Soybean maize strip intercropping:A solution for maintaining food security in China

The practice of intercropping leguminous and gramineous crops is used for promoting sustainable agriculture,optimizing resource utilization,enhancing biodiversity,and reducing reliance on petroleum products.However,promoting conventional intercropping strategies in modern agriculture can prove challenging.The innovative technology of soybean maize strip intercropping(SMSI)has been proposed as a solution.This system has produced remarkable results in improving domestic soybean and maize production for both food security and sustainable agriculture.In this article,we provide an overview of SMSI and explain how it differs from traditional intercropping.We also discuss the core principles that foster higher yields and the prospects for its future development.

Maize-soybean strip intercropping： Achieved a balance between high productivity and sustainability

Intercropping is one of the most vital practice to improve land utilization rate in China that has limited arable land resource. However, the traditional intercropping systems have many disadvantages including illogical field lay-out of crops, low economic value, and labor deficiency, which cannot balance the crop production and agricultural sustainability. In view of this, we developed a novel soybean strip intercropping model using maize as the partner, the regular maize-soybean strip intercropping mainly popularized in northern China and maize-soybean relay-strip intercropping principally extended in southwestern China. Compared to the traditional maize-soybean intercropping systems, the main innovation of field lay-out style in our present intercropping systems is that the distance of two adjacent maize rows are shrunk as a narrow strip, and a strip called wide strip between two adjacent narrow strips is expanded reserving for the growth of two or three rows of soybean plants. The distance between outer rows of maize and soybean strips are expanded enough for light use efficiency improvement and tractors working in the soybean strips. Importantly, optimal cultivar screening and increase of plant density achieved a high yield of both the two crops in the intercropping systems and increased land equivalent ratio as high as 2.2. Annually alternative rotation of the adjacent maize-and soybean-strips increased the grain yield of next seasonal maize, improved the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potasium of maize, while prevented the continuous cropping obstacles. Extra soybean production was obtained without affecting maize yield in our strip intercropping systems, which balanced the high crop production and agricultural sustainability.

The Ecological Effects of Young Elm Trees Belt-Pumpkin Strip Intercropping System at the Agro-Pastoral Ecotone in Northern China

Young elm trees belt-pumpkin strip intercropping was studied to solve the actual problem of resource losses in the large barren area resulted from reconverting cultivated land into forest in the agro-pastoral ecotone in northern China. The final objective was to realize effective utilization of the barren land with both ecological improvement and economic development. Field experiments were conducted together with laboratory analysis. The results indicated that the soil moisture level was remarkably increased in young elm trees belt-pumpkin strip intereropping because the pumpkin vines covered the gap between pumpkin planting-furrow and elm trees belt. The water use efficiency of the intercropping system was increased by 23.7-163.3% as compared with the single cropping. Elm trees belt-pumpkin strip intercropping changed the sequential succession trend of the grasses growing in the gap of the pumpkin planting-furrow. The annual grasses become the dominant vegetation. The nutritive value as fodder and yield of the annual grasses were also increased remarkably. The biomass of pumpkin, elm trees and grasses under intercropping increased by 24.4, 28.4 and 144.4%, respectively, as compared with those under single cropping. The land use efficiency was increased by 132%. It was also indicated that the soil erosion from the intercropping land was not increased due to pumpkin plantation. The differences in the soil erosion among intercropped area, elm trees belt and pumpkin strip with single cropping were not remarkable. Therefore, it was concluded that young elm trees belt-pumpkin strip intercropping is an effective way to utilize the barren land between the young elm trees belt and realize synergistic enhancement of ecological benefit and economic profit.

Maize-legume intercropping promote N uptake through changing the root spatial distribution,legume nodulation capacity,and soil N availability

