Anti-Dead-Zone Integral Sliding Control and Active Vibration Suppression of a Free-floating Space Robot with Elastic Base and Flexible Links

Under the conditions of joint torque output dead-zone and external disturbance,the trajectory tracking and vibration suppression for a free-floating space robot(FFSR)system with elastic base and flexible links were discussed.First,using the Lagrange equation of the second kind,the dynamic model of the system was derived.Second,utilizing singular perturbation theory,a slow subsystem describing the rigid motion and a fast subsystem corresponding to flexible vibration were obtained.For the slow subsystem,when the width of deadzone is uncertain,a dead-zone pre-compensator was designed to eliminate the impact of joint torque output dead-zone,and an integral sliding mode neural network control was proposed.The integral sliding mode term can reduce the steady state error.For the fast subsystem,an optimal linear quadratic regulator(LQR)controller was adopted to damp out the vibration of the flexible links and elastic base simultaneously.Finally,computer simulations show the effectiveness of the compound control method.

Structured Light 3D Vision Based on Laser Scanning Space-encoding and Its Synchro Control

ＳｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｄＬｉｇｈｔ３ＤＶｉｓｉｏｎＢａｓｅｄｏｎＬａｓｅｒＳｃａｎｎｉｎｇＳｐａｃｅ┐ｅｎｃｏｄｉｎｇａｎｄＩｔｓＳｙｎｃｈｒｏＣｏｎｔｒｏｌ＊ＹＵＸｉａｏｙａｎｇ（于晓洋）ＱＩＡＮＧＸｉｆｕ（强锡富）ＺＨＡＮＧＪｉａｎ＊＊（张健）ＷＵＬ...

Sequence Planning for On-Orbit Assembly of Large Space Truss Structures in a Multirobot Environment

An approach to sequence planning for on-orbit assembly of large space truss structures in a multirobot environment is presented. A hierarchical representation of large space truss structures at the structural volume element level and strut level is adopted. The representation of connectivity matrix and directed graph is respectively presented at the strut level and SVE level. The multirobot environment that consists of autonomous space robots and struts is supposed. Then the multirobot serial assembly strategy,assembly states,assembly tasks and assembly sequences are described. The assembly sequence planning algorithms at the strut level and SVE level are respectively discussed. The results of the simulations show that this approach is feasible and efficient. Two extensions of this approach include more accurate assessment of the efficiency representation and improvements in planning algorithm. In the future,the assembly sequence planning of more large space truss structures and complex multirobot environments and assembly tasks will be considered.

DECENTRALIZED ROBUST CONTROL FOR UNCERTAIN FLEXIBLE SPACE STATION

A decentralized variable-structure robust control technique for uncertain large-scale systems is proposed and using the proposed technique. a decentralized robust control system for uncertain flexible space station is designed. The designed robust control system can guarantee the stability and safe operation of space station in a wide range of system parameters variations and highly intensive external disturbances. In addition. because decentralized adaptation laws for the upper bounds of system uncertainties are introduced, the control technique is particularly applicable to the uncertain flexible space station with complex structure whose bounds of system uncertainties can not be determined or vary with time.

Singular perturbation composite control of a free-floating flexible dual-arm space robot

The Free-floating Flexible Dual-arm Space Robot is a highly nonlinear and coupled dynamics system. In this paper, the dynamic model is derived of a Free-floating Flexible Dual-arm Space Robot holding a rigid payload. Furthermore, according to the singular perturbation method, the system is separated into a slow subsystem representing rigid body motion of the robot and a fast subsystem representing the flexible link dynamics. For the slow subsystem, based on the second method of Lyapunov, using simple quantitative bounds on the model uncertainties, a robust tracking controller design is used during the trajectory tracking phase. The optimal control method is designed in the fast subsystem to guarantee the exponential stability. With the combination of the two above, the system can track the expected trajectory accurately, even though with uncertainty in model parameters, and its flexible vibration gets suppressed, too. Finally, some simulation tests have been conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

基于dSPACE的新型双滑模PMSM控制方法

设计一种基于滑模理论的永磁同步电机控制系统,利用滑模控制器代替传统的PID控制器,用滑模观测器代替传统的位置传感器。滑模控制器中针对传统滑模控制的抖振问题,引入准滑模和趋近律的概念,设计一种新的滑模控制器。滑模观测器使用连续饱和函数代替传统的开关函数,有效地减少高频噪声信号,经李亚普诺夫稳定方程证明系统的稳定性。本设计方法充分发挥滑模控制的优势。通过d SPACE实验平台的验证和Control Desk环境的实时观测,证明所设计的新的滑模控制器在消除抖振和抗干扰方面明显优于传统的滑模控制器和PID控制器,滑模观测器能准确地观测位置信号,而且针对具有噪声干扰的场合,加入卡尔曼滤波器,有效地减少了干扰信号。

