Saturated Adaptive Output-Constrained Control of Cooperative Spacecraft Rendezvous and Docking

This paper investigates the robust relative pose control for spacecraft rendezvous and docking with constrained relative pose and saturated control inputs.A barrier Lyapunov function is used to ensure the constraints of states,so that the computational singularity of the inverse matrix in control command can be avoided,while a linear auxiliary system is introduced to handle with the adverse effect of actuator saturation.The tuning rules for designing parameters in control command and auxiliary system are derived based on the stability analysis of the closed-loop system.It is proved that all closed-loop signals always keep bounded,the prescribed constraints of relative pose tracking errors are never violated,and the pose tracking errors ultimately converge to small neighborhoods of zero.Simulation experiments validate the performance of the proposed robust saturated control strategy.

Method for Collision Avoidance in Spacecraft Rendezvous Problems with Space Objects in a Phasing Orbit

As the number of space objects(SO)increases,collision avoidance problem in the rendezvous tasks or reconstellation of satellites with SO has been paid more attention,and the dangerous area of a possible collision should be derived.In this paper,a maneuvering method is proposed for avoiding collision with a space debris object in the phasing orbit of the initial optimal solution.Accordingly,based on the plane of eccentricity vector components,relevant dangerous area which is bounded by two parallel lines is formulated.The axises of eccentricity vector system pass through the end of eccentricity vector of phasing orbit in the optimal solution,and orientation of axis depends on the latitude argument where a collision will occur.The dangerous area is represented especially with the graphical dialogue,and it allows to find a compromise between the SO avoiding and the fuel consumption reduction.The proposed method to solve the collision avoidance problem provides simplicity to calculate rendezvous maneuvers,and possibility to avoid collisions from several collisions or from“slow”collisions in a phasing orbit,when the protected spacecraft and the object fly dangerously close to each other for a long period.

Ivar asteroid rendezvous mission system scenario and trajectory design

The asteroid exploration opportunities are searched and calculated with launch dates in 2006 to2010, and with asteroid Ivar 1627 as the target, the spacecraft and its subsystems are designed and analyzed,and the transfer trajectory is designed using △VEGA technology for the asteroid rendezvous. The design resultssatisfied the energy requirements for small explorers.

双光梳测距技术的空间应用与试验设计

双光梳测距技术具有测量精度高、测速快、非模糊范围大和可现场溯源的优势,在航天工程中具有广阔的应用前景,如航天器交会对接、卫星编队飞行、大型展开机构定位等。在货运飞船与空间站交会对接的任务场景下,提出了一种双光梳高精度测距技术空间应用与试验方案,介绍了双光梳测距技术的基本原理,对试验系统进行了架构设计,实现在400 m范围内对空间动态合作目标优于100μm测距精度、1 kHz测量带宽。进一步针对测距系统的关键参数进行了设计与仿真,对系统的空间环境适应性进行了分析,结果表明测距系统最大可实现19.5 m/s相对运动速度下的高精度测距,满足搭载任务场景需求,为下一步双光梳测距技术的在轨试验与航天工程化应用提供了技术参考。

基于快速筛选策略的多航天器交会任务规划

研究了位于地球同步轨道(GEO)上的多航天器交会任务规划问题。以交会所需的燃料作为优化指标,建立了一个交会任务规划模型,旨在确定服务航天器的交会顺序和机动轨迹。采用灵活的两脉冲兰伯特机动策略来实现目标交会,并通过遗传算法解决优化问题。在约束条件处理中,引入了一种基于机器学习技术的分类筛选策略。快速判断个体的适应度值,减少适应度值计算,以提高进化算法的优化求解效率。最后,通过提供的仿真案例和对比实验,验证了所研究算法的卓越性能。

一种基于约束规则的航天器全相位交会对接程序规划方法

针对载人航天领域交会对接过程,设计了一种基于约束规则的程序规划方法,将飞行程序按照相关性划分为飞控事件,将事件约束与时间或圈次解耦,形成适用全相位交会对接的规划配置体系,通过一套配置实现各正常、应急分支程序的规划生成,相比传统基于时序的程序设计方法,提高配置的适应性,提高程序设计效率,为后续交会对接程序规划设计提供参考。

Feasibility analysis of angles-only navigation algorithm with multisensor data fusion for spacecraft noncooperative rendezvous

Relative navigation is crucial for spacecraft noncooperative rendezvous,and angles-only navigation using visible and infrared cameras provides a feasible solution.Herein,an angles-only navigation algorithm with multisensor data fusion is proposed to derive the relative motion states between two noncooperative spacecraft.First,the design model of the proposed algorithm is introduced,including the derivation of the state propagation and measurement equations.Subsequently,models for the sensor and actuator are introduced,and the effects of various factors on the sensors and actuators are considered.The square-root unscented Kalman filter is used to design the angles-only navigation filtering scherne.Additionally,the Clohessy-Wiltshire terminal guidance algorithm is introducedto obtain the theoretical relative motion trajectories during the rendezvous operations of two noncooperative spacecraft.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed angles-only navigation algorithm is verified using a semi-physical simulation platform.The results prove that an optical navigation camera combined with average accelerometers and occasional orbital maneuvers is feasible for spacecraft noncooperative rendezvous using angles-only navigation.