Legume cultivars affect N uptake,component crop growth,and soil physical and chemical characteristics in maize-legume intercropping systems.However,how belowground interactions mediate root growth,N fixation,and nodulation of different legumes to affect N uptake is still unclear.Hence,a two-year experiment was conducted with five planting patterns,i.e.,maize-soybean strip intercropping(IMS),maize-peanut strip intercropping(IMP),and corresponding monocultures(monoculture maize(MM),monoculture soybean(MS),and monoculture peanut(MP)),and two N application rates,i.e.,no N fertilizer(N-)and conventional N fertilizer(N+),to examine relationships between N uptake and root distribution of crops,legume nodulation and soil N availability.Results showed that the averaged N uptake per unit area of intercrops was significantly lower than the corresponding monocultures.Compared with the monoculture system,the N uptake of the intercropping systems increased by 31.7-45.4%in IMS and by 7.4-12.2%in IMP,respectively.The N uptake per plant of intercropped maize and soybean significantly increased by 61.6 and 31.8%,and that of intercropped peanuts significantly decreased by 46.6%compared with the corresponding monocultures.Maize and soybean showed asymmetrical distribution of roots in strip intercropping systems.The root length density(RLD)and root surface area density(RSAD)of intercropped maize and soybean were significantly greater than that of the corresponding monocultures.The roots of intercropped peanuts were confined,which resulted in decreased RLD and RSAD compared with the monoculture.The nodule number and nodule fresh weight of soybean were significantly greater in IMS than in MS,and those of peanut were significantly lower in IMP than in MP.The soil protease,urease,and nitrate reductase activities of maize and soybean were significantly greater in IMS and IMP than in the corresponding monoculture,while the enzyme activities of peanut were significantly lower in IMP than in MP.The soil available N of maize and soybean was significantly greater increased in IMS and IMP than in the corresponding monocultures,while that of IMP was significantly lower than in MP.In summary,the IMS system was more beneficial to N uptake than the IMP system.The intercropping of maize and legumes can promote the N uptake of maize,thus reducing the need for N application and improving agricultural sustainability.

Seedling defoliation of cereal crops increases peanut growth and yield in an intercropping system

Intercropping cereals and legumes is practiced widely in the world for improving yields and economic benefits. Shorter legume crops in intercropping are shaded by taller cereals, substantially reducing legume growth and yield. Reducing shade in intercropping by shortening the plant height of cereals by seedling defoliation has been proposed as a practical approach to increase crop yields and land productivity. A two-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of defoliation of cereal crops at seedling stage on the growth and yield of peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.) intercropped with corn(Zea mays L.) or millet(Setaria italica L.). In comparison with non-defoliation controls, defoliation reduced final plant height by 29 cm on average for corn and 18 cm for millet. Photosynthetically active radiation on peanut in intercropping systems with corn or millet intercropping was respectively 27.0% and 22.8% higher than those in controls, significantly improving the light environment of intercropped peanut. Net photosynthetic rates of peanut were on average 25.5% higher in corn and peanut intercropping and 19.6% higher in millet and peanut intercropping than those in non-defoliation controls. Total biomass of intercropped peanut increased owing to increased root growth. Across two years, yield of peanut intercropped with corn was 27.7% and with millet 32.8% higher than those of controls. Defoliation of cereal crops did not affect corn yield but significantly decreased millet yield by 24.5%. Our results suggest that applying seedling defoliation in intercropped corn could increase peanut yield without compromising corn yield in an intercropping system.

不同带宽行比对玉米/大豆带状间套作群体产量和氮素效率的影响

为明确玉米/大豆带状间套作的最优配置,大田试验条件下,以单作玉米(MM)和单作大豆(MS)为对照,设置5种不同带宽行比:2 m带宽玉豆行数比为2∶2(T1)、2.4 m带宽玉豆行数比为2∶3(T2)、2.4 m带宽玉豆行数比为2∶4(T3)、2.8 m带宽玉豆行数比为2∶3(T4)、2.8 m带宽玉豆行数比为2∶4(T5),研究不同带宽行比对玉米/大豆带状间套作群体产量和氮素利用效率的影响。结果表明,玉米籽粒产量总体上随着带宽增加呈现逐渐减少的趋势,大豆籽粒产量总体上随着带宽增加呈现逐渐增加的趋势;相同带宽条件下,随着玉米大豆行比增加,玉米籽粒产量下降,大豆籽粒产量增加;玉米和大豆的植株氮素吸收利用效率变化规律与籽粒产量基本相一致。与对照相比,T2有提高玉米和大豆的收获指数,增加氮素在玉米和大豆籽粒的分配比例、降低在茎秆的分配比例的趋势。综合产量、经济效益以及群体氮素吸收、分配和利用效率的表现,2.4 m带宽下种植2行玉米3行大豆为鄂西南山区玉米/大豆的最优间套作模式。

