Bioinspired Multifunctional Self-Sensing Actuated Gradient Hydrogel for Soft-Hard Robot Remote Interaction

The development of bioinspired gradient hydrogels with self-sensing actuated capabilities for remote interaction with soft-hard robots remains a challenging endeavor. Here, we propose a novel multifunctional self-sensing actuated gradient hydrogel that combines ultrafast actuation and high sensitivity for remote interaction with robotic hand. The gradient network structure, achieved through a wettability difference method involving the rapid precipitation of MoO_(2) nanosheets, introduces hydrophilic disparities between two sides within hydrogel. This distinctive approach bestows the hydrogel with ultrafast thermo-responsive actuation(21° s^(-1)) and enhanced photothermal efficiency(increase by 3.7 ℃ s^(-1) under 808 nm near-infrared). Moreover, the local cross-linking of sodium alginate with Ca^(2+) endows the hydrogel with programmable deformability and information display capabilities. Additionally, the hydrogel exhibits high sensitivity(gauge factor 3.94 within a wide strain range of 600%), fast response times(140 ms) and good cycling stability. Leveraging these exceptional properties, we incorporate the hydrogel into various soft actuators, including soft gripper, artificial iris, and bioinspired jellyfish, as well as wearable electronics capable of precise human motion and physiological signal detection. Furthermore, through the synergistic combination of remarkable actuation and sensitivity, we realize a self-sensing touch bioinspired tongue. Notably, by employing quantitative analysis of actuation-sensing, we realize remote interaction between soft-hard robot via the Internet of Things. The multifunctional self-sensing actuated gradient hydrogel presented in this study provides a new insight for advanced somatosensory materials, self-feedback intelligent soft robots and human–machine interactions.

Influences of Atmospheric Turbulence on Image Resolution of Airborne and Space-Borne Optical Remote Sensing System

A new way is proposed to evaluate the influence of atmospheric turbulence on image resolution of airborne and space-borne optical remote sensing system, which is called as arrival angle-method. Applying this method, some engineering examples are selected to analyze the turbulence influences on image resolution based on three different atmospheric turbulence models quantificationally, for the airborne remote sensing system, the resolution errors caused by the atmospheric turbulence are less than 1 cm, and for the space-borne remote sensing system, the errors are around 1 cm. The results are similar to that obtained by the previous Friedmethod. Compared with the Fried-method, the arrival angle-method is rather simple and can be easily used in engineering fields.

Possibility of the Application of the Ultra-long Electromagnetic Wave Remote Sensor to Marine Geological Exploration

The ultra-long electromagnetic wave remote sensing technique developed by Peking University is one of new future techniques, which can detect the submarine geological information from the depth of 20 to 10000 m below the surface by receiving natural ultra-long electromagnetic waves (n Hz to n 100 Hz). The new remote sensor is composed of three parts: a main instrument with a portable computer, an antenna with an amplifier and an external power.

Techniques in Utilizing Remote Sensor Technology for Precision Crop Production by Farmers as Climate Change Adaptation Strategy in Nigeria

This paper focuses on techniques in utilizing remote sensor technology for precision crop production by farmers as climate change adaptation strategy in Nigeria. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study and was carried out between August 2013 and May 2014. The findings of the study revealed that 32 items were needed by farmers in utilizing sensory technology for precision crop production. The study recommended that the 32 items identified by the study should be utilized by extension agent in teaching the farmers the use of sensor technology for precision crop production while the farmers should make themselves available for the training.

Cathodic Protection Remote Monitoring Based on Wireless Sensor Network

Cathodic Protection system is an efficient system used for protecting the underground metal objects from corrosion. In this paper the use of Cathodic Protection (CP) system and how they can be developed to simulate corrosion control solution was illustrated. The aim of developing a Cathodic Protection system is to provide control over oil pipelines and to reduce the incidence of corrosion. The proposed system integrates the technology of wireless sensor Network (WSN) in order to collect potential data and to realize remote data transmission. In this system each WSN receives the data from the environment and forwards it to a Remote Terminal Unit (RTU). Then each RTU forwards it to its base station (BS). In this work Labview 2010 program was used, due to its high potentials. In addition it contains a Tool Kit that supports the wireless sensor network. In this simulation used many cases study to test and monitoring data and get optimum results, least time delay and high speed to prevent corrosion.