载人航天器交会对接灯故障目标检测模型

为了实现载人航天器综合测试期间交会对接灯故障的快速准确识别,提出了一种应用改进YOLO v8模型+注意力机制的交会对接灯故障目标检测模型。该模型在改进YOLO v8模型的基础上,在加强特征提取网络上引入注意力机制模块,对故障目标给予更多关注,提高了密集小目标识别精度。同时,在自制灯数据集上进行仿真试验。试验结果表明:文章提出的模型平均准确率提高为0.91,可以对灯的部分点失效故障目标进行快速、有效识别,为载人航天器综合测试期间交会对接灯智能巡检提供了一种新思路。

航天器交会系统鲁棒非脆弱控制器设计

以航天器交会控制系统为研究背景,阐述了一种基于线性矩阵不等式(LMI)技术进行非脆弱制器设计的方法。在航天器交会的系统模型中考虑不确定参数的存在,利用Lyapunov函数方法对系统进行稳定性分析,设计所得的控制器存在条件以线性矩阵不等式(LMI)的形式给出,可通过Matlab软件LMI工具箱进行求解。不同于已有的航天器交会控制器设计方法,这里考虑了控制器中存在的不确定参数,即非脆弱控制问题。最后,通过一个数值仿真实例证明了本文所设计非脆弱控制器的有效性。

Reconfiguration of Spacecraft Cluster Based on Distributed Local Information

The reconstruction of spacecraft cluster based on local information and distributed strategy is investigated.Each spacecraft is an intelligent individual that can detect information within a limited range and can determine its behavior based on surrounding information.The objective of the cluster is to achieve the formation reconstruction with minimum fuel consumption.Based on the principle of dual pulse rendezvous maneuver,three target selection strategies are designed for collision avoidance.Strategy-1 determines the target point’s attribution according to the target’s distance when the target point conflicts and uses a unit pulse to avoid a collision.Strategy-2 changes the collision avoidance behavior.When two spacecraft meet more than once,the strategy switches the target points of the two spacecraft.In Strategy-3,the spacecraft closer to the target has higher priority in target allocation.Strategy-3 also switches the target points when two spacecraft encounter more than once.The three strategies for a given position,different completion times,and random position are compared.Numerical simulations show that all three strategies can accomplish the spacecraft cluster's reconfiguration under the specified requirements.Strategy-3 is better than Strategy-1 in all simulation cases in the sense of less fuel consumption with different completion times and given location,and it is more effective than Strategy-2 in most of the completion time.With a random initial position and given time,Strategy-3 is better than Strategy-1 in about 70%of the cases and more stable.

基于安全强化学习的航天器交会制导方法

随着航天器交会对接任务越来越复杂,对其高效性、自主性和安全性的要求急剧增加。近年来,引入强化学习技术来解决航天器交会制导问题已经成为国际前沿热点。障碍物避撞对于确保航天器安全交会对接至关重要,而一般的强化学习算法没有对探索空间进行安全限制,这使得航天器交会制导策略设计面临挑战。为此,提出了基于安全强化学习的航天器交会制导方法。首先,设计避撞场景下航天器自主交会的马尔可夫模型,提出基于障碍预警与避撞约束的奖励机制,从而建立用于求解航天器交会制导策略的安全强化学习框架;其次,在该安全强化学习框架下,基于近端策略优化算法(PPO)和深度确定性策略梯度算法(DDPG)这两种深度强化学习算法生成了制导策略。实验结果表明,该方法能有效地进行障碍物避撞并以较高的精度完成交会。另外,通过分析两种算法的性能优劣和泛化能力,进一步证明了所提方法的有效性。

航天器多约束交会的仅测角导航最优多目标闭环制导

研究了航天器多约束交会的仅测角导航最优多目标闭环制导问题,优化目标包括交会时间、燃耗和仅测角导航可观性指标,并考虑了视觉传感器视场角、推力器推力幅度和最小安全距离等各种约束条件,建立了多约束、多目标优化下的仅测角导航和闭环制导问题的数学模型,分析了仅测角导航和闭环制导之间的耦合关系。最后,通过Matlab遗传算法工具箱中的多目标优化函数,求解得到了该多目标优化模型的Pareto最优解集,结果显示交会时间、燃耗和仅测角导航可观性指标不能同时达到最优,存在相互制约关系,即提高其中一种优化目标的性能会降低其他优化目标的性能。

基于人工蜂群算法的固定时间多脉冲交会

在两航天器交会问题中,采用多脉冲变轨策略往往能取得更小的燃料消耗.利用人工蜂群算法优化了航天器固定时间多脉冲交会问题,提出一种改进的人工蜂群算法.该方法能够简化时间约束的处理,能获得满足地球半径约束的解.该方法易于编程,鲁棒性强,可以应用到不同的摄动模型.仿真结果表明,该算法不易陷入局部最优,相比于粒子群算法和传统人工蜂群算法具有更高的求解精度.

