CONCLUSION： SPL can protect rat cerebral cortical neurons from Glu-induced neurotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. This protection is possibly related to SPL＇s effect against damages associated with lipid peroxidation.展开更多
基金Supported by Self-funded Project of Agricultural Science and Technology of Guangxi(Z2022114).
文摘[Objectives]The study aims to discuss the effects of addition of arginine and glutamic acid or soybean phospholipid,vitamin E and yeast selenium in diet on the slaughter performance and meat quality of long(white)×large(York)binary hybrid pigs.[Methods]27 long×large castrated hybrid boars with the body weight of(54.4±0.15)kg were randomly divided into 3 groups,with 3 replicates per group and 3 pigs per replicate.Group A was the control group,in which the pigs were fed basal diet;in group B,0.8%arginine and 0.60%glutamate were added to the basal diet;in group C,75 g of soybean phospholipid,20 g of vitamin E and 8 g of yeast selenium were added to every 100 kg of the basal diet.The trial period was 60 d.After the experiment was ended,one test pig with similar body weight was selected from each replicate for slaughter and meat determination.[Results]The average weight gain and eye muscle area of the pigs in group B were significantly higher than those in group C(P<0.05),and also showed an increasing trend compared with group A,but there was no statistically significant difference(P>0.05);there was no significant difference between group B or C and group A in the average weight gain and eye muscle area(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in other slaughter performance between the three groups(P>0.05).Besides,there was also no significant difference in the content of various amino acids,total amino acids and total umami amino acids between the three groups(P>0.05).The inosine content in the longissimus dorsi muscle and muscle cooking loss of binary hybrid pigs in group C were significantly better than those in group B(P<0.05),and also had a tendency to be better than those in group A,but there was no significant difference(P>0.05);there was no significant difference between group B or C and group A in the inosine content and muscle cooking loss of the pigs(P>0.05).In addition,there was no significant difference in other meat traits and chemical composition of the longissimus dorsi muscle between group B or C and group A(P>0.05).[Conclusions]The addition of arginine and glutamic acid or soybean phospholipid,vitamin E and yeast selenium in diet had no significant effect on the growth rate,slaughter performance and meat traits of long×large binary hybrid pigs.
文摘Liposomes were prepared with natural soybean phospholipids by extrusion method after rotating-film evaporating technique. Transmission electron micrography was used to detect the appearances of the prepared liposomes, and the liposome diameter was also measured. The prepared liposomes were sphere in shape with the mean diameter of 217 nm and span of 0.838. The phospholipid bilayer structure, suitable for entrapping various effector molecules, could be seen clearly under transmission electron microscopy. The bile salts of sodium cholate and sodium deoxycholate were used as the surfactants to investigate their interaction with liposomes. The turbidities for the mixture of bile salts and liposomes were evaluated by the visible spectrometry method at the wavelength of 500 nm. And the diameter changes of liposomes were also tested to examine the effect of bile salts on liposomes. At the beginning, the diameters and turbidities of liposomes increased a little as the result of mixed micelles formation during the different stages for the structure changes of surfactant-liposomes micelles. The further added bile salts decreased the diameters and turbidities of liposomes. The liposome suspension underwent several rearrangements before small mixed micelles formed. And the diameter of liposomes changed regularly. The interaction of bile salts and liposomes is important for the further study of the behaviors of liposomes in vivo. The drug loaded and release properties of liposomes can also be well reflected by the interaction of liposomes and surfactants.
文摘It has been previously reported that soybean phosphatide could reduce the cerebral ischemia damage obviously. Whether soybean phospholipid liposome （SPL） can protect cerebral cortical neurons cultured in vitro from glutamate （Glu）-induced neurotoxicity, particularly nerve cell membrane damage has not been fully investigated. OBJECTIVE： To study the protective effects of SPL on Glu-induced neurotoxicity of neurons in culture, and to discuss the possible mechanisms of neuroprotection. DESIGN： Randomized controlled trial. SETTING： Department of Biochemistry, Liaoning Medical University. MATERIALS： Twelve Spragne-Dawley rats, of either gender, aged 0 to 1 day, were involved in this study. Drugs and reagents： poly-L-lysine and L-glutamate were purchased from Sigma company （USA）. METHODS： The study was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry of Jinzhou Medical University from November 2004 to June 2005. Glu （ 1 X 10^- 4 mol/L ） was added to cortical neurons in injury group for 3 hours, while different concentrations of SPL （0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6 g/L） were added at the same time in the SPL groups. Neurons in the normal control group were untouched. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： According to the instruction of reagent kit, lactate dehydrogenase（LDH） activity and nitric oxide（NO） content in the supernatant fluid of the culture medium were assayed, and the activity of nitric oxide synthase （NOS） and superoxide dismutase（SOD）, malonaldehyde （MDA） content in the neurocytes were also determined. RESULTS： ①Activities of LDH and NOS, as well as NO content in the supernatant fluid of injury group were significantly higher than those of normal control group （P 〈 0.01）. Activities of LDH and NO S, and NO content in the supernatant fluid of SPL groups were significantly lower than those of injury group （P 〈 0.01）. ②MDA content of the SPL groups was significantly lower than that of injury group （P 〈 0.01）; SOD activity of neurons in the injury group was significantly lower than that in the normal control group （P 〈 0.01）, but was significantly higher than that in the injury group （P 〈 0.01）. ③ The protective effect of SPL increased with increasing concentration （0.2 - 0.8 g/L）, and plateaus at around 1.6 g/L. CONCLUSION： SPL can protect rat cerebral cortical neurons from Glu-induced neurotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. This protection is possibly related to SPL＇s effect against damages associated with lipid peroxidation.