宽幅条播对燕麦间作箭筈豌豆产量及种间关系的影响

为明确宽幅条播对燕麦‖箭筈豌豆间作系统生产力的影响,在常规条播和宽幅条播两种播种方式下设置燕麦单作、箭筈豌豆单作及燕麦‖箭筈豌豆间作三种种植方式,比较分析了不同处理间作物产量、种间关系及燕麦产量构成因素的差异。结果表明,与单作相比,间作燕麦的饲草及籽粒产量显著提高,增幅分别为24.25%~32.77%和27.44%~32.69%,而间作箭筈豌豆的饲草及籽粒产量降低为7.16%~8.08%和2.80%~5.48%。宽幅条播可提高燕麦及箭筈豌豆产量,宽幅条播间作饲草和籽粒产量的土地当量比较常规条播间作分别提高0.03和0.06。在间作中,燕麦的侵占力大于0,实际产量损失大于1,竞争比率大于1,且燕麦的相对拥挤系数大于箭筈豌豆,说明燕麦在间作系统中处于竞争优势。间作燕麦穗数、穗粒数和穗重较单作显著提高,平均增幅分别为24.23%、14.84%和17.43%,其中宽幅条播间作处理的穗粒数、公顷穗数和穗重均显著高于其他处理。由此可见,宽幅条播下通过与箭筈豌豆间作,可提高燕麦生产力和土地资源利用效率。

南充市大豆玉米带状复合种植调研报告

为了解南充市大豆玉米带状复合种植现状,文章以南充市南部县与西充县多个大豆玉米带状复合种植示范区为调研对象,对调研区的基本种植情况、存在问题进行调研,提出促进南充市大豆生产发展建议,包括优选良种,加强田间管理;推进西南丘区小型智能农机装备研发进程;提供政策扶持,加快大豆生物育种步伐,旨在为提升南充大豆单产水平提供参考,助力南充市大豆产业发展。

饲用高粱、青贮玉米带状间作苗后除草剂筛选及安全性评价

对饲用高粱、青贮玉米带状间作地用40%甲磺草胺悬乳剂、48%麦草畏水剂及25%二氯喹啉酸悬乳剂3种除草剂单剂和复配使用的杂草防除效果和安全性进行评价。结果表明,40%甲磺草胺悬乳剂、48%麦草畏水剂和25%二氯喹啉酸悬乳剂均对间作饲用高粱和青贮玉米具有良好的安全性,且以40%甲磺草胺悬乳剂540 g·hm^(-2)+48%麦草畏水剂450 m L·hm^(-2)+25%二氯喹啉酸悬乳剂630 g·hm^(-2)复配制剂除草效果表现最优,在饲用高粱3~4叶期喷施,15 d对田间总草(田间全部杂草)防除效果可达93.64%,30 d防除效果为92.80%。

带状复合种植模式下玉米大豆性状表现与综合效益分析

于2022年引进了5个玉米品种,与鄂豆10号大豆带状复合种植,观察玉米和大豆的相关性状,筛选出适宜的玉米品种,分析综合效益。结果表明:各复合种植模式中,以MY73+鄂豆10号处理的玉米单产、总产、总产值最高,分别为6 655 kg/hm^(2)、8 030 kg/hm^(2)、26 103元/hm^(2);玉米品种MY73在试验中表现为产量最高、株高较矮、综合抗性好,是玉米大豆复合种植模式中较适宜的品种。

鲜食花生‖鲜食玉米高值化生产技术

在玉米花生带状复合种植技术的基础上,利用鲜食玉米生育期短、鲜食花生提前收获的特点,创新发展了鲜食花生‖鲜食玉米高值化生产技术,该技术在黄淮地区可以实现鲜食花生‖鲜食玉米一年两季种植。本文通过分析该技术在适宜模式、品种和机械的选择以及抢墒播种、水肥管理、病虫草防控、旺长调控、收获与储运等环节的关键要点,及其主要优势和应用前景,以期为该技术在粮油主产区推广应用提供技术支撑。