基于深度学习的航天器位姿估计研究进展

从在轨应用角度出发,对近年来基于深度学习的航天器位姿估计相关研究成果进行了综述。首先,对基于传统特征提取方法的航天器位姿估计研究进展与局限性进行了归纳梳理。在此基础上,引出基于深度学习的航天器位姿估计的重要意义,并聚焦公开比赛、数据集、姿态估计方法、开源模型等方面阐述基于深度学习方法在当前和未来的关键问题与解决途径。最后,从数据集逼真度、模型可部署、多任务域适应3个维度给出了相应关键技术后续发展的方向与思路。

帕累托-有限推力航天器轨道机动问题中相对运动的最优控制

针对时间自由的两航天器交会问题,考虑了在轨道圆柱参考系中线性运动模型的相对运动轨迹的多准则优化。得到了描述相对运动的长期参数和周期参数方程。详细研究了具有有限横向推力的纵向运动控制变体的标称控制程序结构,并获得了解析解。开发了一种求解任意边界条件和推力控制加速度值的帕累托最优控制程序在标准空间(机动时间、总时间)中的算法。该算法中,使用帕累托最优方法,实现了多目标的优化(总时间最优,燃料最优),给出了地球静止轨道平面上参数校正变体的数值计算结果。

大型航天器电位控制系统设计及验证

分析了大型航天器在轨交会对接及执行特殊任务等需求,提出了针对不同供电电压等级航天器交会对接、机械臂操作和航天员出舱等任务中的舱体不等电位问题,给出了被动电位控制及主动电位控制的方案。在此基础上提出了具体的设计方案及关键参数的确定,完成了被动电位控制地面验证方案,给出了试验验证结果,完成了主动电位控制在轨实际运行,并给出了实际运行结果情况。可为后续类似航天器的相关设计及地面试验验证提供参考。

大型复杂任务航天器快速交会对接轨道优化设计

针对航天器在快速交会对接过程中任务复杂、发射窗口宽、轨道偏差大的特点,文章提出了一种不同于我国已有的交会对接轨道设计的方法。通过在轨道设计上预留主动飞行器追及相位和增加两次修正脉冲,显著增大了快速交会对接对相位偏差的适应能力。经两次交会对接任务验证表明:该方法可满足首窗口发射及推迟发射条件下的快速交会对接任务需求,具有较好的工程应用价值,对我国未来航天器交会对接轨道设计有借鉴意义。

Output Feedback Stabilization of Spacecraft Autonomous Rendezvous Subject to Actuator Saturation

This paper studies the output feedback dynamic gain scheduled control for stabilizing a spacecraft rendezvous system subject to actuator saturation. By using the parametric Lyapunov equation and the gain scheduling technique, a new observer-based output feedback controller is proposed to solve the semi-global stabilization problem for spacecraft rendezvous system with actuator saturation. By scheduling the design parameter online, the convergence rates of the closed-loop system are improved. Numerical simulations show the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.

Influence of Monitoring Method and Control Complexity on Operator Performance in Manually Controlled Spacecraft Rendezvous and Docking

This study focuses on the influence of the monitoring method and control complexity on the operator performance in manually controlled spacecraft rendezvous and docking （RVD）. Two one-factor experiments were designed on a simulated RVD system. One examined the video guidance and periscope monitoring methods, and the other examined three control complexity levels using one-axis RVD control, two-axis RVD control, and three-axis RVD control. Eighteen male volunteers aged 22-35 participated in the experiments. The results show that the RVD operating time increases with control complexity. Based on the operators＇ findings, the two-axis control is the easiest. The monitoring method has no significant influence on failure rate with the low complexity using one-axis RVD control.

Robust Global Stabilization of Spacecraft Rendezvous System via Gain Scheduling

The problem of robust global stabilization of a spacecraft circular orbit rendezvous system with input saturation and inputadditive uncertainties is studied in this paper. The relative models with saturation nonlinearity are established based on ClohesseyWiltshire equation. Considering the advantages of the recently developed parametric Lyapunov equation-based low gain feedback design method and an existing high gain scheduling technique, a new robust gain scheduling controller is proposed to solve the robust global stabilization problem. To apply the proposed gain scheduling approaches, only a scalar nonlinear equation is required to be solved.Different from the controller design, simulations have been carried out directly on the nonlinear model of the spacecraft rendezvous operation instead of a linearized one. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is shown.