Integrating Remote Sensing and Proximal Sensors for the Detection of Soil Moisture and Salinity Variability in Coastal Areas

Soil moisture and salinity are two crucial coastal saline soil variables, which influence the soil quality and agricultural productivity in the reclaimed coastal region. Accurately characterizing the spatial variability of these soil parameters is critical for the rational development and utilization of tideland resources. In the present study, the spatial variability of soil moisture and salinity in the reclaimed area of Hangzhou gulf, Shangyu City, Zhejiang Province, China, was detected using the data acquired from radar image and the proximal sensor EM38. Soil moisture closely correlates radar scattering coefficient, and a simplified inversion model was built based on a backscattering coefficient extracted from multi-polarization data of ALOS/PALSAR and in situ soil moisture measured by a time domain reflectometer to detect soil moisture variations. The result indicated a higher accuracy of soil moisture inversion by the HH polarization mode than those by the HV mode. Soil salinity is reflected by soil apparent electrical conductivity （ECa）. Further, ECa can be rapidly detected by EM38 equipment in situ linked with GPS for characterizing the spatial variability of soil salinity. Based on the strong spatial variability and interactions of soil moisture and salinity, a cokriging interpolation method with auxiliary variable of backscattering coefficient was adopted to map the spatial variability of ECa. When compared with a map of ECa interpolated by the ordinary kriging method, detail was revealed and the accuracy was increased by 15.3%. The results conclude that the integrating active remote sensing and proximal sensors EM38 are effective and acceptable approaches for rapidly and accurately detecting soil moisture and salinity variability in coastal areas, especially in the subtropical coastal zones of China with frequent heavy cloud cover.

Remote electrocardiograph monitoring using a novel adhesive strip sensor: A pilot study

The increase in health care costs is not sustainable and has heightened the need for innovative low cost effective strategies for delivering patient care. Remote monitoring holds great promise for preventing or shortening duration of hospitalization even while improving quality of care. We therefore conducted a proof of concept study to examine the quality of electrocardiograph (ECG) recordings obtained remotely and to test its potential utility in detecting harmful rhythms such as atrial fibrillation. We tested a novel adhesive strip ECG monitor and assessed the ECG quality in ambulatory individuals. 2630 ECG strips were analyzed and classified as: Sinus, atrial fibrillation (AF), indeterminate, or other. Four readers independently rated ECG quality: 0: Noise; 1: QRS complexes seen, but P-wave indeterminate; 2: QRS complexes seen, P-waves seen but poor quality; and 3: Clean QRS complexes and P-waves. The combined average rating was: Noise 12%; R-R, no P-wave 10%; R-R, no PR interval 18%; and R-R with PR interval 60% (if Sinus). If minimum diagnostic quality was a score of 1, 88% of strips were diagnostic. There was moderate to high agreement regarding quality (weighted Kappa statistic values; 0.58 to 0.76) and high level of agreement regarding ECG diagnosis (ICC = 0.93). A highly variable RR interval (HRV ≥ 7) predicted AF (AUC = 0.87). The monitor acquires and transmits diagnostic high quality ECG data and permits characterization of AF.

Design and Implementation of Remote Health Monitoring Sensor Network Based on the Internet of Things

From the view of practical application, this paper designs the human body physiology information collection nodes, the coordinator node, wireless transmission system using CC2430 microcontroller, and detailed design information of human body sensor （temperature, heart rate, ECG / pulse） circuit diagram. This paper set up software of a wireless network （ZigBee protocol）, sensor signal acquisition, wireless transmitting and receiving, and communicate with PC machine by serial communication coordinator node. Experiments show that the network node data transmission accurate, reliable work, basically reached the requirements of the design issues.