Placement optimization of actuator and sensor and decentralized adaptive fuzzy vibration control for large space intelligent truss structure

Large space truss structure is widely used in spacecrafts.The vibration of this kind of structure will cause some serious problems.For instance,it will disturb the work of the payloads which are supported on the truss,even worse,it will deactivate the spacecrafts.Therefore,it is highly in need of executing vibration control for large space truss structure.Large space intelligent truss system(LSITS) is not a normal truss structure but a complex truss system consisting of common rods and active rods,and there are at least one actuator and one sensor in each active rod.One of the key points in the vibration control for LSITS is the location assignment of actuators and sensors.The positions of actuators and sensors will directly determine the properties of the control system,such as stability,controllability,observability,etc.In this paper,placement optimization of actuators and sensors(POAS) and decentralized adaptive fuzzy control methods are presented to solve the vibration control problem.The electro-mechanical coupled equations of the active rod are established,and the optimization criterion which does not depend upon control methods is proposed.The optimal positions of actuators and sensors in LSITS are obtained by using genetic algorithm(GA).Furthermore,the decentralized adaptive fuzzy vibration controller is designed to control LSITS.The LSITS dynamic equations with considering those remaining modes are derived.The adaptive fuzzy control scheme is improved via sliding control method.One T-typed truss structure is taken as an example and a demonstration experiment is carried out.The experimental results show that the GA is reliable and valid for placement optimization of actuators and sensors,and the adaptive fuzzy controller can effectively suppress the vibration of LSITS without control spillovers and observation spillovers.

Equivalent continuum modeling of beam-like truss structures with flexible joints

The paper investigated the equivalent continuum modeling of beam-like repetitive truss structures considering the flexibility of joints,which models the contact between the truss member and joint by spring-damper with six directional stiffnesses and dampings.Firstly,a two-node hybrid joint-beam element was derived for modeling the truss member with flexible end joints,and a condensed model for the repeating element with flexible joints was obtained.Then,the energy equivalence method was adopted to equivalently model the truss structure with flexible joints and material damping as a spatial viscoelastic anisotropic beam model.Afterwards,the equations of motion for the equivalent beam model were derived and solved analytically in the frequency domain.In the numerical studies,the correctness of the presented method was verified by comparisons of the natural frequencies and frequency responses evaluated by the equivalent beam model with the results of the finite element method model.

EXPLORATION OF SUBSTITUTION OF REPEATED MODE SUBSPACES FOR CLOSELY SPACED MODE SUBSPACES

A new quantitative concept is introduced in this paper, which may be used to facilitate the measurement of the controllability of a subspace similar to subspace controllability degree. Then the concrete form of the subspace controllability degree of a flexible structure is derived, and the errors of subspace controllability degree and dynamical response caused by the substitution of a repeated mode subspace for a closely spaced mode subspace are discussed. All the results show that this substitution is rational under some conditions.

基于EtherCAT总线的空间结构点阵自动同步加载系统研发

大型空间结构试验通常具有加载点数量多、覆盖面积广、加载工况较多的特点,传统的加载方法很难兼顾成本适宜、安全高效。该文提出了一种新型空间结构点阵自动同步加载系统,该加载系统采用水作为试验载荷,应用实时工业以太网EtherCAT总线技术,可实现任意比例下多点同步精确加载。加载系统的控制模块、数据采集模块和加载容器可根据试验需要在控制总线上无限挂载和自由分布,具有通用性强、自动化程度高、安全高效、加载耗材清洁廉价的特点。该文详细介绍了该加载系统的原理与组成,以及EtherCAT总线主从式结构下主站和从站的具体实现,并将其应用于马鞍形正交索网结构承载力试验,整个加载过程中荷载稳步匀速增长、数值稳定准确,验证了该加载系统的可行性和准确性。

大口径空间光学望远镜桁架结构关键技术研究进展

近年来大口径空间光学望远镜以高像质、宽波段、大幅宽等特点,在开展空间科学探索、精细化对地观测等方面越来越重要。大口径望远镜的主承力结构、大型光学组件的支撑结构往往采用桁架结构,本文围绕实现桁架结构的超轻、超稳特性,从构型优化设计、新型材料、先进制造工艺、精确测量标定方法等方面,系统性梳理了其理论基础、研究方法、应用现状等,并探讨了空间桁架结构技术的发展趋势。