胡麻间作模式对作物养分吸收利用及产量的影响

为明确不同胡麻间作系统中作物养分吸收利用对产量贡献的差异,本研究采用田间二因素随机区组试验设计,设置两种间作类型:胡麻||玉米间作(F||M)、胡麻||大豆间作(F||S), 3种带型配置[4∶2 (S1)、6∶3 (S2)和8∶4(S3)],以单作为对照,共计9组处理,比较分析了两种间作系统中不同带型配置的间作优势以及成熟期养分吸收量和利用效率对间作优势的贡献。结果表明:与单作相比,间作提高了作物生物产量和籽粒产量,胡麻||玉米间作系统显著高于胡麻||大豆间作,且在8∶4行比配置下达到最大值;两种间作系统中土地当量比(LER)均大于1,具有间作产量优势。胡麻||玉米间作系统中,植株氮、磷和钾养分吸收总量比相应单作提高12.15%~50.38%、44.79%~67.29%和3.90%~25.75%,氮素利用效率高出单作73.20%~78.36%;氮、磷和钾吸收因子对LER的贡献分别为1.33~2.10、1.76~2.08和1.11~1.53,利用因子的贡献分别为-0.30~-0.12、-0.42~-0.25和-0.10~0.07。胡麻||大豆间作系统中,植株氮、磷和钾养分吸收总量比相应单作提高6.86%~60.06%、11.97%~59.21%和7.34%~65.30%,氮素利用效率高出单作48.77%~71.74%;氮、磷和钾吸收因子对LER的贡献分别为1.17~2.13、1.20~2.10和1.15~2.15,利用因子的贡献分别为-0.53~-0.30、-0.46~-0.15和-0.52~-0.03。综合分析认为,本研究中8行胡麻4行玉米间作带型能提高作物养分吸收利用能力,增加间作系统作物产量,其间作优势主要来源于养分吸收量的增加,而非利用效率的改变。

化控对玉米带状间作大豆主茎分枝光合特性、物质积累及产量的影响

为充分挖掘化控技术对带状间作系统中大豆的增产潜力,本研究以大豆-玉米带状间作为研究对象,以南豆25为试验材料,通过在大豆4节期(V4)叶面喷施不同植物生长调节剂[抑芽丹(MH)、吲哚-3-乙酸(IAA)、6-苄氨基嘌呤(6-BA)、24-表油菜素内酯(EBR)、三碘苯甲酸(TIBA)、烯效唑(S3307)、胺鲜酯(DTA-6)]及清水(CK),探究调节剂对大豆主茎和分枝结构上的光合特性、干物质积累分配及产量的影响。结果表明,调节剂处理提高了带状间作大豆主茎和分枝叶片SPAD值、净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率,EBR、S3307和DTA-6处理下大豆的叶面积指数、干物质积累量和群体产量显著高于CK。各调节剂中以DTA-6协调主茎与分枝生长关系的效果最好,该处理下盛荚期(R4)大豆主茎和分枝的干物质积累量分别较CK增加15.62%和30.24%,完熟期分枝荚果分配率最高。产量结果也表明,DTA-6处理下分枝粒数和百粒重达到最大,使大豆群体产量较CK提高26.01%~32.61%。综上,DTA-6能够改善带状间作大豆主茎和分枝叶片光合特性,促进干物质积累分配及产量形成。本研究为化控在带状间作大豆中的推广应用提供了理论参考与技术支撑。

施氮与种间距离下大豆/玉米带状套作作物生长特性及其对产量形成的影响

为明确施氮和种间距离下套作作物生长特性及其对产量形成的影响。本文以大豆/玉米带状套作系统为研究主体,探究不同氮水平(施氮与不施氮)与种间距离(玉豆间距30、45、60和75 cm、单作100 cm)下作物生长率、干物质积累与分配及产量差异,并对作物干物质积累过程进行拟合,综合分析作物生长规律和产量效益。结果表明:玉米生长率在抽雄期至乳熟期达最大,不施氮下以间距30 cm(MS30)最高,较玉米单作(MM100)高出34.99%。套作大豆生长率在初花期前显著低于单作(SS100),而初花期后高于SS100,以间距60cm(MS60)最高,盛花期—盛荚期在不施氮下较SS100高出78.91%。Logistic方程可较好的拟合玉米、大豆的干物质积累过程,且R2均在0.95以上。与不施氮相比,施氮推迟了玉米干物质积累高峰,提高了干物质积累量;套作大豆生育前期干物质积累慢于单作,而生育后期间距45cm(MS45)、MS60干物质积累逐渐与单作持平甚至超过单作。施氮提高了玉米籽粒干物质分配率而显著提高产量,2年间玉米产量分别提高10.05%、40.90%。随种间距离增加套作大豆产量呈先增后减趋势,以MS60最高,MS30最低,MS60两年间在不施氮与施氮下较MS30分别平均高出23.88%、31.77%。套作下土地当量比均在1.35以上,其中以施氮下MS60最大(1.89)。适宜的种间距离(间距60 cm)可实现套作下玉米和大豆协同生长,提高作物生长率、促进干物质积累与分配、提高系统产量和土地当量比。