Design and Development of a Greenhouse Remote Monitoring System Based on WinCE

Based on the current development status of greenhouse remote monitoring systems, a greenhouse remote monitoring system based on WinCE was designed and developed. In the system, various environmental sensors in a greenhouse are used to collect the environmental data of the greenhouse in real time, and the data are exchanged through the wireless communication module and the embedded master WinCE system plat-form in the greenhouse. The host controllers in the main controller of the greenhouse communicate with each other through the TCP/IP protocol, and communicate with the real-time monitoring and management system. The remote control of the greenhouse is performed via the monitoring page. The tests of a PC and mobile phone show that the system is reliable and easy to use, and the expected goals have been achieved in all aspects.

Simulate New Near Equatorial Satellite System by a Novel Multi-Fields and Purposes Remote Sensing Goniometer

Researchers in the remote sensing field use different types of images from satellite systems and simulator devices, such as goniometers. However, no device can simulate the new generation of optical satellite system called near-equatorial satellite system to perform different kinds of remote sensing applications in equatorial regions. This study proposed a newly invented laboratory and fieldwork goniometer designed to simulate and capture intensity variation and measure the bidirectional spectral reflectance of earth surface. The proposed goniometer is a multi-purpose and multi-field device. It is able to simulate different satellite systems and measure the intensity variation and spectral reflectance of earth’s surface features with freely azimuth and zenith angles of sensors and illumination source in fieldwork and/or laboratory. However, the system of invention is focusing on specific satellite orbital to work with the parameters and properties of NEqO satellite system in order to obtain NEqO system imagery for performing different applications such as geometric correction, relative radiometric normalization and change detection for future work. The significant of this invention is that most of the invented goniometers of remote sensing are able to work just in field or just in laboratory and use, carry just optical sensor or hyperspectral sensor. Specifically, our invention can do all these functions that are not available in existing goniometers. The proposed device offers several advantages, namely, high measurement speed, flexibility, low cost, efficiency, and possible measurement depending on the free zenith/azimuth angles of sensors and illumination sources. The proposed goniometer includes ten parts, and two different sensors (optical and hyperspectral).

Study on straw incineration monitoring based on the combination of remote sensing image

Straw incineration monitor is a key part of international environmental governance.In the paper,the combination of MODIS,MUX and TLC remote sensors is used to monitor straw burning fire points accurately.MODIS remote sensor has the characteristics of high temporal resolution and thermal infrared band,which can be used to judge the regional thermal abnormal variation and preliminary extract the suspicious thermal abnormal points.Combining with GIS information,the preliminary position of MODIS thermal abnormal points can be acquired.The MUX and TLC sensors of ZY-3 satellite in the preliminary position area can be pretreated,which includes radiometric calibration,atmospheric correction,geometric precision correction,ortho-rectification,etc.Through analyzing the physical properties and spectral information in the straw incineration area,the interpretation features of the straw incineration area will be determined.Then the high geographical resolution fusion image with two meters resolution can be interpreted,and the information of fire-point in high geographical resolution remote sensor can be extracted.Combining with the Google earth map to compare interpretation images in different time range of this area,and using ArcGIS platform to accurately position the confirmed fire point,the final position of the fire can be determined.Correspondingly,the combination of remote sensing sensors with high,medium and low resolution can be used to monitor the straw incineration point in county area.In experimental area,there are twenty-three straw burning fire points are found.The experimental results show that,this method can realize precise monitoring of straw incineration point in county area.However,straw incineration point monitoring in real time still need to be further investigated.