绳驱桁架结构伸展臂的主动振动控制

伸展臂由于受到空间温度变化和卫星机动动作的影响,不可避免地会产生振动。在阻尼较低的空间环境中,这种振动衰减较慢,影响伸展臂的正常工作。因此,合适的振动控制方法对于伸展臂的正常工作至关重要。本文采用拉绳作为作动器的空间桁架结构伸展臂,研究其作动绳上铰链串联顺序的优化和模型预测控制律的设计,这两部分内容均考虑了作动绳的单边约束和饱和约束。首先,通过ANSYS软件获取结构的模态信息;然后结合系统可控性原理和遗传算法计算出作动绳上铰链串联最优顺序;最后,在数值仿真中,通过设计的控制率对一个由四个单元组成的桁架结构伸展臂的振动控制过程进行仿真分析。结果表明,提出的作动绳串联铰链的方式能够有效抑制伸展臂的振动。

多节链式倾转旋翼飞行器重构控制与运动仿真

多节链式旋翼飞行器具有构形可变换的特点,是应对运动空间变化的一种有效构形设计方式。受限于构形变化下电机共轴带来的横向转动力矩的缺失,多节链式旋翼飞行器的动态重构飞行具有无法达成的临界构形区间。为此,设计了具备横向倾转的链式旋翼机体结构,以单机臂为模块化结构基本单元,通过旋转关节实现水平向的构形变化,机臂中段配置倾转矢量关节,用以提供滚转力矩支撑。在机体运动学、动力学模型推导的基础上,引入虚拟控制量对控制分配进行线性化处理,利用Moore-Penrose伪逆求解控制效率矩阵,面向全构形变换设计了基于全驱动控制的飞行控制律。对飞行器典型构形位姿控制的稳定性、构形变换控制的可行性进行实验论证,仿真结果表明:在飞行器各典型构形飞行状态下,姿态各轴向角度跟踪最大误差不超过0.05°,构形变换过程中,姿态各轴向角度跟踪误差不超出0.1°,2种情况下,位置偏差均能控制在1 mm以内,飞行器具备各构形下稳定飞行及构形变换的能力,为进一步开展动态重构及稳健飞行提供了必要条件。

采用模糊补偿滑模控制器的空间柔性机械臂振动抑制方法

空间柔性机械臂可以安装于空间站协助宇航员开展在轨维修、航天器交会对接和太空垃圾捕获等任务。空间柔性机械臂因其细长的结构在运动过程中会出现振动现象,进而影响操作精度和飞行安全。为了减弱空间柔性机械臂的振动,采用模糊补偿滑模控制策略对空间柔性机械臂的旋转运动进行控制。通过提高空间柔性机械臂的转动控制精度间接地减弱振动。首先根据假设模态法描述空间柔性机械臂的变形,使用拉格朗日原理建立了考虑了二维变形的模态和转角耦合的动力学方程。然后,利用模糊规则的万能逼近特性辨识、补偿包括柔性非线性项和外界干扰的动力学模型的不确定成分。接下来,根据李雅普诺夫函数设计模糊补偿滑模控制策略的控制律和自适应律以保证空间柔性机械臂的闭环稳定性。最后,开展了空间柔性机械臂的仿真和物理样机控制试验。试验结果表明,模糊补偿滑模控制策略可以有效地提高空间柔性机械臂的转动控制精度,间接地减弱振动幅值。与传统的滑模控制策略相比,提出的控制策略可以使转角跟踪误差绝对值的平均值下降17.86%,使横向加速度的标准差下降31.91%。

面向无人作业的天空地协同网络:需求、挑战、技术变革机遇

在偏远、危险地区,机器人可感知环境、智能交互,协同完成复杂任务。以卫星和无人机为主体的天空地协同网络能够为这些机器人提供全域泛在、随遇接入的通信服务。首先,分析无人作业发展趋势和机器人通信需求。基于此,面向机器人通信的特点,建议跳出“信息传输管道”的传统视角,在支持信息传输的同时,关注信息的内容和价值。进一步综合考虑机器人通信中信息生成的动作及其反馈,提出潜在技术变革的切入点。具体地,从结构化通信资源配置、机器人行为调控和感-传-算-控闭环模型三个方面阐述维纳控制论启发的通信范式变革途径。