不同株行距配置对黑大豆乌青1号主要农艺性状和群体产量的影响

为提高黑大豆单产与品质,助力高邮市黑大豆产业发展,文章通过研究黑大豆-玉米带状复种模式下不同株行距配置对黑大豆乌青1号主要农艺性状和群体产量的影响,筛选适宜高邮市黑大豆生产的株行距配置。结果表明,黑大豆-玉米带状复合种植模式下,处理2的主要农艺性状及产量优于其他处理,为适宜高邮市黑大豆生产的株行距配置,即种植密度49380株/hm^(2)条件下,黑大豆3行,行距45 cm、株距22.5 cm,每穴1株。此群体结构和株行距配置有利于形成合理产量结构,提升带状复合种植模式下黑大豆产量。

大豆-玉米带状复合种植技术探讨

大豆-玉米带状复合种植技术作为近年来国家重点示范推广的稳粮扩油项目,已在全国16个省份得到推广应用。简介大豆-玉米带状复合种植技术和种植模式,分析与传统的大豆-玉米间套作模式的差异,并从品种、栽培、施肥、用水、控草等环节提出技术要求,从除草剂施用、病虫害防控等方面提出注意事项。

大豆玉米带状复合种植机械化技术发展

确保国家粮油安全,将大豆玉米带状复合种植技术优势全面发挥出来,配套的带状复合种植机械化技术与装备是关键。本文以综述国内外大豆玉米种植机械化装备为基础,分析了大豆玉米带状复合种植机械化发展受阻的因素,最后提出了推动玉米大豆带状复合种植机械化发展的路径。

襄阳市玉米大豆带状复合种植示范研究

玉米大豆带状复合种植是近年来农业部重点推广的新模式,是落实“藏粮于技、藏粮于地”战略,保障国家粮食安全的重要举措之一。示范推广该项技术的前提是保障土地综合收益,而宜机化并尽快实现全程机械化是重要支撑。在总结襄阳市2023年实施玉米大豆复合种植过程中存在的主要问题基础上,针对问题提出了建议,希望对今后的示范应用有所帮助。

玉米大豆带状复合机械化种植技术要点

为了满足国内大豆和玉米的市场需求,国家启动了大豆和油料产能提升工程,积极推广大豆玉米带状复合种植技术。该种植技术以选配优良品种,扩间增光,缩株保密为核心,通过应用减量一体化施肥技术,优化抗倒伏绿色防控配套,提升了生产效率和生产质量,提高了农田利用率。玉米大豆带状复合种植模式对机械设备的性能和功能提出了更为严格的要求,以确保玉米大豆带状复合种植的规范性、合理性。结合实际工作经验,探讨了玉米大豆带状复合机械化种植技术要点,希望对玉米大豆带状复合种植技术的推广起到促进作用。

种植密度对玉米-大豆带状间作系统玉米产量性状及品质的影响

陇东黄土高原玉米种植面积大,提高玉米产量和改善品质的适宜带状间作种植密度非常重要。本文以当地玉米单作(49500株/hm^(2))为对照,设玉米低密度(45000株/hm^(2))和高密度(54000株/hm^(2))两种玉米-大豆带状间作种植密度,研究带状间作种植密度对玉米产量和品质的影响。结果表明,与玉米单作处理相比:(1)间作处理玉米穗粗和穗行数略有降低,高密度种植时玉米穗长和行粒数最高,分别达到21.2 cm和40.5粒/行;(2)高密度间作种植增加了玉米产量,显著增加了玉米地上部干物质量(20949 kg/hm^(2));(3)高密度间作种植时,玉米籽粒蛋白、脂肪及纤维含量最高,较玉米单作处理分别提高10.9%、2.53%和2.91%。主成分分析可以解释不同处理结果79.6%的差异,高密度带状间作种植对玉米的产量和品质影响更为显著。研究表明,该区域玉米-大豆带状间作种植中,玉米以54000株/hm^(2)密度种植,可提高玉米的产量和品质,适合在陇东黄土高原及类似地区推广应用。