Some essential questions in remote sensing science and technology

In this paper,I propose a personal view on the general contents of remote sensing science and technology,which includes sensor research and manufacturing,remotely sensed data acquisition,data processing,information extraction and remote sensing applications.Serving as the basis for all these components is radiative transfer process modeling and inversion.Also of importance is the effective visualization of remotely sensed data and their efficient distribution to end users.In all these areas,there are critical research questions.In particular,I consider 4 fundamental areas for improved application of remote sensing.These include the scale and angular issues in remote sensing,removal of topographic effects on the radiance and geometry of remotely sensed imagery and the related question of multisource and multitemporal data registration,integrating knowledge and remotely sensed data into effective information extraction,and four dimensional data assimilation techniques.Strategies of information extraction can be broadly divided into manual visual analysis and computer-based analysis.The computer based information analysis include radiative transfer model inversion,image classification,regression analysis,three dimensional information extraction,shape analysis and change detection.Successful information extraction is the key to the success of remote sensing.There are many important issues that need to be solved including how to make better use of the spatial and temporal data present in remotely sensed data in information extraction.How to effectively combine the strength of both computer analysis and human interpretation? Finally,4D data assimilation is the new direction that allows for the integration of instantaneous observation with process-based climate,hydrological and ecological models.Further work along this direction will enhance the contribution of remote sensing in global change studies.In return,the quality of remotely sensed parameters can be improved.

Several solutions of remote transmission for state monitoring of bridges

The research for remote monitoring of bridges is expected to develop methodologies and tools for collecting state data, monitoring the real-time status of the bridge from distance, and more importantly seeking a best way for remote transmission of bridge monitoring system by comparing the characteristics of each scheme. This paper focuses on the solutions to remote transmission for state monitoring of bridges, which deals with the remote transmission system based on PSTN (Public Service Telephone Network), wireless sensor monitoring system and remote transmission using SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) network. As a result, a combination of wireless sensor monitoring system and the remote sensing system using SDH network is proposed to be the considered way for remote state monitoring of bridges.

Research and application on wireless remote measurement system of drill hydrology

The configuration, function, principle of operation and the main design of the wireless remote measurement system of drill hydrology based on GPRS were introduced in this paper. The current resources of GPIRS network was used by the system, and water level, water temperature and turbidity were measured by the intelligent sensors. Then the data were transmitted to the monitoring computer by the GPRS modem in wireless, which processed the data, forecasted and predicted water disaster. The monitoring computer software has the Chinese operation interface in the windows circumstance with simple and convenience using. The managers can operate every function by the Chinese cue. The data communications between the remote indicating instrument distributing in every drill and the monitoring computer is built only by one monitoring computer. The technology of data collection, GPRS wireless communication, computer, data processing, database were collected by the system, some functions such as real time supervising, early-warning, decision-making supporting, and so on had been achieved. The system has such merits as high precision, low cost, flexible distributing, credible transmitting and simple operation.

Interpreting the Shortwave Infrared &Thermal Infrared Regions of Remote Sensed Electromagnetic Spectrum with Application for Mineral-Deposits Exploration

The ASTER (Advanced Space-borne Thermal Emission and Reflection radiometer) data, including all the 3 parts: VNIR (Visible and Near-Infrared), SWIR (Short Wave Infrared), TIR (Thermal Infrared), were applied for extraction of mineral deposits, such as the Ni-Cu deposit in eastern Tianshan, the gypsum in western Tianshan, and the borax in Tibetan. This paper discusses the extraction methodology using the ASTER remote sensing data and reveals the good extraction results. This paper bravely represents the summary of the main achievement for this field by the scientists in other countries and gives a comparison with the works by others. The new achievements, described in this paper, comprise the extraction of anomalies for Ni-Cu deposit, gypsum, and borax.

A Design of Remote-Controlled Chalkboard Eraser

Chalkboard erasers that are commonly used in many schools and education organizations have the poor ability in removing the dust off the chalkboard and collect them. The dust that is not collected will be taken into human bodies via inhalation, which will lead to respiratory diseases. Therefore, it is crucial to design a chalkboard eraser that can collect the dust effectively. If the eraser can be controlled both remotely and manually by people, it can further reduce the amount of dust taken in by human bodies. To achieve remote control, a micro-controller is needed to transfer the infrared radiation (IR) into signals that can control electric motors to move around on the chalkboard. Furthermore, the microfiber is also used as the cleaning material to improve the performance of dust cleaning and collecting. A vacuum pump is needed to create negative pressure between the eraser and the chalkboard so that the eraser can stick to it. The result shows a stronger ability in removing and collecting dust. With the help of the Arduino UNO board, the remote control is successfully achieved, and the eraser can move on the chalkboard freely according to the order.