大跨扶梯钢桁架结构现场加载试验与分析

某商场自动扶梯大跨度钢桁架结构需要检测其在正常使用极限状态下的挠度与应力,该钢桁架水平跨度47.9 m,仅在两端设有支座,整体悬空且最高处离地面35 m。现场难以采用直接堆载方式加载,故提出一种空间加载系统。在桁架节点处悬挂精轧螺纹钢筋,以地下室楼板作为反力装置,利用千斤顶完成加载。首先对加载系统进行承载力、整体稳定及局部稳定验算,采用SAP2000有限元软件对地下室梁板结构进行验算,发现竖向拉力会导致原结构梁板开裂,因此选择在板上堆载的方式以减少拉力对原结构的影响。现场试验结果表明,该加载系统对原地下室梁板结构未造成损害,钢桁架实测挠度和应力情况与原结构设计计算相符。

大跨度双曲空间桁架钢结构地铁车站施工关键技术研究

大跨度双曲空间桁架钢结构具有造型优美宏伟、空间利用率高等特点,在重要建筑工程项目上应用较多。该类结构形式复杂,跨度大,制作及安装难度大、技术要求高。北京大剧院地铁车站采用大跨度双曲空间桁架钢结构,造型极具特色。基于此,文章以北京大剧院地铁车站工程为例,对该工程采用的“弦支穹顶结构+双向错层交叉网格屋盖+中心落地花篮柱+周圈辅助支承体系”总体设计方案及结构安装步骤展开论述,对该工程双曲空间桁架钢结构施工关键技术进行研究和总结,以期为钢结构建设创新发展奠定技术基础,为其他类似工程设计及施工提供参考和借鉴。

Wave control of a flexible space tether based on elastic metamaterials

This study proposes a spider‐web elastic metamaterial to suppress vibrations in space slender structures,such as flexible space tethers.The metamaterial consists of unit cells that are periodically distributed on the space tether to obtain band gaps.The finite element model of the unit cell is established by employing the absolute nodal coordinate formulation(ANCF)due to the large deformation of the structure.The eigenfrequencies and corresponding vibration modes of the unit cell are obtained by ANCF.Moreover,the band gap of the unit cell is calculated based on the phonon crystal theory.The relationship between the vibration modes and the band gaps is analyzed.Finally,an experiment is conducted to verify the vibration transmission characteristics of finite period cells.The results show the effectiveness of the spider‐web elastic metamaterial for vibration suppression of a flexible tether.This study provides insights into the use of elastic metamaterials for vibration isolation in space tether systems.

某100 m跨越桁架结构设计

为提高大跨度空间钢桁架结构应用水平,及时总结设计经验,结合工程实例,对大跨度空间桁架结构的矩形截面和三角形截面进行结构选型对比,选择稳定性更好的矩形截面。考虑项目正常使用环境,结构材料选择Q355–D来提高结构可靠度;由于温度作用影响明显,桁架支座采用椭圆形孔,通过支座滑动释放温度应力,同时管线每隔6.5 m设置1道滑动支座,管线与支座间设置聚乙烯滑动绝缘垫,以降低滑动摩擦系数。为提高基础抗滑移及抗倾覆能力,同时考虑边坡稳定,独立基础埋深为6.0 m,基础短柱顶部设螺栓与跨越支座连接固定,并设置抗剪键来抵抗支座处的剪力。项目钢管焊接为全熔透焊,焊缝质量等级为一级。为满足防腐蚀要求,防腐涂层厚度设计为350μm,要求设计防腐使用年限不小于15年,并定期检查和维护。

针辊式烟丝结构调控设备参数变化对细支烟卷制品质的影响

以单支质量标准差、吸阻标准差、总通风率标准差、端部落丝量、含末率等为指标,选取选丝针辊电机频率、断丝针辊电机频率和选丝针辊间距3个参数设计正交试验,研究针辊式烟丝结构调控设备参数变化对细支烟卷制品质的影响。结果表明:选丝针辊电机频率是影响细支烟单支质量和总通风率标准差的关键因素,断丝针辊电机频率是影响吸阻标准差和端部落丝量的关键因素,选丝针辊间距是影响含末率的关键因素;调控设备最优参数为选丝针辊电机频率33 Hz、断丝针辊电机频率45 Hz、选丝针辊间距45 mm;调控后烟丝长丝率降低了14.39%、中丝、短丝率增加了26.01%和20.09%,碎丝率变化较小。卷制后细支烟物理指标无显著变化,但单支质量、吸阻、总通风率等标准差均下降30%以上,端部落丝量、含末率分别降低了61.79%和36.42%,细支烟卷制稳定性明显提高。