基于OneNET云平台的智慧消防远程监控系统的设计

针对传统消防监控系统存在开发成本高、误警率高、实时监控不便的问题,提出一种基于物联网云平台的智慧消防远程监控系统。采用STM32单片机作为中枢控制芯片,经多传感器采集温度、湿度、烟雾、火焰等环境数据,通过窄带物联网(NB-IoT,Narrow Band Internet of Things)上传至OneNET云平台。经数据分析后以可视化方式呈现,对异常数据触发报警实时响应。通过手机APP实现数据实时监测及一键处置。经测试,监控系统报警准确率高于97.2%,数据延迟低于50 ms,表明该系统能够实现消防火警的无线远程监控,并做出快速反应,满足中小微企业和普通家庭用户的消防监控需要。

混流式水稻烘干塔温度远程监测系统设计

针对混流式水稻烘干塔温度难以远程监测的问题,设计了一种基于Python和LoRa技术的温度远程监测系统。系统以STM32F1单片机硬件系统为下位机,通过PT1000温度传感器测得烘干塔温度信息,判断水稻烘干塔干燥状态,并通过LoRa无线模块将状态信息传输至上位机人机界面实时显示。生产试验结果表明:整套系统数据传输性能稳定,传输距离远,数据传输成功率达96%以上,满足复杂工作环境要求,能够实现粮食干燥过程的温度实时监测功能。

一种基于云端的老人摔倒告警系统

老人摔倒可能导致严重后果。鉴于此,开发一种基于云端的老人摔倒检测和告警系统或可避免此类问题。该系统采用STM32F103C8T6单片机作为主控,用传感器MAX30100采集老人的心率和血压值,传感器MPU6050采集老人摔倒的角度及加速度,A/D转换器转化为数字量,借助I2C总线把数字量送至微控制器,用ATK-1218-BD模块实现老人定位,ESP8266-01模块将采集的数据上传至云端,通过手机APP显示。系统可以监测老人当前状态,快速辨别其身姿,获取位置信息,满足实时监测和摔倒报警的要求。测试结果表明:系统总体布局合理,方案可行,运行稳定,误差不超过1%,实现了较精准的身姿识别,达到摔倒报警及远程监测的目的。

基于无线传感器网络的卫星遥感观测非均匀地表重点区域监测系统设计

卫星遥感观测非均匀地表重点区域监测数据通常具有复杂性和不确定性,难以精准确定重点监测区域和获取有用信息,导致监测范围受限,监测结果存在较大误差;因此,为了给非均匀地表的治理提供数据支持,利用无线传感器网络优化设计卫星遥感观测非均匀地表重点区域监测系统;加设卫星遥感观测图像传感器,调整无线传感器网络模块,改装监测数据处理器,利用调整的系统电路连接硬件元件,完成硬件系统的优化;在硬件和数据库的支持下,从拓扑结构和传输协议等方面,构建无线传感器网络;实现高空遥感与无线传感器网络的深度融合,利用无线传感器网络采集地表卫星遥感观测图像,获取地表信息,扩宽监测范围;并通过滤波、几何纠正等步骤,实现初始图像的预处理,并提取图像特征,根据特征图像的匹配结果,确定非均匀地表重点区域,结合地表倾斜角度、地表非均匀程度等指标完成卫星遥感观测非均匀地表重点区域监测;经实验测试发现改进系统与传统监测系统相比,优化设计系统输出地表倾斜角度和地表变形量的监测误差分别减小0.28°和0.73 m^(3),同时系统监测范围明显扩大。